AD 2000-Merkblatt Ics 23,020.30 Manufacture and testing of pressure General verification of stal Yor pressure vessels Verification of load-carrying capacity for horizontal vessels on saddle supports February 2004 edi n lity AD 2000-Merkbiatt $3/2 ‘The AD 2000-Merkblitter are prepared by the seven associations listed below who together form the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Druck- chatter" (AD). The structure and the applieatin of the AD 2000 Code and the procedural guidelines are covered by AD 2000-Merk iat G1. Te AD 2000-Merkblétte contain safety requirements fo be met under normal operating conditions. f above-normal loadings are to be ‘expected during the oparaion of the proseure vessel thie shal be akon into account by meoting epecialrequiemants I there are any divergences from the requirements ofthis AD 2000-Merkblat, it shal be possible to prove that the standard of safety of I this Code hes been maintained by other means, e.g. by materials testing, tests, stress analysis, operating experience. Fachwerband Dampfkessel, Behalte- und Rohreitungsbau e.V. (FDR), Dasseldor! Hayptverband der gewerbsichen Berufsgonossenschattone.V, Sankt Augustin Verband der Chemischen Industoo.V. (VC), Frankfurt/Main Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau e.¥. (VDMA), Fachgemeinschaft Verahrenstechnische Maschinen und ‘Apparat, Frankfurt/Main i ‘Stahinsttut VDER, Disseldort VGB PowerTech eV, Easen ' Verband der Technschen Uberwachungs-Vrene eV. (VaTOM, Bern The above asocitons continuous updets the AD 2000-Merkter in line wt octal progress. Peas aes any proposal for this tothe publisher Verband dor Technischen Uberwachungs-Vereine e.V., P, O. Box 10.8834, D-45088 Essen Contents: Foreword, ‘Scope General ‘Symbols, units and sketches in the cylinder (general) 0 Foreword [The AD 2000 Code can be appiled 10 satisfy the basic, safety requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive, principally for the conformity assessment in accordance with Modules “G” and "B + F The AD 2000 Code is structured along the lines of a self ‘contained concept. if other technical rules are used in accordance with the state of the art to solve related prob- lems, it is assumed that the overall concept has been taken into account. The AD 2000 Gode can be used as appropriate for other ‘modules of the Pressure Equipment Directive or for difer- cent sectors of the law. Responsibility for testing is es speci- fied in the provisions of the relevant sector ofthe law. 1 Scope § 1.1 This AD 2000-Merkblatt is intended to provide sirength calculations for horizontal vessels supported on & Sead, 19 ~ calculation of local stresses inthe vessel wall at saddle 2g — support regions Verification of the load-canying capacity 5 Verification of cylinder load-carrying capacity in the saddle region 6 Verification of the load-carrying capacity of the saddle Literature Diagrams ~ calculation of cylindrical vessel acting as a beam over supports calculation of load-carrying capacity of the saddle, 4.2. The verification of local stresses at the saddle sup- port region is especially required for vessels = with /D < 0,005 = made of non-ferrous metals — of large length to diameter ratios, = under high additional loads — with high utlization of vessel wall stresses due to inter- nal pressure ~ with included saddle angles < 120° cr in the case of vacuum. 1.3. The caloulation of the vessel acting as a beam over ‘supports is only required for the mid-span between sup- POTS if M aisgan > M meer Regarding the design of saddles refer to I. 1.4. This AD 2000-Merkbilatt shall only be applied in con- junction with AD 2000-Merkblatter B 0 and $ 9/0. It does, not apply to superpositioned horizontal vessels with in- termediate supports. For suchvessels, special calculations are required, e.g. in accordance with (2) ‘Supersedes January 2008 edition; | = Amendments to previous edition Lisemburger Sie: [AD 2000-Merlatr are proleted by Coprignt. Te rghs of us, parcial of any Wansaton, reproduction, exact of fowes, transmission by Polomechanical means a storagein data rtiovl Systm, even of exvacs are reserved tothe aur. Cal Hayanre Vetiag Nee akan al easoe- ble maasures to raure tho ecuricy ofthis tansation but regrets hat ro veaponstbilly can be azcpted for any eror, omission or Inaccury. In Cases ot doubt or put, he tent on of te Oman font ony aeAD 2000-Merkblatt 1.5. The following dimensional limits shall be adhered to in az distance from neutral fibre of reinforcing calculations using the equations. given in this AN 2000- ring to vassal wall; sae Table 3 mom Merkblat. 