Beta-TRAIL conference - 30 and 31 October

Time Dependent Pollution Routing

Problem (TDPRP)
A. Franceschetti, D. Honhon, T. van Woensel, T. Bektas, G. Laporte

Problem description Illustrative example

Inputs CASE 1
- homogeneous fleet of vehicles
D 1 2 3 D
- set of customers with known demand 10 Km/h 75 Km/h 75 Km/h 75 Km/h 75 Km/h

- hard service time windows

-time-dependent speeds in cases where there is traffic CASE 2

congestion D 1 2 3 D
0 Km/h 75 Km/h 75 Km/h 75 Km/h 75 Km/h
Emission function
90

Decision variables
80
Solution CASE 1 CASE 2
70
Data Value
- route Departure time (h) 0 6
Fuel (liter/100km)

60
Total distance 160 Km
Fuel cost (1.916 €/l) 69.67 43.875
- departure time
50
Congestion length 6h
40 Driving cost (9.483 €/h) 69.48 77
- free flow speed 30

20
Congestion speed 20 Km/h Total cost (€) 139.15 120.875

10

0
5 25 45 65 85 105

Objective
Speed (km/h)

minimize a cost function that accounts for greenhouse gas Analytical results
emissions, fuel consumption, and driver costs.
1) Given a single-link TDPRP instance, if there are no time
windows one of the following two solutions is optimal:
• the driver is paid from time zero
o wait until the end of the congestion
Main insight o leave at time zero
Allowing for idle waiting at the depot and client nodes can be
• the driver is paid from the time he starts traveling
used to mitigate the impact of congestion and to optimize the
wait until the end of the congestion
trade-off between the different cost components.
o

2) The (lowest) optimal departure time from the depot is non

decreasing with respect to the time windows.

How we model traffic congestion

Time-dependent speed function and travel time profile
Illustrative example
a congestion length
vc congestion speed
vf free flow speed NO TW
speed travel time d distance [0h;∞]

vf d/vc D 120 km C
transient zone 30 km/h 75 km/h
d/vf Congestion Arr.. = 3h
Dep. = 0
vc speed: 30 Km/h
length: 2.5 h
LOWER TW
a time a-(d/vc) a departure time
[4h;∞]

D 120 km C
0 km/h 30 km/h 63.53 km/h
travel time
speed Dep = 1.6h Arr.. = 4h

vf d/vc
DATA NO TW LOWER TW
vc d/vf Departure time (h): 0* 2.5 0 1.6 * 2.5
Fuel cost (1.916 €/l) 35.62 32.88 34.75 32.4 33.75

a-(d/vc) a time a-(d/vc) a departure time Driving cost (9.5 €/h) 29.61 39.12 38.25 38.25 38.25
Total cost (€) 65.23 72 73 70.65 72

/ School of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences