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Course : TBIE
1. Both English and bahasa Indonesia use the same 26 letter alphabet, divided similarly
between vowels and consonants. Neither language uses accent marks for any of the 26
letters.
Total of vowels in English and Indonesian language is five, there are A, I, U, E and O.
Total of consonants in English and Indonesian language is twenty one, there are B,
C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, and Z.
Example :
English : Beautiful Girl
Vowel alphabet : E, A, U, I
Consonants alphabet : B, T, F, L, G, R, L
Idonesian language : Perempuan Cantik
Vowel alphabet : E, U, A, I
Consonants alphabet : P, R, M, P, N, C, T
3. Both languages use similar methods of classifying word types into nouns, verbs,
adverbs, adjectives, pronouns, etc ,
a. Nouns/ kata benda = book (buku), clothes (baju), broom (sapu), hat (topi)
b. Verbs / kata kerja = see (lihat), hit (memukul), walk (berjalan), close (menutup)
c. Adjectives/ kata sifat = hard (keras), beautiful (cantik), ugly (jelek), naughty (nakal)
d. Pronouns/kata ganti = this (ini), those ( itu), several (beberapa), everybody (setiap
orang), some (beberapa)
4. Both languages form words in the same way by attaching prefixes and suffixes to root
words
Example 1 preffix :
- disagree, abnormal, unknown, invisible,
- mencari, pengumpul, pencuri, penulis,
Example 2 suffix : childish , available, minimize, Idealism, physiology
kriminal, feminisme, kardiologi, operator, islami, jurnalis
5. Both languages have transitive & intransitive structures
Example 1 :
(Transitive) : Close the door, please ! (Tutup pintunya !)
(Intransitive) : Hospital close at 7 p.m (Rumah sakit tutup jam 7 malam)
Example 2 :
(Transitive) : Open your book, please! (Buka bukumu)
(Intransitive) : Most of School open at 6 a.m (Semua sekolah buka jam 6 pagi)
6. Both languages have passive & active voices - bahasa Indonesia uses "di-" prefix to
indicate the passive voice while English uses the "-ed" suffix.
Example 1 :
(aktif bhs indo) Devi membersihkan lemari.
(aktif bhs inggris) Devi clean the cabinets.
(pasif bhs indo) Lemari dibersihkan oleh Devi.
(pasif bhs inggris) The cabinets was cleaned by Devi
Example 2 :
(aktif bhs indo) Dini makan roti.
(aktif bhs inggris) Dini eat Bread .
(pasif bhs indo) roti dimakan Dini.
(pasif bhs inggris) The Bread was eated by Dini.
7. Both languages use similar numbering systems except that bahasa Indonesia uses a
decimal(dot) instead of a comma as 3 digit separator (be aware that English is
inconsistent with terms for large numbers - American system and British/European
system are different)
Example :
saya beli baju seharga 20.000 rupiah
I buy clothes for 20,000 rupiah
8. Both languages use similar punctuation marks such as commas, periods, parenthesis,
question marks, quotation marks, hyphens, etc.
Example 1 :
Apa yang kamu cari ?
What are you looking for?
Example 2 :
Dini, Devi, dan Dwi bermain bersama di taman.
Dini, Devi, dan Dwi play together in the Garden.
1. Bahasa Indonesia is still a root-based language with nice complete root word families
while English has diverged and the study of root words is not as useful. Many original
English root words are now not used and forgotten although some of their derived forms
remain popular.
Root
Meanings Examples and Definitions
word
a/n not, without abyss - without bottom; achromatic - without color; anhydrous - without
a, ab/s from, away, off abduct - carry away by force; abnormal - away from normal, not normal;
present; aversion - the act of turning away from; abbreviate: to shorten.
a/c/d to, toward, near accelerate - to increase the speed of; accessible - easily entered, approac
admittance - allowing into;
acro top, height, tip, acrobat - a "high walker"; acronym - a word formed from the first (capita
beginning acrophobia - fear of height
aer/o air aerate - to let air reach something; aerial - relating to the air; aerospace
Root
Meanings Examples and Definitions
word
alg/o pain neuralgia - pain caused by a nerve; analgesic - a drug that makes one pa