3 distance from saddle support to length byD< 02 of extended equivalent cylinder (Fig.1) mm baby = 3,0 ‘by axial width of saddle support (Fig.2) mm , bz width of reinforcing plate (Fig. 2) mm Diferent methods ofprootarereauiredtorlargerdimensional 3! tn of reforlng Pat portonextend- s ing the saddle piate to Fig. 2 mm 2 General ‘by actual width of plate (Fig. 6) mm equivalent wall thickness mm 2.1. The basis for determining the allowable forces on the 6°, effective wall thickness calculated in Sadao Is the calculation oF the local imi oad of a beam of accordance with equation (11) mm rectangular cross-section cut from the sholl in accordance, thexness of saddle plate mm with 2] and (2. For this section the alowable local bending j* Romina design strees in vessel wall in ‘t085 dy shall be determined to limit te local bending stres- een AD se00-eaelots 210 Nimené Sesreadingtrom cea membrane stessos andthe ogres, frdance wih AD 200-Meni Sameer seal mone ares 4 ati ent fino wet evant 22 ‘The sigeat econ orcas, rrmverae area foes | : f _lenghof cade supper pete om tod moment salle auld or acrodar eam py nao sade . sre moment coro eae suppor 2. For the calculation in accordance with this AD zo00- Pt © Slawable extemal presaure | bar Merkbiat the following requirements shall be met. apport mm 2.3.1. Transitions ftom the saddle suppor tothe vesselwall thickness of ring support welded to (location 3in Fig. 2) shall be smooth to avoid peak stresses. shell (Fig.2) mm This especially applies to unstitened cylinders with 1 internal dlamater of clinical shell =m AD < 0.05. nt Case ofl sade cesign eapecaly, _memal ama of einen at the hom of the saddle (e.g. concrete saddles) ~ this °° Or ona port iin AD 2000oblat shal i be used For such e-case he embane esses acing on peor iin local stresses may be calculated e.g. in accordance with [1]. Factual acon foe at soso supprti N 2a Wace ntpcert tenitiscipert ale avoided. The distance from the reinforcing plate weld to fx allowable axial force from stability any nozzle weld shallbe > 1,1 VD - 6, or to the next citcum- ‘condiion N {erential weld or next support or between longitudinal weld G total weight pertinent to the respective and saddle horn shal be at last VD - 6. This condition does load case ‘not apply tothe circumferential wold ofthe dishedhead. Here Ky to Kie factors the distance from reinforcing plate weld to head circummferen- 1 Nao yindor nding Salwald shal bo 8" but ates SO. Tho ormeat ‘onan ot ind ncuing hsm the welds shall conform to DIN EN 1708. i resul momer fe support | mm 2.3.3 The equations given hereinafter apply ifthe following 1 _resultant transverse shear force above conditions are met: ‘support | N rene W Secon mods i? oi =008 tao or wih of upp tad ese,s15¢ 6, included angle of saddle support in’ 8882 15 | rant sippate minnie Sed angio we 284 f= (600 28 of AD 2000Merbet $20) Stab tact for lat etaby accord 2.3.5. The densities of fluids contained and test fluids shall ing to equation (19) - be taken into account. @ factor for deter 1g F\ in accordance 228 Theseilesupvorashalncralybewolidiotio wna. - ‘este Whoo or oan asso, ade spor so 2, rao of loa membrane sess to lca rotweldedtothevesclabicae,asenbh,nightnaral "bond sess - ‘xpansiee, desma mara) Renal bo ersue atthe g,, genet ueatn fr shel de to ‘ose s uno eupported en tesa. deere ttzaon os Zaz. were nemalerpansonearetobeexpeceainin- Semramemorae asi a : Giant aachoncove eto shal be esgroe douy " Potandtheoterseloeesupportetebacetoponcetee Y ‘dor fr dence tothe outros Fores, Foran movement Saale spots ban ovbiin aa direction may be