Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
NOAA, 2015
Gordon Walker
Chair, Canadian Section
International Joint Commission
Project Team
Workgroup Members and Reviewers
J. David Allan*
University of Michigan Laura Johnson Heidelberg University
(Co-Chair)
Michael Murray*
National Wildlife Federation Pamela Joosse Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
(Co-Chair)
Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural
Tom Bruulsema International Plant Nutrition Institute Joe Kelpinski
Development
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Patricia Chambers Environment and Climate Change Canada Kevin King
Service
Anne Cook The Andersons Incorporated Andrea Kirkwood University of Ontario Institute of Technology
Irina Creed Western University Rebecca Muenich Arizona State University
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural
Steve Davis Jeff Ridal St. Lawrence River Institute of Environmental Sciences
Resources Conservation Service
Joe DePinto Independent Consultant Clare Robinson Western University
Brad Glasman Upper Thames River Conservation Authority Craig Stow National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate
Pradeep Goel Chris Winslow Ohio State University
Change
Bob Hecky University of Minnesota – Duluth Santina Wortman U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
IJC Staff: LimnoTech:
Matthew Child*, International Joint Commission (Great Lakes Regional Office) John Bratton, Noemi Barabas, Chelsie Boles, Brian Lord,
Glenn Benoy, International Joint Commission (Canadian Section) Dan Rucinski, Derek Schlea
Mark Gabriel, International Joint Commission (U.S. Section)
* Work group report authors
NOAA, 2017
Purpose of webinar:
◦ Review assessment of past, current and possible future nonpoint agricultural runoff of phosphorus
into western Lake Erie, and their potential to cause eutrophic conditions and harmful algal blooms
◦ Outline recommendations for additional research, monitoring and data needed to implement best management
actions to restore health of Lake Erie
• Assess magnitude and relative importance of two broad nutrient sources – commercial
fertilizer and manure – and influence of associated management practices on nutrient
loads and their impacts to the western Lake Erie basin (WLEB)
• Review land and nutrient management programs, current monitoring and modelling
efforts, and factors influencing nutrient loads to Lake Erie
Project team:
• IJC Science Priority Committee members, working group, and contractor (LimnoTech)
• Monitoring data are critical to diagnosing problems, tracking improvements, and calibrating
models
• There is need for improved integration of monitoring programs across jurisdictions, and
enhanced monitoring overall
Recommendations:
• Design and implement an integrated long-term monitoring network for water quality and
agricultural practices to support management decisions
• Develop stable funding mechanisms and institutional stewards for sustained, long-term
binational monitoring and data management
Modeling
• Models provide important insights that may not be
possible from field observations alone, and can simulate
future outcomes of management interventions
Recommendations:
• Integrate modeling work and monitoring networks with high-resolution surveys of changing
agricultural practices and watershed characteristics to support predictions
Tillage practices
Subsurface tile drains
Legacy P
Climate change
Others Factors
Tillage Practices
• Some type of conservation tillage (mulch tillage, seasonal no-tillage, or continuous
no-tillage) is in place on the majority (63%) of WLEB cropland
• Expansion of conservation tillage since the 1990s; while providing other benefits,
conservation tillage is considered a contributory factor to DRP export
• Tillage practices can affect P accumulation in the uppermost soil layer, and may
allow soil macropores to form linking soil surface to drain tiles
Recommendation:
Support research and monitoring into the implications of various tillage practices for P
accumulation at the soil surface and P transport through drain tiles, and to explore
potential new approaches to minimizing P losses associated with various tillage
practices
Subsurface Tile Drains
• Tile drains likely increase conveyance of P through subsurface pathways
Recommendation:
• Agencies collect and regularly update binational data set of
phosphorus soil data (including vertical stratification, with
consistent protocols for soil test phosphorus)
Climate Change
• Increased river discharge since the 1990s
contributes to current elevated TP and DRP
loads
Recommendation:
• Continue to evaluate climate change Monthly average precipitation for Ohio Region 1 (top) and Maumee River
discharge (bottom) for 1975-2013. (reprinted with permission from Stow et al.
impacts on P loads from rivers as a 2015. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society)
• Current efforts to improve P incorporation and minimize edge-of-field P loss may lead to
wider use of new management practices
Recommendations:
• Continue to promote 4R implementation and other approaches of nutrient
management, and expand efforts to evaluate effectiveness