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Q1. (a) Let h[n] be the unit impulse response of a Low Pass Filter with a cutoff
frequency wc, what type of filter has a unit sample response
g[n] = (–1)n h[n]. ? [4]
Solution :
Consider a Low Pass Filter with h[n]=(0.5)n u[n]
z
Then G ( z ) = POLE = 0.5
z − 0.5
g[n] = (–1)n h[n]
g[n] = (-1)n (0.5)n u[n] = (–0.5)n u[n]
z
By ZT, G ( z ) = POLE = – 0.5
z + 0.5
(i) At w=0, z=1
|H(w)|
|H(w)|=0.66 2
(ii) At w=π, z=–1
|H(w)|=2 0.66
0 π
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 2
The fourier series representation of a periodic sequence xp[n] with fundamental period
N is given by,
N −1 2πnk
∑ Ck e
j
xp[n] = N
, − ∞≤n ≤∞
k =0
Let Y(z)=Yzi(z)+Yzs(z)
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 3
Yzi ( z )
( z − 12 )
(ii) B = z
z= 1 == [ −5
4
]
2
3⎡ z ⎤ 5 ⎡ z ⎤
Yzi ( z ) = ⎢ ⎥ − ⎢ ⎥
8 ⎣ z − 14 ⎦ 4 ⎣ z − 12 ⎦
n n
3⎛ 1 ⎞ 5 ⎛1⎞
By IZT, y zi [n] = ⎜ ⎟ u[n] − ⎜ ⎟ u[n]
8⎝ 4⎠ 4 ⎝2⎠
Y ( z) A B
By PFE, zs = +
z z − 4 z − 12
1
Where
Yzs ( z )
( z − 14 )
(i) A = z z= 1 == [ −1 ]
4
Yzs ( z )
( z − 12 )
(ii) B = z
z= 1 == [ 2 ]
2
⎡ z ⎤ ⎡ z ⎤
Yzs ( z ) = (− 1) ⎢ ⎥ + 2 ⎢ 1⎥
⎣z − 4 ⎦ ⎣z − 2 ⎦
1
n n
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
By IZT, y zs [n] = − ⎜ ⎟ u[n] + 2 ⎜ ⎟ u[n]
⎝4⎠ ⎝2⎠
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 4
n n n n
3⎛ 1 ⎞ 5 ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
y[n] = ⎜ ⎟ u[n] − ⎜ ⎟ u[n] − ⎜ ⎟ u[n] + 2 ⎜ ⎟ u[n]
8⎝ 4⎠ 4 ⎝2⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝2⎠
−5⎛1⎞
n n
3 ⎛1⎞
y[n] = ⎜ ⎟ u[n] + ⎜ ⎟ u[n] ANS
8 ⎝4⎠ 4 ⎝2⎠
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(b) For following linear shift invariant systems, draw pole zero diagram and
identify the filter type based on pass band. [12]
Z −1 − a * 1 − z −4
(i) H ( z ) = where a < 1 (ii) H ( z ) = A
1 − a z −1 1 + a 4 z −4
Z −1 − a *
H ( z) = where a < 1
1 − a z −1
1 − a* z
H ( z) = Let a = 0.5
z−a
1 − 0.5* z 1 − 0.5 z
H ( z) = =
z − 0.5 z − 0.5
1 − 0.5 z
H ( z ) ==
z − 0.5
1. At w=0, z=1 |H(w)|
1
|H(w)|=1 Filter is ALL Pass Filter
2. At w=π, z=–1
|H(w)|=1 0 π
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 5
1 − z −4
H ( z) = A
1 + a 4 z −4
z4 −1
H ( z) = A Let a =0.5
z 4 + a4
ZEROS POLES
z −1 = 0 z + (0.5) = 0
4 4 4
Imaginary
z =1 z 4 = −(0.5)
4 4
j π2k jπ ( 2 k +1 )
Real
zk = e zk = (0.5)e 4
k=0 , z0 =1 k=0 , z0 = 0.5e
j π4
j π2
k=1, z1 = e k=1, z1 = 0.5e
j 34π
k=2, z2 = e jπ 5π
k=2, z2 = 0.5e j 4
j 32π
k=3, z3 = e j 74π
k=3, z3 = 0.5e
H ( w) =
e j 4w − 1
==
[cos(4w) − 1] + j [sin 4w)]
e + 0.0625
j 4w
[cos(4w) + 0.0625] + j [sin(4w)]
w |H(w)| φ
0 0 0 |H(w)|
0.2π 2.002 0.35 1
0.4π 1.151 -1.000
0.6π 1.151 1.000
0.8π 2.002 -0.353 0 π
π 0 0 Filter is
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 6
Q3. (a) Consider the following specifications for a Low Pass Filter.
