J. AeroJol Sci., Voi. 14, No. 2, pp. 175-176.

Pergamon Press Ltd. 1983. Printed in Great Britain.

BOOK REVIEWS

Radarmtttorelogie--Ttli~lttection active de I'Atmmpl~re. Par H. SAUVAGEOT,in French. Soft cover, 125 Frs.
Editions Eyrolles, Paris, 1982.

This is a well-indexed work of 296 pages with some 500 references; it is one of a series of books on
telecommunications. The first chapter very briefly describes the history of the subject and gives block diagrams of
non-coherent and coherent apparatus, the latter being essential for measuring the velocity of the targets in the
atmosphere which is done by Doppler-Fizeau frequencies not exceeding several kilohertz on a basic frequency up
to 3-35 Gttz, corresponding to wavelengths of 10-0.86 cm. Another way of measuring velocity is the employment
of frequency modulated continuous wave emission. Sensitivity, resolution and calibration of the radar equipment
are discussed in some detail.
The second chapter deals with propagation through the atmosphere which is mainly affected by water droplets
and ice. Conventionally, cloud particles are taken to exceed 200/an in diameter, corresponding to water droplets
which fall at 75cm/sec. Formulae for size distribution, intensity of precipitation and size distribution of
precipitation are given, including rain, snow and hail. There follows a summary of electromagnetic scattering and
absorption results including back reflection, depolarization and attenuation. Attenuation by gases is negligible for
wavelengths above 2 cra; in a tropical atmosphere water vapour causes attenuation for wavelengths above 3 cm.
Attenuation by snow is due to Rayleigh scattering and is related to the water content, being independent of the
sizes of the snow flakes. Droplets of rain only follow Rayleigh hehaviour for long wave (> 10cm) radar. Several
formulae are given for back reflection against drop size and water content.
Chapter 3 covers propagation through turbulence and through clear air. Powerful radars with metre or decimetre
waves are useful for studying turbulence, even in the presence of clonds. Insects and birds can he detected. Clear air
observations are affected by sound waves which travel more slowly at lower temperatures and can be used to
determine the temperature as a function of altitude.
Velocity measurements of air are described in Chap. 4 and the possibility is indicated of displaying cyclonic
systems; this is followed up in Chap. 5 with the interpretation of various meteorological structures including storm
clouds containing hail and rain. A great deal of numerical information is given in one of the appendices of this
remarkable book.

C. N. DAVIES

Aerosol Tedmoiogy. By WILLIAMC. HINDS. pp. xix+424. Hard cover. Wiley, New York, 1982.

This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the fundamentals of aerosol technology. Its 20 chapters include
detailed accounts of particle dynamics, diffusion and coagulation; condensation and evaporation; particulate
electrical and optical properties; thermal, radiometric and adhesive forces; measurement of concentration and of
panicle size; particle size statistics; production of test aerosols; atmospheric aerosols; respiratory deposition; and
the properties of gases. In general, the author emphasizes the physics underlying aerosol technology, while
providing a mathematical background adequate for dealing with the related quantitative problems. Each chapter
provides the reader with several problems (with answers) to work and a dozen appendices provide graphs and tables
containing information useful to those engag~l in aerosol studies. An appendix in Chap. 3 contains a brief
derivation of Stokes' equation for the fluid drag on a sphere and appendices in Chap. 4 contain a derivation of the
Hatch-Choate equations and a discussion of several lesser known distributions. There is a seven-page list of
symbols and a 15-page index.
Although the author clearly intended this to be a textbook, and it will certainly be welcomed as such, it will be
valuable also as a reference or as a take-home refresher course for anyone concerned with problems related to
sampling, measurement or characterization of aerosols.

T. T. MERCER

Emissions of Sulphur into the Atmosphere (Ambio Vol. 11, No. 6, December 1982.) Pergamon Press, Oxford, annual
subscription $70: individuals $25.

.4mbio is a journal of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences which is devoted to environmental studies. The first
issue, in 197Z contained a number of articles on sulphur emissions; now, Volume 11 Number 6 (December 19821
deals mainly with the same subject. What has changed in the course of the intervening decade is the depth of
knowledge: not only is the magnitude of the current danger appreciated, but major emitters of sulphur are identified,
trends can be forecast and the technology necessary to reduce emissions is known. Sadly, it is not being applied; the
European Economic Community which includes Europe's most prolific sources of atmospheric sulphur has
approached the control of emissions with great timidity "at a snail's pace".

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