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Professional Process Safety Engineer

knowledge experience commitment

Standard for professional engineering


competence in process safety

ADVANCING
CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
WORLDWIDE
Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Contents

Foreword 3

Purpose 4

The Professional Process Safety standard 6

Education
9

Initial and continuing professional development 11

Professional behaviour 12

Help and advice 13

www.icheme.org
Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Professional process safety engineering is not just a job

– it is a mindset and a way of life.

Foreword

Professional engineers routinely use their judgement and experience to solve problems when the limits of
scientific knowledge or mathematics are evident. Their constant intent is to limit or eliminate risk. Their most
successful creations recognise human fallibility. Complexity is a constant companion. Nowhere is this more
important than in the field of process safety. The design and operation of high-hazard processes simply must be
robust, and to the very highest standards.
Individuals aspiring to be recognised as professional engineers need independent assessment of their
competence. Even for those whose reputation is secure, the process of registration offers a means to
demonstrate recognition by one’s peers, and an encouragement to others.
IChemE provides the means to achieve this professional recognition, in the context of process safety,
through the Professional Process Safety Register.

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

The purpose of the Professional Process


Safety Engineer standard
Process safety is focussed on the prevention of catastrophic accidents associated with loss of containment of
energy or chemicals hazardous to people and the environment. Effective process safety management requires
the application of engineering and management skills within a holistic, systematic approach to assuring the safe
design and integrity of operations.
The overarching purpose of this standard is to help organisations raise standards of process safety management
by defining competences expected of a professional process safety engineer.
This standard describes the value of becoming registered as a process safety professional. It describes the
requirements that have to be met for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration, and gives examples of
ways of doing this. This standard will enable individuals and employers to find out whether they or their staff can
meet the requirements, and explains the steps necessary to achieve registered professional engineers. Registrants
carry many responsibilities, including the need to observe a professional code of conduct. These are described
here, together with advice on how to maintain registration.
IChemE is a global professional membership and qualifying body for the chemical engineering profession.
Established in 1922 to advance chemical engineering for the benefit of society at large, a primary aspect of
IChemE’s work is maintenance of various professional memberships and registrations in support of the profession.
Its members are drawn from a multitude of industry sectors, academic institutions and other stakeholders.
Many of IChemE’s members operate in high-hazard industries and IChemE is fortunate to have within its
membership considerable expertise in the field of process safety. IChemE recognises the paramount importance
and need for competence in process safety and has therefore developed this standard to help fulfill its societal
obligations worldwide.
This document sets out the threshold generic competence standards for Professional Process Safety Engineer
registration and includes illustrations of the kind of evidence which would help demonstrate these competences.
To satisfy requirements for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration, candidates will need to be able to
demonstrate through peer review that they can:
■■ provide satisfactory evidence of competence in each of the defined competence areas
■■ demonstrate technical leadership in, preferably, several of these competencies
■■ demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how they have integrated these competencies to
provide effective process safety management

What is competence?
Professional competence integrates knowledge, education and training to enable progression to be
understanding, skills and values. It goes beyond the recognised, although this may vary in nature.
ability to perform specific tasks. The formation process
Process safety professionals, like many engineering
through which engineering professionals in the field of
professionals, can register with IChemE following
process safety become competent generally involves
presentation and peer review of their competencies
a combination of formal education and further training
and qualifications, and successful demonstration
and experience (generally known as professional
of a personal and professional commitment to their
development). These different elements are not
profession. This standard describes these threshold
necessarily separate or sequential, and they may not
competencies.
always be formally structured.

Career development Why register?


Professional registration has many benefits for
IChemE’s registrants include Chartered Engineers,
individuals and employers, as well as for the economy
Incorporated Engineers and Engineering Technicians.
and society.
The competencies of each of them are often needed
within an engineering team. Achievement of Registration sets professionals apart from those
professional registration that assures competence is who are not registered. It establishes their proven
valuable recognition in its own right. Life-long learning knowledge, understanding and competence. In
and career development may also enable individuals particular, registration demonstrates a commitment
to progress within the registration structure. Evidence to professional standards, and to developing and
of competence is the key requirement for progression, enhancing competence. Professional registration gives
and normally there will be a need for additional an edge to candidates applying for technical positions

