INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (QUIZ1B)

1. The man behind the discovery of the concept that ice can absorb heat without changing
temperature when melting.
a. Robert Hooke
b. Count Rumford
c. Joseph Black
d. George Davis

*Joseph Black was able to observe that other substances, like ice, absorbed a certain
amount of heat on melting without showing any change in temperature.

2. The principle used on the method of counting and sizing microscopic particles suspended
in fluid.
a. Aufbau Principle
b. Coulter Pinciple
c. Kick’s Law
d. Rittinger’s Law

*Coulter Principle is the most widely used method for counting and sizing particles
suspended in fluid.

3. His works became the stepping stone for the ancient engineering building and plant
designs.
a. Filippo Brunechille
b. Filippo Brenuchille
c. Filippo Brunelleschi
d. Filippo Brechulles

*Filippo Brunelleschi is an Italian architect and engineer who had an opportunity to

design and build the cupola of the new cathedral for the city of Florence. He developed
series of steps which became the basis of the engineering design until the present.

4. A processing plant addition to an existing plant.

a. Pilot plant
b. Grass roots plant
c. Expansion plant
d. Battery limit plant

*Battery-limit Plant is a process plant additions to an existing plant.

5. Engineering involved when management decides to proceed and provide sufficient

capital funds.
a. Capitalized engineering
b. Expensed engineering
c. Chemical engineering
 d. Industrial engineering

*Capitalized Engineering is engineering involved when management decides to proceed

and provide sufficient capital funds.

6. Used for refinement of the Lang factor method

a. Lang factors
b. Hand factors
c. Wroth factors
d. AOTA

*Hand Factors is a refinement of the Lang factor method

7. It is the moisture in solid which exerts vapor pressure equal to that of pure liquid at the
same temperature.
a. Bound moisture
b. Unbound moisture
c. Free moisture
d. Moisture content

*Moisture content of the solid which exters an equillibriumvapour pressure equal to that
of pure liquid at the given temperature is the unbound moisture.

8. The Law of Proportional Resistences

a. Kick’s Law
b. Hund’s Rule
c. Rittinger’s Law
d. Both a and c

9. The mass transfer operation of extraction is considered as __________ because of its

nature of interface between phases.
a. Gas-liquid contact
b. Liquid-liquid contact
c. Liquid-solid contact
d. Gas-solid contact

*Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a

method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubility in
two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent.

10. The world’s largest nuclear power station.

a. Texas City Refinery
b. Obninsk Plant
c. Kashiwazaki-Kariwa
d. Three Mile Island
 *Kashiwazaki-Kariwa is the world's largest rated nuclear power station. The 4.2km² site
is located in the Niigata Prefecture city of Kashiwazaki and the town of Kariwa,
approximately 135 miles north-west of Tokyo, on the coast of the Sea of Japan.
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa is also the world's fourth largest electric-generating station behind
three hydroelectric plants: Itaipu on the Brazil-Paraguay border, Three Gorges Dam in
China and Guri Dam in Venezuela. Like all power plants in Japan, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa
was built to strict earthquake-resistance standards. However, the 2007 earthquake caused
the plant to leak radioactive substances into the air and water. The plant, which has been
operating since 1985, was closed until safety checks following the earthquake were
completed. The plant was reopened in May 2009.

11. Budget authorization estimate or scope estimate is called

a. order of magnitude estimate
b. preliminary estimate
c. definitive estimate
d. detailed estimate

* Preliminary estimate (budget authorization estimate or scope estimate) based on sufficient data
to permit the estimate to be budgeted.
For nos. 12 – 14:
The purchased equipment cost for a solid processing plant is $ 550,000. The plant is to be
constructed as an addition to an existing plant.

