60.

DREAMWORK CONSTRUCTION, INC.,

- versus -
CLEOFE S. JANIOLA
x-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x

FACTS:
On October 18, 2004, Petitioner filed a criminal information for violation of Batas Pambansa Blg 22
against private respondent Janiola with the MTC. On September 20, 2006, private respondent, joined by her
husband, instituted a civil complaint before the RTC against petitioner for the rescission of an alleged
construction agreement between the parties, as well as for damages. Notably, the checks, subject of the criminal
case before the MTC, were issued in consideration of the construction agreement.
Thereafter, private respondent filed a Motion to Suspend Proceedings in the criminal case, claiming that
the civil case posed a prejudicial question as against the criminal cases. Petitioner opposed on the ground that one
of the elements of a prejudicial question is that the previously instituted civil action involved an issue similar or
intimately related to the issue raised in the subsequent criminal action. This element is alleged missing in this
case, the criminal case having preceded the civil case. On the other hand, private respondent cites Article 36 of
the Civil Code which provides:

Art. 36. Pre-judicial questions which must be decided before any criminal prosecution may be
instituted or may proceed, shall be governed by rules of court which the Supreme Court shall
promulgate and which shall not be in conflict with the provisions of this Code. (Emphasis
supplied.)

Private respondent argues that the phrase before any criminal prosecution may be instituted or may proceed
must be interpreted to mean that a prejudicial question exists when the civil action is filed either before the
institution of the criminal action or during the pendency of the criminal action.
MTC granted the Motion to Suspend Proceedings holding that a motion for suspension of a criminal
action may be filed at any time before the prosecution rests (Sec 6, Rule 111, Revised Rules of Court). On
appeal to RTC, the latter affirmed the decision of MTC and ruled that the requirement of a previously filed civil
case is intended merely to obviate delays in the conduct of the criminal proceedings, in this case, there was no
clear evidence of any intent to delay by private respondent.
Hence, this petition.

ISSUE:
Whether or not the suspension of criminal case on the basis of prejudicial question in civil case is
proper.

HELD:
No, the suspension is improper. The elements of a prejudicial question are contained in Rule 111, Sec. 7
of 2000 Rules on Criminal Procedure, as amended, which states:

SEC. 7. Elements of prejudicial question. The elements of a prejudicial question are: (a) the previously
instituted civil action involves an issue similar or intimately related to the issue raised in
the subsequent criminal action, and (b) the resolution of such issue determines whether or not the criminal
action may proceed.

Under the amendment, a prejudicial question is understood in law as that which must precede the criminal
action and which requires a decision before a final judgment can be rendered in the criminal action with which
said question is closely connected. The civil action must be instituted prior to the institution of the criminal action.

Additionally, it is a principle in statutory construction that a statute should be construed not only to be
consistent with itself but also to harmonize with other laws on the same subject matter, as to form a complete,
coherent and intelligible system. This principle is consistent with the maxim, interpretare et concordare leges
legibus est optimus interpretandi modus or every statute must be so construed and harmonized with other statutes
as to form a uniform system of jurisprudence.

The phrase previously instituted civil action in Sec. 7 of Rule 111 is plainly worded and is not susceptible
of alternative interpretations. The clause “before any criminal prosecution may be instituted or may proceed” in
Art. 36 of the Civil Code may, however, be interpreted to mean that the motion to suspend the criminal action
may be filed during the preliminary investigation with the public prosecutor or court conducting the
investigation, or during the trial with the court hearing the case.
 It also bears pointing out that the civil case was filed two (2) years after the institution of the criminal
complaint and from the time that private respondent allegedly withdrew its equipment from the job site. Also, it
is worth noting that the civil case was instituted more than two and a half years from the time that private
respondent allegedly stopped construction of the proposed building for no valid reason. More importantly, the
civil case praying for the rescission of the construction agreement for lack of consideration was filed more than
three (3) years from the execution of the construction agreement.
The circumstances surrounding the filing of the cases involved here show that the filing of the civil action
was a mere afterthought on the part of private respondent and interposed for delay. And as correctly argued by
petitioner, it is this scenario that Sec. 7 of Rule 111 of the Rules of Court seeks to prevent. Thus, private
respondents positions cannot be left to stand.
In any event, even if the civil case here was instituted prior to the criminal action, there is, still, no
prejudicial question to speak of that would justify the suspension of the proceedings in the criminal case.
To reiterate, the elements of a prejudicial question under Sec. 7 of Rule 111 of the Rules of Court are: (1)
the previously instituted civil action involves an issue similar or intimately related to the issue raised in the
subsequent criminal action; and (2) the resolution of such issue determines whether or not the criminal action may
proceed.
It must be remembered that the elements of the crime punishable under BP 22 are as follows:

(1) the making, drawing, and issuance of any check to apply for account or for value;

(2) the knowledge of the maker, drawer, or issuer that at the time of issue there are no
sufficient funds in or credit with the drawee bank for the payment of such check in full upon its
presentment; and

(3) the subsequent dishonor of the check by the drawee bank for insufficiency of funds or
credit, or dishonor for the same reason had not the drawer, without any valid cause, ordered the
bank to stop payment.[20]

The issue of lack of valuable consideration for the issuance of checks which were later on dishonored
for insufficient funds is immaterial to the success of a prosecution for violation of BP 22
Verily, even if the trial court in the civil case declares that the construction agreement between the parties
is void for lack of consideration, this would not affect the prosecution of private respondent in the criminal case.
The fact of the matter is that private respondent indeed issued checks which were subsequently dishonored for
insufficient funds. It is this fact that is subject of prosecution under BP 22.
Therefore, it is clear that the second element required for the existence of a prejudicial question, that the
resolution of the issue in the civil action would determine whether the criminal action may proceed, is absent in
the instant case. Thus, no prejudicial question exists and the rules on it are inapplicable to the case before us.
WHEREFORE, we GRANT this petition.