designed as rigid supports if they are Yx general membrane stress resulting from . apani fwihlann io theme nparoone Soin engtucina scion we dy alowabl bonding sess Wi? 3 Symbols, units and sketches Vv partially included angle in accordance 3.1 Notations with Fig. 8 i in adalion to oF deviating from the atipulaiona of AD 2000: Merkbiatter B 0 and $ 3/0 the folowing notations apply: Indices ‘distance from saddle support to b vessel head adjacent end of parallel lengths of P plastic oylndrical part (Fig.2) mm ting stifenerAD 2000- Merkblatt 0-200 Manet $2, 022004 ecton Page A Vessel resting on two symmatically paced saddle supports reunterontial wold Vessel resting on 3 or more symmetically placed sacde supports Cc r U tr, Fig. 1. Types of support 8 saddle reinforcing plate ‘A. Section A~ A 32 Sketches {he nigures shown hereinatter are basic layout sketches only to illustrate the dimensions required for the design 4 Verification of the load-cart In the cylinder (general) 4.1 Approximate calculation of the load-carrying capacity For vessels supported on twin saddles in accordance with support type A of Fig. 1 the calculations according t0 4.2 19 5.can be omited ifthe folowing conditions are satisfied L baa (808 Fig.3) P20 1 = 130 Nimm? a, 05D bet VDe v 208 be2 Ky D+ 15 by } for saddle supports with e260 reinforcing plate density of fuid contained 1000 kg/m? Ky, 880 Section 5.2.2.1 ing capacity 4.2 Actual forces and moments ‘The actual support reaction forces F, support moments M, and transverse shear forces Q, above the saddles as well as the mid-span bending moments between the supports shal be determined on a beam with circular cross-section (see Fig. 4). This can be done by means of the asymptotic solu- tions and/or in accordance with the ules of structural mecha- nies. (exampre) Vessel resting on supports not symmetrically placed (except for A and B) “The load is found to be 4.2.1 Support reaction forces For support types A and B (see Fig. 1) 4,0 forn=2 according to Fig. 9 for3 sn <8 For the eupport type C the eupport reaction foroee shall be determined according to the rules of structural mechanics, 4.2.2 Moments and transverse shear forces ‘The moments shall be determined above the supports as well ‘as the moments at mid-span Detween tne suppor. ‘Support type A ‘Support moment m= aa 18 uw, Transverse shear force (L-2a) a (Leh) Mid-span moment - “(h-a)-J-(h + 2ny? M= Mo + Fy (b—ay)-J-(5 + By) Support type 8: Suppor moment y= [AE(Q" 118: q-28/2— Mo} qiAD 2000-Merkblatt Location 2) Support region: Cylindrical shell not stiffened by rings (ilustrated with reinforcing plate; also valid without reinforcing plate) b) Support region: Cylindrical shell stiffened by rings Fig. 2. Saddle designs ‘Transverse shear force ORI Mid-span moment not governing ‘Support type C: The support moments, transverse shear forces and mid ‘span moments shall be determined in accordance with the rules of structural mechanics. 4.3 Verification at mid-span between supports ‘The following verifications for mid-span moments between vessel supports are only required if | Meisapan | > | Magen | 4.3.1 Vessels subject or not subject to internal pressure Proof of strength 4: | Magia | Kes = a Dov t a) vet if circumferential weld is located at point of calculation VaSVS1_ in accordance with AD 2000-Merkblatt B 9 i ‘an opening Is located at point of calculation Ku see Section 8 ‘The proof of stability for the pressurized section shall be made in accordance with (5] or 6) with p = 0.AD 2000-Merkblatt 708 2 2) RH Vessel without reinforcing plate — — — Vessel with reintorcing plate Fig. 3. Lpax for vessel on twin saddles sn so Mel 892.08 2004 ston Panes @ } ( 4 Mm ° ay A b het F, fa Fs Fr Fn Fig. 4. Beam model for calculation 4.3.2 Vessels subject to external pressure Proof of stability shall only be made for the pressurized sec- tion of the vessel under combined loading in accordance with {5} or (6), 5. Verification of cylinder load-carrying capacity in the saddle region It chall bo demonstrated that Fis min { Fecomi Fssam ) where Fong admissible support reaction force resulting