12. Estimate the TCI of the equipment

a. $2,568,500
b. $2,335,000
c. $2,557,500
d. $2,530,000
Solution: Using table 6-9 of Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers
𝑇𝐶𝐼 = ($550,000)(4.67) = $2,568,500

13. Estimate the FCI of the equipment

a. $2,220,500
b. $1,987,500
c. $2,183,500
d. $1,985,000
Solution: Using table 6-9 of Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers
𝐹𝐶𝐼 = ($550,000)(3.97) = $2,183,500

14. Estimate the cost for engineering and supervision

a. $187,800
b. $165,000
c. $181,500
d. $155,000
Solution: Using table 6-9 of Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐸&𝑆 = ($550,000)(0.33) = $181,500
15. The key dimensionless group that defines the nature of the suspending fluid relative to the
particle is the ___________
a. Reynold’s Number
b. Avogadros Number
c. Harriott’s Number
d. Knudsen Number

* The key dimensionless group that defines the nature of the suspending fluid relative to the
particle is the Knudsen number Kn = 2 λ / Dp where λ is the mean free path of the fluid. Thus the
Knudsen number is the ratio of two length scales, one characterizing the "graininess" of the fluid
with respect to the transport of momentum, mass, or heat, and the other characterizing the
particle, its radius.

16. If the particle is at rest at t=0 and the air is still, the only velocity component is in the _____.
a. triple direction
b. x-direction
c. y-direction
d. z-direction

* If the particle is at rest at t=0 and the air is still, the only velocity component is in the z-
direction. From the discussion of terminal settling velocity in Fundamentals of Air Pollution
Engineering by Richard C. Flagan, John H. Seinfeld.

17. The diameter of a hypothetical spherical particle with the same motion characteristics as the
particle in question.
a. aerodynamic diameter
b. bolt diameter
c. impaction diameter
d. stokes diameter

* In dealing with actual aerosols, the particles may not be spheres and the density of the particles
may not be known. Describing the motion of such particles in flow fields and under imposed
external forces, the concept of an aerodynamic diameter was introduced, which is the diameter of
a hypothetical spherical particle with the same motion characteristics as the particle in question.
The aerodynamic diameter is a measure of the reaction of a particle to inertial forces. To
determine the aerodynamic diameter of a particle, one need not know the physical size, shape, or
density of the particle. In fact, particles with different sizes, shapes, and densities can have the
same aerodynamic size.

18. Drying is the removal of relatively small amount of moisture contained within a solid by the
process of ________.
a. thermal vaporization
b. thermal conductivity
 c. thermal drying
d. calcination

* In general, drying a solid means implies the removal of relatively small amounts of water or
other liquid from the solid material, to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low
value. This is from the discussion of thermal drying in Chemical Metallurgy: Principles and
Practice by Chiranjib Kumar Gupta.

19. In the absence of radiation or of heat transfer by conduction through direct contact of the
solid with hot surfaces, the temperature of the solid during the constant rate period is the
_____ of the ______.
a. wet bulb temperature, moisture
b. dry bulb temperature, air
c. wet bulb temperature, air
d. dry bulb temperature, moisture

20. Distillation is done on the basis of differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture.
It is a
a. chemical reaction
b. unit operation
c. physical separation process
d. all of the above

* Distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical

separation process and not a chemical reaction

21. At higher vapor pressure, the liquid is more volatile and has
a. higher boiling point
b. lower boiling point
c. insufficient data
d. none of the above

*The normal boiling point is the temperature in which the vapour pressure of a liquid becomes
equal to atmospheric pressure.If the intermolecular forces are small, the liquid has a high vapour
pressure.Little heat energy will have to be added to separate the molecules, so the boiling point
will be low.Conversely, if there are strong intermolecular forces, the molecules will be strongly
attracted to each other.Few molecules will enter the gas phase, and the vapour pressure will be
low.More heat will be required to separate the molecules, so the boiling point will be higher.

22. Vaporization of a definite fraction of a batch of liquid, keeping all the liquid vapor in
intimate contact so that at the end of the operation, the vapor is in equilibrium with the liquid,
withdrawing the vapor and condensing it. It is known as
a. flash
b. batch
c. differential
d. Rayleigh
*Flash distillation consists of vaporizing a definite fraction of the liquid in such a way that the
evolved vapor is in equilibrium with the residual liquid, separating the vapor from the liquid, and
condensing the vapor. An intimate mixture of vapor and liquid enters the vapor separator, in
which sufficient time is allowed for the vapor and liquid portions to separate. Because of the
intimacy of contact of liquid and vapor before separation, the separated streams are in
equilibrium.