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

in the field of process safety. Professional Process requirements, and the availability of experienced
Safety Engineer registration also links process safety assessors.
practitioners into IChemE, which, as a recognised and
The process of assessment starts with an online
international professional engineering institution, offers
application made in accordance with the requirements
significant resources in the field of process safety.
of IChemE. Any claim of qualifications, experience
These provide professional development opportunities
or training will need to be validated by provision of
and access to expert networks within the field.
formal, documented evidence. In submitting details,
Resources include regular specialist publications, web-
applicants will need to show how this relates to the
based facilities, access to process safety training, and
required competencies.
opportunities to network with colleagues with similar
professional interests.
Employers of registered process safety professionals
Assessment
benefit through the assurance of knowing that their To become registered, applicants must have their
employees have had their competence independently competence assessed through professional review.
assessed, their credentials verified, and their The assessment is made by practising process safety
commitment to continuing professional development professionals, trained in this kind of assessment, who
established. These employees will have gained the currently hold Professional Process Safety Engineer
recognition of their peers as meeting recognised registration. Applicants are assessed against the
international standards for knowledge and experience. competence standards described in this document.
Maintaining registration ensures that they are exposed
to new developments in their profession, and provides A formal interview with two assessors always forms
numerous opportunities to benefit from these. It a part of the process and, following a review of the
means that, as professionals, they are governed by a documented evidence, IChemE will decide whether
professional code of conduct, and receive reminders the applicant is ready for this. IChemE will be able to
and assistance in determining their obligations under advise how best to present evidence of training and
this code. experience. Where deficiencies emerge IChemE will
usually be able to suggest ways in which they can be
Registration is also a regular reminder of their addressed (although this may involve further training
professional standing and their obligations to society. or additional experience). On completion of the
Some employers use the competence framework professional review, a decision will be made by the
offered by registration as a basis for their own appropriate professional formation forum. A positive
organisational needs, and rely on achievement of decision will result in Professional Process Safety
registration to demonstrate readiness for promotion. Engineer registration of the candidate and membership
of IChemE in the relevant grade. Retention of the
In some cases, evidence of employing registered
title will require continued membership of IChemE,
engineering professionals will be necessary for the
sustained commitment to continuing professional
award of contracts. Professional Process Safety
development and revalidation.
Engineer registration with IChemE may prove helpful in
tendering for work and for applying for process safety IChemE will maintain robust and effective systems,
roles. including procedures to deal fairly and openly with
contested registration and membership decisions.
How to register Applicants may, however, appeal against the decision
of IChemE’s professional formation forum.
Professional Process Safety Engineer registration is
open to everyone who can demonstrate competence
to perform professional process safety work to the
International recognition
necessary standards, and commitment to: The standing of professionally-qualified, registered
engineers is recognised around the world and in some
■■ maintain their competence
cases qualifications are required for particular work.
■■ work within professional codes IChemE engages closely with stakeholders of the
chemical engineering profession worldwide to promote
■■ participate actively within the profession.
professionalism, sharing of good practice, and to
Candidates who believe they measure up to this increase recognition of engineering professionals.
standard, or who wish to work towards Professional
Many employers in the process engineering and
Process Safety Engineer registration, should consult
related sectors, in design and in production, operate
www.icheme.org to obtain further details of how
multi-nationally. It is anticipated that qualifying
to apply for registration. The assessment process –
individuals will take up the Professional Process Safety
known as a ‘professional review’ – normally takes from
Engineer registration from around the world.
two to four months, depending on the extent to which
education and training is found to meet the standard’s The register is recognised by Engineering Council.
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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

The Professional Process Safety Engineer


standard
Professional Engineers are characterised by Engineers are variously engaged in technical and
their ability to develop appropriate solutions to commercial leadership and possess effective
engineering problems, using new or existing interpersonal skills.
technologies, through innovation, creativity and
IChemE utilises the Engineering Council’s UK-
change. They develop and apply new technologies,
SPEC standard for determination of Chartered
promote advanced designs and design methods,
Chemical Engineer status and registration. UK-
introduce new and more efficient production
SPEC exemplifies the core, generic competencies
techniques, marketing and construction concepts,
expected of a professional engineer. These will need
or pioneer new engineering services and
to be demonstrated by any prospective registrant
management methods. Professional (or Chartered)
Professional Process Safety Engineer.

The UK-SPEC competence standard:



Professional Chartered Engineers
A Use a combination of general and specialist engineering knowledge and understanding to
optimise the application of existing and emerging technology.

A1 Maintain and extend a sound theoretical approach in enabling introduction and exploitation
of n
ew and advancing technology and other relevant developments.
A2 Engage in the creative and innovative development of engineering technology and
continuous improvement systems.