aching
* https://www.learnthat.org/pages/view/roots.html
2. English has tenses for verbs while bahasa Indonesia has no similar concept.
Present Tense
1. Aktif : Doni menonton animasi dari jepang
2. Pasif : Th animation from japan is watch by doni.
Present Continuous
1. A : They are destroying that big building.
2. P : That big building is being destroyed
Present Perfect
1. A : You have taken the pencil
2. P : The pencil has been taken (by you)
Present Perfect Continuous
1. A : I have been fixing your phone.
2. P : Your phone has been being fixed (by me).
Past Tense
1. A : I broke the glass..
2. P : The glass was broken (by me).
Past Continuous Tense
1. A : I was drinking a cup of coffee.
2. P : A cup of coffee was being drunk (by me).
Past Perfect Tense
1. A : You had eaten that food.
2. P : The food had been eaten (by you).
Past Perfect Continuous
1. A : My cat had been eating your fish..
2. P : Your fish had been being eaten (by my cat).
Simple Future
1. A : I will do the homework
2. P : The homework will be done (by me).
Future Continuous
1. A : I will have been cooking the dinner soon.
2. P : The dinner will have been being cooked soon (by me)
Future Perfect
1. A : We will have finished all the tasks.
2. P : All the tasks will have been finished (by us).
Future Perfect Continuous
1. A : They will have been killing me.
2. P : I will have been being killed (by them).
Sedangkan Dalam bahasa Indonesia tidak ada tenses.
4. Bahasa Indonesia doesn't have a plural suffix which is comparable to the English "s".
Indonesian plural concept is understood by context or by the addition of other words to
express the concept of something being "more than one".
Example 1 : Ada beberapa penghapus di dalam lemari.
There are some erasers in the cupboard.
Example 2 : gelas-gelas itu bagus
The glasses are good.
7. Indonesian sentences almost always have the primary thought or focus on the
beginning of the sentence, the main thought comes first and the adjunct second. English
is more varied and inconsistent.
Example paragraph in Indoneisan :
Sebagian besar remaja zaman sekarang itu menyalahgunakan gaya hidupnya. Apalagi
remaja-remaja yang tinggal di kota metropolitan. Sebagian besar, mereka lebih mengikuti
trend mode di masa kini,seperti contohnya berpakaian seperti orang-orang luar negeri dan
bergaya kebarat-baratan.
8. Many English words can be used in different ways (e.g. same-spelled words with
different meanings) while bahasa Indonesia has fewer.
Example 1 : bee and be have same spelled but the meaning is different (bee = lebah and
be= menjadi).
example 2 : thing and think same spelled but the meaning is different (thing = sesuatu
and think= berpikir). Dalam bahasa Indonesia jarang ditemukan yang seperti itu.
9. Modifying adjectives are usually placed before the noun in English but after nouns in
bahasa Indonesia
Example 1 : Dia adalah wanita cantik
She is beautiful girl.
Example 2 : Dia memiliki bibir yang tebal
She has a thick lips
10. There are no articles in bahasa Indonesia (no a, an or the), although the se- prefix
can act in a similar manner such as in secarik = a scrap or sebuah = a piece (of fruit).
Example 1 : Secarik kertas = a piece of paper
Example 2 : sepasang baju= a pair of clothes
11. English doesn't use the circumfix affix
English doesn’t use the circumfix affix while Indonesian use it.
Example :
Mencontohkan
mencarikan
menduakan
memberikan
12. English uses figurative forms a lot more frequently than in bahasa Indonesia
Example :
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, figurative forms jarang digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari,
lebih banyak digunakan dalam menulis pusi, cerpen, atau lainnya.
13. English has different spellings for 3rd person singular verbs while bahasa Indonesia
does not change the verb. (example: "I go, you go, he goes" - "I go" is 1st person
singular, "you go" is 2nd person singular and "he goes" is 3rd person singular with
"goes" as a different spelling of "go".)
Example 1 : I bring, you bring, She brings
Aku bawa, kamu bawa, Dia bawa
Example 2 : I eat, you eat, He eats
Aku makan, kamu makan, dia makan
14. Hyphens - English uses hyphens to form adjectives & nouns from differing words,
compounding them with the combined meaning (e.g. life-giving = adj.). Bahasa
Indonesia uses hyphens for repetition of the same word or almost-same words
(reduplication, expressing repetition or indicating things smaller than real size like
toys).
Example :
well-known, pot-belly , fig-leaf
kupu-kupu, buku-buku, bersenang-senang
15. In spoken Indonesian, there are no linking verbs corresponding to the English words
"be, am, is, are, was, were".
Example 1 :
kamu tidur
you are sleep.
Example 2:
Mereka akan pulang besok pagi
they will go home tomorrow morning