23. One hundred moles per hour of solution containing 80 moles A, the rest B is subjected to a
simple continuous distillation. D moles of distillate containing 72 moles A is obtained. If A is
five times more volatile than B, the concentration of A in the distillate is
a. 0.533
b. 0.850
c. 0.952
d. 1.010
𝑛 𝑛
*Using 𝑛 𝑏 = (𝑛 𝑎 )1⁄𝛼𝑎𝑏 ; moles of B in bottoms is equal to 12.6 moles and moles of B in the
𝑜𝑏 𝑜𝑎
distillate is equal to 7.4 moles. So Ya=80/79.4=0.9

24. A binary mixture of 2 moles of benzene and 8 moles toluene will boil at ____.
a. 102°C
b. 110°C
c. 105°C
d. 129°C

*Using the table for vapor pressure and equilibrium-mole fraction data for Benzene toluene
system, we can obtained the temperature of 102.2656°C by interpolation using the values of
Xa1= 0.130 and Xa2=0.258 under mole fraction of benzene and the values T1=105°C and
T2=100°C.

25. In a plate and frame filter press, the rate of washing is equal to the ______ of the final
filtration rate.
a. 1/4
b. 1/2
c. 1
d. 4

*The wash water is introduced through a separate channel behind the filter cloth on alternate
plates , known as washing plates , for example plate and frame filter were the washing liq. pass
through the cake twice the thickness and the area only half as large as in the filtration therefore
rate of washing is (1/4) rate of filtration
26. A type of pneumatic conveyor system characterized by a material moving in an air stream or
pressure less than ambient is
a. fluidizing
b. pressure
c. vacuum
d. AOTA

*In a pneumatic conveying system, the air pressure in the conveying line is changed by the
system’s air mover, which generates pressure or vacuum. Where the air mover is located in the
system determines whether it generates one or the other: When located at the system’s start, the
air mover pushes air through the system and the system operates under pressure. When located at
the system’s end, the air mover pulls air through the system and the system runs under vacuum.
By controlling the pressure or vacuum and airflow inside the system, the system can successfully
transfer materials.

27. A flotation modifier which assists in selectivity or stop unwanted minerals from floating is
a. activators
b. promoters
c. depressants
d. regulators

*Flotation Depressants Assist in selectivity (sharpness of separation) or stop unwanted minerals

from floating. Examples Sodium or calcium cyanide to depress pyrite (Fe2S2) while floating
galena (PbS), sphalerite (ZnS), or copper sulfides; Zinc sulfate to depress ZnS while floating
PbS; sodium ferrocyanide to depress copper sulfides while floating molybdenite (MoS2); Lime
to depress pyrite; sodium silicate to depress quartz; Quebracho to depress calcite (CaCO3)
during fluorite (CaF2) flotation; Lignin sulfonates and dextrins to depress graphite and talc
during sulfide flotation.

28. The US Standard Sieve series equivalent to a 24 mesh Tyler Standard is _____ microns.
a. 400
b. 707
c. 805
d. 2400

*The Tyler equivalent to 24 mesh is equal to 0.707mm opening. The mesh number system is a
measure of how many openings there are per linear inch in a screen. Sizes vary by a factor of √2.
This can easily be determined as screens are made from wires of standard diameters, however,
opening sizes can vary slightly due to wear and distortion. US sieve sizes differ from Tyler
Screen sizes in that thay are arbitrary numbers.
29. The wire diameter of a 10 mesh screen whose aperture is 0.065 inch
a. 0.025”
b. 0.035”
c. 0.045”
d. 0.050”

*A 10 mesh screen will have 10 openings per inch and the aperture will be 0.1 minus the
diameter of the wire, so D= 0.1-0.065 = 0.035”.

30. The porosity of a compressible cake is

a. same throughout the thickness
b. minimum at the upstream face
c. maximum at the filter medium
d. minimum at the filter medium

*As the filtration forwards the cake is formed, pressure in increased and cause resistance due to
which compressibility is minimum.

31. The medium resistance is controlled by

a. the pressure drop alone b. the flowrate alone
c. the pressure drop and flowrate d. the cake thickness

*The pressure drop of a flow is proportional to the flow rate per unit area (specific flow rate or
filtration velocity) according to the Darcy Law. Also, the main determinants of resistance to fluid
flow are fluid velocity through the pipe and pressure drop increases proportional to the
frictional shear forces within the piping network.