trom loading in longitudinal diction (Location 2 in Fig.2) in accordance with equation (3) Fas admissible support reaction foree resulting from loading in circumferential direction (Location 3 in Fig.2) in accordance with eauetion (4) To determine the Faun the following parameters shall be calculated: 5.1 Allowable bending stress ‘The allowable local bending stress v,, shall be calculated in accordance with equation (2): Q y= {112 for the service condition with $ — 1,5 ** (1,0 forthe test and assembly conditions with S’ = 1,1 K, = Coetficient depending on 6, and 8. according 105.2.1.4 ‘mak, = ator |) = 0 (“3 %) 8 (1- 82) Ke ade (+30, 87 wed =o s(t 02) Itt, < 0, then d= | 0, | and the sign of #, shallbe reversed. ‘The service and test condition, the pressureless condition, with fling as well as the given assembly and special condi tions each shall be verified by way of calculation. 5.2. Verification of load-carrying capacity without stif- fening rings “The limit load shall be determined at location 2 (longitudinal direction) and location 3 (circumferential direction) ofthe sup- port region shown in Fig. 2. 5.21 Cylindrical shell without reinforcing plate 5.21.4 Proof of strength 7 Oa VD @) FoamTable 1. 0. and dy values for determining dy.» and dy.» 88 function of K; and Kz Location % ey oa 2 $ TKK Ko 80 O55) ° eS eemoguaton Fekete Sa tpg By RICKS Sectot nau anf Rie” Stetol dane fo armors a ess Bolom 9 Fun = 09° O.3: VO-O- eR (4) the following shall be verified oo del, IMI Fe (abyss a 200. 19 equation (2) and Table 1. by uM Fy * (aul ina | Hete K; shal be calculated with the oe So | quantties 1 and to Table 1 For p> Othen p = 0 shall be taken That value for 8 (0, OF 2 2) “his proof ofinteraction may be made in accordance with [2 9) shall be tken which leads [5] oF (6). Then, according to [6], clause 2.2.4.1 tho smaiiest value of oy. a ‘ om = |= | @) Lo-7OreFe Or ae Factors for 1,5 operational weight = distance to outermost fibres at the vessel bottom y= 203-3. /s = width of suppor Ore 2,718282-4- inf 5 : B= 0,91 ism { oa} 1-2,7182828 - cosp sin (0.5 84) mnax{ 17 an O55 1,45 - 0,43 5, ‘sin (05 3) -21.2 Proof of stablty ©) and y= }1,3. test conattion 1,15 assembly, special conditions. 5.2.2 Cylindrical shells with reinforcing plate 5.2.2.1 Simplified strongth caleulation Ifthe condition ba Ky D+ 1,56, is met, the verification shall be made according to equa- ‘won (8). F< 1.5 min (Fen: Foaan) Fryans Faaam according to 5.2.1.4 Ky -— 6-8-3, The proot of stably shall be made in accordance wih 5.2.1.2 in which case the thickness of the reinforcing plate ‘shall not be considered. @ 5.222 Proof of strength {tthe condition according to equation (8) has not been met, the verifications shall be made according to 6.2.1.1 for the following two cases: (1) The reinforcing plate shall be considered to be a support plate with the width bp and the included angle 8. In all equations and figures b, shall be replaced by B, and 3, by da. @ Is the wall thickness of the sll, the thickness Of the reinforcing plate shall not be considered. ‘The reinforcing plate shall be considered as reinforce: ment of the vessel wall. In all equations and figures © shall he replaced by the equivalent wall thickness,AD 2000-Merkblatt ‘The proof of stability shall be made in accordance with 5.2.1.2 in which case the reinforcing plate thickness shall not be considered. 5.3. Verification of load-carrying caps stiffening ring 5.3.4 For vessel wall 5.3.1.1 Subject or not subject to gauge pressure — Proof of strength pd BoP + tine Sf Gen according to 6.2.1.1, equation (5) — Proof of stability ‘According to 5.2.1.2 with p = 0 and F, ity with @ 0. 