0.99 ≤ ⏐H(e j w) ⏐ ≤ 1.01 for 0 ≤ w ≤ 0.3 π
⏐H(e j w) ⏐ ≤ 0.01 for 0.35 π ≤ w ≤ π
Design a Linear Phase FIR filter to meet these specifications using the
window design method. [10]
Solution :
20log(1.01)
1.01 20log(0.99)
0.99
20log(0.01)
0.01
0 0.5π 0.75π
0 0.3π
0.5 0.35π
0.75π π
3.14
N≥
0.175 − 0.15
N ≥125.6
Let N = 127 (odd)
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 7
(3) Calculate wc
wp + ws
wc = == 0.325π rad
2
--------------------------------------------------------
Step 1. Find Hd(w)
Let Hd(w) = | Hd(w) | φ(w)
1
⎧ 1 for − wc ≤ ω ≤ wc
Hd(ω) = ⎨
-π -wc 0 wc π ⎩ 0 otherwise
∴φ(w) = e−j α w
⎧⎪ e − j α w − wc ≤ ω ≤ wc
By substituting, H d ( w) = ⎨
⎪⎩ 0 otherwise
where α = 63 and wc = 0.325π
wc
1
hd [n] =
2π ∫
− wc
e j ( n −α ) w dw
wc
1 ⎡ e j ( n −α ) w ⎤
hd [n] = ⎢ (n − α ) j ⎥
2π ⎣ ⎦ − wc
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 8
1 ⎡ e j ( n − α ) w c − e − j ( n − α ) wc ⎤
hd [ n ] = ⎢ ⎥
π (n − α ) ⎣ 2j ⎦
w c sin( n − α ) w
h d [n ] = c
π (n − α )w c where α =63 and wc = 0.325π
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Step 3. Find h[n]
Linear phase FIR filter with impulse response h[n] is given by,
1.0 20 log(1.0)
20 log(0.9)
0.9
0.1 20 log(0.1)
0
0 0.1π 0.3π π
0 0.5ππ 0.3π
0.1 0.75π π
2 ⎛ wp ⎞ 2 ⎛ 0 .3 π ⎞
Ωp = tan ⎜ ⎟= tan ⎜ ⎟ = 1019.05 rad sec
T ⎝ 2 ⎠ 1 ⎝ 2 ⎠
1000
2 ⎛ ws ⎞ 2 ⎛ 0.1π ⎞
Ωs = tan ⎜ ⎟ = tan ⎜ ⎟ = 316.77 rad sec
T ⎝ 2 ⎠ 1 ⎝ 2 ⎠
1000
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 9
Let N=
Ooooooooooooooooooo
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Q4. (a) Consider the sequence x[n] = δ[n] + 2 δ[n-2] + δ[n-3]
(i) Find four point DFT of x[n]. [4]
(ii) If y[n] is four point circular convolution of x[n] with itself, find y[n] and
the four point DFT Y[k]. [4]
(iii) With h[n] = δ[n] + δ[n-1] + 2 δ[n-3] Find four point circular convolution of
x[n] with h[n]. [4]
X [ K ] = ⎡ wN
0 0
wN 0
wN wN0 ⎤ ⎡ x[ 0 ] ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢
⎢ wN w1N 2
wN 3
wN ⎥ ⎢ x[1] ⎥⎥
⎢ 0 6 ⎥
⎢ wN wN2 4
wN wN ⎥ ⎢ x[ 2 ] ⎥
⎢ wN
0
w3N 6
w9N ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ wN
⎣ x[ 3 ] ⎦
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 10
⎡ 1 1 1 1 ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤
⎢ 1 − j −1 j ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
X [k ] = ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 1 −1 1 −1 ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 j −1 − j ⎦ ⎣ 1 ⎦
⎡ 4 k =0 ⎤
⎢ −1 + j ⎥ ANS
X [k ] = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ −1 − j ⎦