32. Compressibility coefficient for an absolutely compressible cake is

a. 0 b. 1 c. 0.81 d. 1.74

* When the filter cake is incompressible, the compressibility coefficient is equal to 0 while when
the filter cake is very compressible the compressibility factor is equal to 1.

33. Pine oil used in froth flotation technique acts as

a. collector b. frother c. modifier d. activator

* Pine oil is used in froth flotation process because it does not have affinity towards water and it
attracts impurities which can be washed away. Frother additives include pine oil, various
alcohols (methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC)), polyglycols and xylenol (cresylic acid).

34. Stoke’s law is valid when the particle Reynolds number is

a. <1 b. >1 c. 0 d. <5

* For Reynolds numbers less than about one, the result expressed by Stokes’ law, is in nearly
perfect agreement with the experiment involving forces. It turns out that in the Stokes range, for
Re << 1, exactly one-third of total drag force is due to the pressure force and two-thirds is due to
the viscous force.

35. Froth flotation is most suitable for treating

a. iron ores b. metal ores c. quartz d. sulfites

*Froth flotation is the selected method for the separation of quartz and feldspar. Quartz can be
floated from feldspar in diluted HF solutions simply by the aid of frothers.

36. In a plant and equipment design, our role as chemical engineer are the following, except
a. to design new plant and expansion lines
b. to modify existing lines and processes
c. to develop new technologies
d. to construct the plant and/or equipment

* Contractors that consists different professional are the ones in charge in plant and equipment
procurement and construction. Furthermore, the roles of Chemical engineers in plant and
equipment design are; to design new plant and expansion lines, to modify existing lines and
processes and to develop new technologies.

37. This is the most important part of a feasibility study in the eyes of an investor
a. market study b. economical study
c. technical study d. financial study

* One of the most important elements of a feasibility study is the scenario analysis and is carried
out on the financial model after identifying sources of uncertainty and properly modeling them.
The results highlight the probability of making money and the variability of such return on
investment due to the identified risk factors.

38. Water has the following composition expressed as mole percent:

CO = 42.9; CO2=3; H2=49.8; N2= 3.3; O2=0.5; CH4=0.5
The net heating value for carbon monoxide equals 4347 Btu/lb, for hydrogen equals 52,010
Btu/lb and for methane equals 21520 Btu/lb. The net heating value of the water gas expressed as
Btu per cubic feet of dry gas at 600F and 1 atm pressure is
a.310 Btu/ft3 b.279 Btu/ft3 c.255 Btu/ft3 d.210 Btu/ft3

39. While making an estimate of the total product cost for a chemical plant, expenditure on
research and development (R&D) is
a. general expense b. direct production cost
c. fixed expense d. overhead cost

*General expenses on the estimation of the total product cost include administrative cost,
distribution and selling cost and research and development cost.
40. The reduction in value and marketability due to competition from newest products/model
a. depreciation cost b. fixed cost
c. obsolescence d. indirect cost

*Obsolescence is the significant decline in the competitiveness, usefulness, or value of an article

or property. Obsolescence occurs generally due to the availability of alternatives that perform
better or are cheaper or both, or due to changes in user preferences, requirements, or styles.

41. An annuity where the payment period extends forever or in which the periodic payment
continue indefinitely.
a. ordinary annuity b. deferred annuity c. annuity due d. perpetuity

*Perpetuity is an annuity where the payment period extends forever, which means that the
periodic payments continue indefinitely.

42. The length of time at which the original cost at capital used to purchase a unit have already
been recovered.
a. economic life b. write off period c. physical life d. salvage life

*Economic life, also known as service life, useful life or depreciable life, refers to how long an
asset generates more income than it costs to maintain and operate i.e. how long it remains
profitable to keep. When it costs too much to keep repairing so that no profit is made, it has
reached the end of its economic life.