5.3.4.2 Under vacuum The verification shall be made according to 5.2.1.2 with F=0 Table 3. Cross-sectional dimensions of stifening rings 0.2000 Mat $32, 022004 ator Page T 5.3.2. Verification of stiffening ring It shall he camonstrated that Ky My-¥ O50 +a, (+) external rings Internal rings allowable bending moment from limit load to Table 3 with J, in accordance with equation (12) and ey in accordance with equation (11) according to Table 2 A (10) Vv _weld efficiency of welded joint on ring —beLo) + U- -64) % a) min (t+4VD- 0; A/ea) (12) where A, with t = ( value of f = area of the wolded ring t,t, by } from Table 3 where for f the respective 1, oF b, shall be taken. Cross-section of ring a =0 talrael gad (20-2 aye) +(eear ead tet) e 05 [2g onal +2 ag + (20-2 a + 4) oo sles eal Peat, gmt) (rot) ead tg ca) tee) tAD 2000-Merkblatt Table 2. Factor Ky. by 60: 4 90° at 20 120: 33 28 150° 58 50 180° 103 = ‘Suppor plate 1 " I = Normal shape woop (I! puts 1 - ree. DesignA Tt I det a) » i = Design B 1 9) b) Fig. 5. Forms of saddle supportAD 2000-Merkblatt Where sections are used that are not shown in Table 3, M shall be determined by means of equation (13) My=Mig-t «s) W, = plastic section modulus of cross-sectional area ofthe Section f include the area fy ~2y-The neutral ax to determine a separates the otal area int two porions of equa! magnitde 6 Verification of the load-carrying capacity of the saddle Principally the allowable forces are derived from the limitload ofthe vessel wall (see Section 5), The equations in Section 6 are approximate equations giving conservative results. They refer to saddle types A I; reference is made in the pertinent sections to the particularities of the other saddle types. 6.1. Allowable forces on the saddle ‘The verification is made according to equation (14). Fs min { Fasini Fossni Foam } Fag Stability of web plate acc. to equation (15) Feaam bending of saddle ace. to equation (16) Faaim bending of saddle plate acc. to equation (17) 6.1.1. Stability of web plate For the support types All and Blthe proof may be omitted. Fanan = a Ooty (15) (1a) ° by Fig. 6. 20 Kya Tm TTT) ° nr T \ 02% os [P| Fig. 7. Factor Kys 6.1.2 Bending of saddle support For support type & the proaf may be omitted. (16) Fig. 8. Bending of saddle support 6.1.3 Bending of saddle plate 14h, D-03- sin (0.5 5) Feo = max} 2f,+by +p sin (0,5 5,) 14 term = bending of web plate 26 term = tensile stress of shell IF, > Foy this does not mean that the limit load of the ‘saddle suppor is obtained because in that case yielding of the saddle plate will effect a redistribution of the forces. directly on the web piate. Section 5, however, assumes that FS Faery 7 7 Literature {1} British Standard 5500: . Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels - Appendices A and G' British Standards Institution, Richtinionkatalog Festigkelt RKF, Tell3, BR B 2: ,Behal- tor auf Sattellagom, 3rd edition 1981 Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH. ‘TGL 32903117, edition June 1982: ,Behalter und Appa- rate. Festigkeitsberechnung, Schalen bel Belastung durch Tragelemente" DIN 28080, edition January 1986: ,Saddle supports for horizontal vessels" DIN 18800 Parts 1-4, November 1990: , Steel construc- tions DASt Guideline 013, edition July 1980; ,Beulsicherheits- nachweise fir Schalen”. ej '3] 14] '5) 6AD 2000-Merkblatt age 10 AD 2000 Mats 17, 02200 eon 8 Diagrams 08 08 2 E SS ESS S \\\ T E Thlahlaatataalial PLUM Nir DOTS oily lun lili Tn 0 on a2 03 05 08 «=o? 8 % 10 hY | co Ell (20) (22) (24) (2.8) (28) (39) 132) Bay Gs) ea) o 02% SHC BB Factors Ka, Ke0.2000 92,02 200 won Page 1 — ® %0 o 0 6){°] 190 Fk Kay Ri » Bo v | ol sfah 4 bi 96 L os a ® 02 a 0 I a 02 Y cr oe feo )150° hac| [| o'| 6d o «6 Os »AD 2000-Merkblatt 10 Kio EX Factor KisAD 2000-Merkblatt so soot 2.0 tain oe D 2. 000 00 RSS &@ PAS xo 2» WE SS og FELUUUUUE UTE uF Bu Buleu LURE ro} ale o Factor Ki 2 = 1,6 — 0,20924 (x — 1) + 0,028702 x (x — 1) + 0,4795 - 10-9 y (x — 1) — 0,2391 - 10° xy (x - 1) — 0,29936 - 10° - (x — 1) x? ~ 0,85692 - 10 (x — 1) y? + 0,88174 - 10% x? (x - 1) y— 0,75955 - 10-8 y? (x — 1) x + 0,82748 - 10+ - (x — 1) x® + 0,48168 - 10° (x — 1) y> ya Owe hen man (zs 40) Equations to determine Ky_ 2p r w he} nek na oo n=6 Ine? =3 a2 ° i © 0) 02 03 Of 0 a gr 03 OK 0 0 Q2 a3 OK Os Fig. 9. Factor «4Publisher: <> erband der Technischen berwochongs erie E-Mail: essen@vdtuev.de htpu/heww.vetuev.de source of supply: cai Heymanns Verlag Luxemburger StraBe 449, D-50999 Kéin Telefax: 0221-9 43 73 603 E-Mai: verkaut@heymanns.com