y[ n ] = 1 ⎡ w N0 w N0 w N0 w N0 ⎤ ⎡ Y [0 ] ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ Y [1 ] ⎥⎥
N 0 −1 −2 −3
⎢ w w w w ⎥
N N N N ⎢
⎢ w 0
w −2
w −4
w −6 ⎥ ⎢ Y [2] ⎥
⎢ ⎥
N N N N
−3 −6 −9 ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
0
w N w N w N w N ⎣ Y [3] ⎦
⎡ 1 1 1 1 ⎤ ⎡ 16 k = 0⎤
1 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ − 2 j ⎥
⎢ 1 j −1 − j ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
y[n ] = 4
⎢ 1 −1 1 −1 ⎥ ⎢ 4 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 − j −1 j ⎦ ⎣ 2 j ⎦
⎡ 5 n = 0 ⎤
⎢ 4 ⎥ ANS
y[n ] = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 5 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution : Q4. (a) (iii) To find circular convolution of x[n] with h[n].
Given x[n] = δ[n] + 2 δ[n-2] + δ[n-3] = { 1 , 0, 2, 1 } Length L = 4
↑
y[ n ] = ⎡1 2 0 1 ⎤ ⎡1 ⎤ = ⎡2 n = 0⎤
⎢1 1 2 0 ⎥ ⎢0 ⎥ ⎢5 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ANS
⎢0 1 1 2 ⎥ ⎢2 ⎥ ⎢4 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣2 0 1 1 ⎦ ⎣1 ⎦ ⎣5 ⎦
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 11
(b) Explain the POLE ZERO locations for Type-I, Type-II, Type-III, and Type-IV
Linear Phase FIR filter. [8]
Solution :
Case-1 : When h[n] is Symmetric with N EVEN [ Type-2 Linear Phase Filter ]
⎛1⎞
H ( z ) = z −( N −1) H⎜ ⎟
⎝Z ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
H ( z ) = z − ODD H⎜ ⎟
⎝Z ⎠
(1) At Z = –1 w = π (2) At Z = 1 w = 0
Case-2 : When h[n] is Symmetric with N ODD [ Type-1 Linear Phase Filter ]
⎛1 ⎞
H ( z ) = z − ( N − 1) H⎜ ⎟
⎝Z ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
H (z) = z − EVEN H⎜ ⎟
⎝Z ⎠
(1) At Z = –1 w = π (2) At Z = 1 w = 0
Case-3 : When h[n] is Anti-Symmetric with N EVEN [ Type-4 Linear Phase Filter ]
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
H ( z ) = − z − ( N −1) H⎜ ⎟ H ( z ) = − z − ODD H⎜ ⎟
⎝Z⎠ ⎝Z ⎠
(1) At Z = –1 w = π (2) At Z = 1 w = 0
H (1) = − (1) −ODD H (1)
H (−1) = − (−1) −ODD H (− 1)
H (1) = − H (1)
H ( −1) = − ( −1) H (− 1)
H ( −1) = H (− 1)
So, H(1) = 0 H ( z ) z =1 = 0
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 12
Case-4 : When h[n] is Anti-Symmetric with N ODD [ Type-3 Linear Phase Filter ]
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
H ( z ) = − z − ( N −1) H⎜ ⎟ H ( z ) = − z − EVEN H⎜ ⎟
⎝Z⎠ ⎝Z⎠
(1) At Z = –1 w = π (2) At Z = 1 w = 0
1 − (α z ) −1 7 z–1
H ( z) = z–1
1 − α z −1 -α7
1 − α 7 z −7
H ( z) =
1 − α z −1
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 13
1 − α 7 z −7
H ( z) =
1 − α z −1