B Apply appropriate theoretical and practical methods to the analysis and solution of
engineering problems.
B1 Identify potential projects and opportunities.
B2 Conduct appropriate research, and undertake design and development of engineering
solutions
B3 Implement design solutions, and evaluate their effectiveness.

C Provide technical and commercial leadership.


C1 Plan for effective project implementation.
C2 Plan, budget, organise, direct and control tasks, people and resources.

D Demonstrate effective interpersonal skills.


D1 Communicate in English with others at all levels.
D2 Present and discuss proposals.

E Demonstrate a personal commitment to professional standards, recognising obligations to


society, the profession and the environment.
E1 Comply with relevant codes of conduct.
E2 Manage and apply safe systems of work.
E3 Undertake engineering activities in a way that contributes to sustainable development.
E4 Carry out continuing professional development necessary to maintain and enhance
competence in their own area of practice.

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Professional Engineers operating in the field of applicant wishing to attain the Professional Process
process safety are further characterised by their Safety Engineer registration through the submission
ability to develop and apply appropriate process safety of evidence within a formal report covering all
solutions to technical engineering problems, using new sections A through E, below. This report is called the
or existing technologies, through innovation, creativity Competence & Commitment (Process Safety) Report.
and change.
As well as demonstration of a broad knowledge
The Professional Process Safety Engineer standard of process safety principles and their application,
exemplifies core competencies for professional practitioners will be expected to demonstrate technical
practitioners in the field of process safety. These leadership in one of more of these areas, with
competencies must be demonstrated by any knowledge of how they relate to process safety as a
whole.

The IChemE competence and commitment standard for Professional


Process Safety Engineers:
Standard Guidance
Professional Process Safety Engineer Examples of activities which could demonstrate that
registrants, in design, in operations you have achieved the Professional Process Safety
or in other relevant fields, must be Engineer criteria
competent throughout their working life,
by virtue of their education, training and
experience, to:
A: Ably apply knowledge and
understanding of technical process
safety to practical engineering
situations and ably apply
appropriate theoretical and practical
methods to the analysis and solution
of process safety problems.
A1 Hazard identification
Able to identify hazards using recognised hazard Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
identification techniques. of relevant techniques which, non exhaustively, could
include HAZID, FMEA, and HAZOP…

A2 Assessment of consequences
Able to assess hazard consequences using Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
recognised consequence modelling techniques. of relevant techniques which, non-exhaustively,
could include fire and explosion hazard analysis; flare
calculation; occupied building analysis; and escape
and evacuation…

A3 Control of hazards
Able to assess and implement safeguards appropriate Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
for the hazard being considered in an operations or of controlling hazards which, non-exhaustively, could
design environment. include: inherent safety in design and operations;
control of ignition; safe handling of dangerous
chemicals; active and passive fire protection;
managing residual risk through safe operations; and
human factors engineering…

A4 Risk assessment
Able to undertake risk assessment to determine Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
whether safeguards are adequate to mitigate of relevant topics which, non-exhaustively, could
hazards. include QRA; SIL; LOPA; fault tree; event tree; human
factors engineering; and management of change…

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

B: Ably handle the wider implications of


work as a process safety practitioner
B1 Understanding and application of
relevant Regulations
Able to demonstrate effective understanding and Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
application of regulations appropriate to the industry of relevant regulations which could, non-
and geographical area(s) in which the engineer exhaustively, include: NORSOK; API; UK-HSE; ATEX;
practises. OSHA; DSEAR; and COSHH…

B2 Protection of the public


Able to demonstrate understanding and application Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
of process safety principles in reducing public risk. of relevant topics which, non-exhaustively, could
include QRA for third-party risk and land use
planning, and stakeholder communication…

B3 Incident investigation
Able to demonstrate understanding and experience Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
of incident investigation and implementation of of relevant incident investigations which, non-
lessons learned. exhaustively, could include: integration of lessons
learned; root cause analysis; and occupied buildings
analysis…

B4 Emergency planning
Able to demonstrate understanding and experience Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
in defining emergency actions for hazards of relevant regulations topics which, non-
identified. exhaustively, could include integration of escape and
evacuation risk analysis; TR integrity; and emergency
evacuation procedures…

C: Ably provide effective process safety


leadership and communication
C1 Process safety management
Able to demonstrate understanding and personal Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
experience of process safety management. of PSM leadership which, non-exhaustively,
could include topics such as process safety KPIs;
monitoring process safety performance and
organisational factor; safety and environmental
management system design, and auditing…

C2 Influencing process safety culture


Able to demonstrate direct influence of process Evidence could be drawn from personal experience
safety culture during professional practice. of influencing process safety culture(s); auditing;
sharing lessons learned; training; development of
safe working practices; and operating procedures…