43. In a multi-effect evaporator, one pound of steam will evaporate, as many pounds of water as
there are effects. Thus, a double west evaporator will evaporate two pounds of water, a triple
effect, three pounds of water and so on. This principle has the basic assumption and limitation
that the water entering each effect is?
a. at boiling point b. below boiling point c. near boiling point d. no answer

*Rillieux Principle: In a multi-effect evaporator, one pound of steam will evaporate, as many
pounds of water as there are effects. Thus, a double west evaporator will evaporate two pounds
of water, a triple effect, three pounds of water and so on. This principle has the basic assumption
and limitation that the water entering each effect is at or near its boiling point. (Cane Sugar
Handbook, 12th Edition by J>C>P> Chen and C. Chou, John Wiley and Sons, inc.)

44. The total capacity of 4 effect evaporator is ______ that of a single effect evaporator with the
same heating surface equal to that of one of the effects when operated under the same terminal
conditions.
a. equal to b. twice c. 4 times d. 1/4

*The total capacity of a multiple effect evaporator is usually no greater than that of a single
effect evaporator with the same heating surface equal to that of one of the effects when operated
under the same terminal conditions, and, when there is an appreciable boiling-point elevation, if
often considerably smaller.

45. The other term for long tube vertical rising film evaporator is
a. Kestner b. Ballou c. Fairhurst d. Rillieux

*Cail& Fletcher Roberts and Kestner evaporator is a rising film type. Installed in multiple effects
into the evaporation station this evaporator concentrates the juice from the purification station
and sends the concentrated juice (syrup) to the crystallization station. (http://sugar-bio-
energy.fivesgroup.com/equipment/evaporation/roberts-kestner-evaporator.html)

46. The portion of the drying process during which the moisture content of the material covers
the entire surface of the material.
a. constant rate period b. Initial rate period
c. second falling rate period d. first falling rate period

* In the constant-rate period, the water is being evaporated from what is effectively a free water
surface. The rate of removal of water can then be related to the rate of heat transfer, if there is no
change in the temperature of the material and therefore all heat energy transferred to it must
result in evaporation of water. The rate of removal of the water is also the rate of mass transfer,
from the solid to the ambient air. These two - mass and heat transfer - must predict the same rate
of drying for a given set of circumstances.

47. The moisture in the solid that exhibits a vapor pressure less than that of the pure liquid at the
given temperature.
a. bound moisture b. equilibrium moisture
c. free moisture d. critical moisture

*Bound moisture is liquid in a solid, which exerts a vapor pressure that is less than the pure
liquid would do at the same temperature.
48. The material is maintained suspended against gravity in an upward-flowing air stream. There
may also be a horizontal air flow helping to convey the material through the dryer. Heat is
transferred from the air to the material, mostly by convection.
a. Fluidized bed dryer b. pneumatic dryer c. spray dryer d. no answer

* In fluidized bed dryers, Food material is maintained suspended against gravity in an upward-
flowing air stream. May also be horizontal air flow helping to convey the food through the
dryer.Heat--transferred from the air to the food material mostly by convection.

49. Unsaturated air (with dry bulb temperature and dew point being 35°C and 18°C respectively)
is passed through a water spray chamber maintained at 15°C. The air will be
a. cooled and dehumidified with decrease in wet bulb temperature
b. cooled and dehumidified with increase in wet bulb temperature
c. cooled and dehumidified
d. cooled at the same relative humidity

* Cooling and dehumidification process is obtained when the air at the given dry bulb and dew
point (DP) temperature is cooled below the dew point temperature. When the air comes in
contact with the cooling coil that is maintained at the temperature below its dew point
temperature, its DB temperature starts reducing. The process of cooling continues and at some
point it reaches the value of dew point temperature of the air. At this point the water vapor within
the air starts getting converted into the dew particles due to which the dew is formed on the
surface of the cooling and the moisture content of the air reduces thereby reducing its humidity
level. Thus when the air is cooled below its dew point temperature, there is cooling as well as
dehumidification of air.

50. When the temperature and humidity of air is low, we usually use __________ draft cooling
tower
a. natural b. forced c. induced d. AOTA

*Natural draft cooling towers operate on the stack effect which causes the hot air in the tower to
rise (natural draft). Wet natural draft cooling towers are used mainly for electrical energy
industry, but can be used for other industrial objects. Such towers allow the cooling of high water
volumes and are designed both from concrete and metal structures.