H ( z) = [1−α 7 −7
z ] ⎡⎢ 1 ⎤
⎥
⎣ 1−α z
−1
⎦
Let H ( z ) = H1 ( z ) H 2 ( z )
x[n] y[n]
z–1 z–1
z–1
α
z–1
z–1
z–1
z–1
z–1
-α7
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(b) Draw a lattice filter implementation for the all POLE filter. [10]
1
H ( z) =
1 − 0.2 z + 0.4 z −2 + 0.6 z −3
−1
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 14
(i) To find k3
A3(z) = 1 – 0.3z–1 + 0.4 z–2 + 0.6 z–3 ∴ k3 = 0.6
(ii) To find k2
A3 ( z ) − k3 B3 ( z )
A2 ( z ) =
1 − k32
A2 ( z ) =
(1 − 0.3z −1
) (
+ 0.4 z −2 + 0.6 z −3 − (0.6) 0.6 + 0.4 z −1 − 0.3 z −2 + z −3 )
1 − (0.6) 2
A1 ( z ) =
(1 − 0.0937 z −1
+ 0.625 z −2 ) − (0.625)(0.625 − 0.0937 z −1 + z −2 )
1 − (0.625) 2
A1 ( z ) = 1 − 0.0576 z −1 ∴ k1 = –0.0576
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B E EXTC D T S P MAY- 2007 15
Q6. (a) Determine 8 point DFT for a continuous time signal x[t]= sin(2πFt) with FS = 50
Hz using DIF algorithm. [10]
Solution :
x[t]= sin(2πFt) Let F=1 Hz
⎛ 2πn ⎞ ⎛ 2πn ⎞ ⎛ nπ ⎞
By sampling, x[n ] = sin ⎜ ⎟ = sin ⎜ ⎟ = sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ Fs ⎠ ⎝ 50 ⎠ ⎝ 25 ⎠
⎛ nπ ⎞
x[n ] == sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 25 ⎠
x[n ] == { 0, 0.1253, 0.2486, 0.3681, 0.4817,0.5877, 0.6845, 0.7705 }
↑
2π
N −1 −j
X [k ] = ∑ x[n] WNnk where (i) N = 8 (ii ) W N1 =e N
n =0
X[k] = X[0]+ X[1] WNk + X[2] WN2k + X[3] WN3k + X[4] WN4k + X[5]WN5k + X[6] WN6k + X[7] WN7k
X[k] = 0.1253 WNk + 0.2486 WN2k + 0.3681WN3k + 0.4817WN4k + 0.5877 WN5k + 0.6845 WN6k + 0.7705 WN7k
==================
k=0, X[0] = 3.2664
k=1, X[1] =0.1253 WN1 + 0.2486 WN2 + 0.3681WN3 + 0.4817WN4 + 0.5877 WN5 + 0.6845 WN6 + 0.7705 WN7
X[1] =
k=2, X[2] =0.1253 WN2 + 0.2486 WN4 + 0.3681WN6 + 0.4817WN8 + 0.5877 WN10 + 0.6845 WN12 + 0.7705 WN14
X[2] =
k=3, X[3] =0.1253 WN3 + 0.2486 WN6 + 0.3681WN9 + 0.4817WN12 + 0.5877 WN15 + 0.6845 WN18 + 0.7705 WN21
X[3] =
k=4, X[4] =0.1253 WN4 + 0.2486 WN8 + 0.3681WN12 + 0.4817WN16 +0.5877 WN20 + 0.6845 WN24+0.7705 WN28
X[4] =
k=5, X[5] =
k=6, X[6] =
k=7, X[7] =
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(b) With the help of block diagram, explain architecture of TMS320C5X series of
processor. [10] Soln : Refer DTSP-Dec-2004 Q7 (b)(i)
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Q7. (a) Explain the Goertzel Algorithm. [6] Soln : Refer DTSP-May-2005 Q7 (b)
(b) Write short note on applications of DCT. [6]
(c) Explain briefly any one method of long data filtering. [8]
Soln : Refer DTSP-May-2005 Q7 (c)
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