D: Ably demonstrate personal Evidence could be drawn from personal experience


commitment to high standards of of commitment to high standards of conduct…
professional conduct related to
process safety recognising
obligations to society, the profession
and the environment.
E: Ably demonstrate effective Evidence should include a report of CPD already
continuing professional undertaken with a description of benefits received as
well as a gap analysis of future CPD intentions and
development
plans to maintain personal awareness of current best
practice in process safety…

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Education
Knowledge and understanding of process safety are A description of an exemplifying IChemE-accredited
important components of professional competence. Masters-level programme is provided in Appendix
Formal education is the desirable, though not only, A for illustrative purposes. It provides an example of
way of demonstrating the necessary underpinning an exemplifying educational content, with respect to,
formation of knowledge and understanding. knowledge and understanding of process safety for
Professional Process Safety Engineer registration.
In the case of process safety there is limited provision
and access to degree, or postgraduate, level education Whilst some applying for Professional Process
in the field. IChemE has, however, specified the Safety Engineer registration may have acquired
desirable content and level of learning outcomes from their knowledge and understanding through an
a comprehensive formal programme of studies in exemplifying, formal academic programme of study,
process safety. In general terms such a programme of the majority will have developed their knowledge
studies would encompass learning in areas that would and understanding through training, practice and
include: sources of chemical hazards and their impact; private study over a number of years. Professional
hazard assessment tools; risk assessment; failure Process Safety Engineer registration is open to all
analysis tools; hazard and operability studies; safe professional practitioners in process safety, engineers
approaches to design and operation; the role of human (and scientists) who can demonstrate knowledge and
error and behaviour; safety management systems understanding as well as professional competencies
(SMS); safety implications of computer-controlled and in all cases they will be required to demonstrate
plant; emergency planning; and regulatory frameworks their ability to apply the knowledge gained.
for major hazards.
Because of this diversity of ways in which the
underpinning knowledge and understanding of
process safety can be attained there are three routes
to registration.

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Routes to registration:

Route 1 – Professional Engineer path Route 3 – Integrated career appraisal path for
for individuals working in the field of process safety individuals working in the field of process safety who
who are already qualified, and currently registered are not already qualified and currently registered
as professional (or Chartered) engineers from a engineers from a professional engineering institution
professional engineering institution or qualifying body or qualifying body approved by IChemE, nor hold an
approved by IChemE. exemplifying, or assessed by IChemE as equivalent,
academic formation in process safety.
A professional engineering registration automatically
assures that these individuals have adequate They must first present evidence in the form of a
engineering academic formation (at minimum detailed technical report of their knowledge and
equivalent to the Washington Accord threshold understanding on three aspects of process safety
standard) and that they have been through an demonstrating their technical understanding of
adequate peer review of engineering competence. engineering and process safety principles in lieu
of formal academic and professional formation in
For Professional Process Safety Engineer registration
engineering and process safety.
individuals must also demonstrate through their
peer review assessment with IChemE that they: have For Professional Process Safety Engineer registration
acquired sufficient knowledge and understanding of individuals must also demonstrate through their
process safety; hold a current role of responsibility in peer review assessment that they: hold a current
the field of process safety; have extended experience role of responsibility in the field of process safety;
in a role, or roles, carrying responsibility in process have extended experience in a role, or roles, carrying
safety (in most cases such experience will take several responsibility in process safety (in most cases such
years to acquire); demonstrate having attended a experience will take several years to acquire); hold
portfolio of relevant process safety training: and engineering or science academic qualifications at
demonstrate that they are competent versus the Bachelors level or combination of qualifications
standard. assessed as equivalent to Bachelors-level outcomes;
demonstrate having attended a portfolio of
Route 2 – Exemplifying academic formation path
relevant process safety training, (such as IChemE’s
for individuals working in the field of process safety
Fundamentals of Process Safety programme); and
who are not already qualified nor currently registered
demonstrate that they are competent versus the
engineers from a professional engineering institution or
standard.
qualifying body approved by IChemE but who do hold
an exemplifying, or assessed by IChemE as equivalent,
academic formation in process safety.
Applicants should consult www.icheme.org for advice
For Professional Process Safety Engineer registration on the most appropriate path.
individuals must also demonstrate through their peer
review assessment with IChemE that they: hold a
current role of responsibility in the field of process
safety; have extended experience in a role, or roles,
carrying responsibility in process safety (in most cases
such experience will take several years to acquire);
hold engineering or science academic qualifications
at Bachelors level or combination of qualifications
assessed as equivalent to Bachelors level outcomes;
and demonstrate that they are competent versus the
standard.

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Initial and continuing professional development


Professional development Maintaining competence

This is the key part of developing competence. It is Candidates applying for Professional Process Safety
how potential professional engineers learn to apply Engineer registration will be required to show reflective
their knowledge and understanding and begin to evidence that they have taken planned steps to ensure
apply professional judgement. This can happen at the that their competence is maintained, and that they
same time as some of the formal education referred plan to continue to do this. This is an important part of
to previously, for example through an industrial recognition as a process safety professional.
placement during a higher education course, or IChemE requires Professional Process Safety
alongside part-time study. Engineer registrants to actively maintain CPD and
Larger employers run well-established graduate to have records reviewed every five years to retain
training and development schemes in the field of Professional Process Safety Engineerregistration.
process safety. While these schemes are, of course, It is important that anyone seeking registration
geared to the specific needs of their organisations, they recognises that this will entail obligations and an
are frequently designed to help graduates on their way ongoing commitment.
to registration and may have been accredited by one or
more engineering institution.
Other employers may not have schemes of this type.
Process safety professionals in such employment
will need to develop profiles of competence and
professional activity to help them prepare for
Professional Process Safety Engineer registration.
In some cases employers will use competence
frameworks in determining job descriptions and
staff development, even without a formal scheme,
and these may assist in developing a competence
profile. Otherwise aspiring Professional Process Safety
Engineer registrants should use the competence and
commitment statements and seek advice and guidance
from IChemE, which may be able to put them in touch
with a mentor to assist them through the process and
help them address any gaps in their development
versus the standard.
Those seeking Professional Process Safety Engineer
registration should maintain a detailed record of their
development, responsibilities and experience, verified
by superiors or mentors, to provide evidence for the
professional review.

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Professional behaviour

Professional Process Safety Engineer registrants are, *Note: The Royal Academy of Engineering and the Engineering
Council, working with a number of UK professional engineering
as a minimum, expected to be members of IChemE institutions, published in 2007 a Statement of Ethical Principles. The
and observe the requirements of IChemE’s Code of statement sets a standard to which members of the engineering
Professional Conduct. This code places a personal profession should aspire in their working habits and relationships. The
values on which it is based should apply in every situation in which
obligation on its members to act with integrity and
professional engineers exercise their judgement. See www.engc.org.
in the public interest. It is worded in such a way as uk/EthicalPrinciples.
to encourage Professional Process Safety Engineer
registrants to act in accordance with ethical principles.*

Professional code of conduct


IChemE’s Code of Professional Conduct obliges its members to:

1. Prevent avoidable danger to health or safety.

2. Prevent avoidable adverse impact on the environment.

3. (i) Maintain their competence.

(ii) Undertake only professional tasks for which they are competent.

(iii) Disclose relevant limitations of competence.

4. (i) Accept appropriate responsibility for work carried out under their supervision.

(ii) Treat subordinates fairly and without bias.

(iii) Encourage others to advance their learning and competence.

5. (i) Avoid where possible real or perceived conflict of interest.

(ii) Advise affected parties when such conflicts arise.

6. Observe the proper duties of confidentiality owed to appropriate parties.

7. Reject bribery and other corrupt practices.

8. Assess relevant risks and liability, and, if appropriate, hold professional indemnity insurance.

9. Notify IChemE if convicted of a criminal offence or upon becoming bankrupt or disqualified as a company
director.

10. Notify IChemE of any significant violation of IChemE’s Code of Professional Conduct by another member.

11. Be mindful at all times of the dignity of the profession in their personal conduct.

IChemE is obliged to respond to allegations of infringement of the code and may suspend or remove membership
and registration if proven. IChemE therefore maintains an appropriate disciplinary process to deal with breaches
of its Code of Professional Conduct.

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Help and advice

Guidance notes for individuals wishing to apply for registration are available at www.icheme.org
Further help and advice on membership, or education and training issues in process safety may be obtained from
IChemE at www.icheme.org or through the IChemE Safety Centre www.icheme.org/safetycentre
If additional advice is required contact IChemE’s membership department through
ppse@icheme.org or via the contact details given on the back of this document.

www.icheme.org
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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Appendix A

Description of an exemplifying IChemE-accredited degree


programme having approved learning outcomes in process safety and
loss prevention

Risk assessment and criteria setting


Hazard assessment tools: safety legislation; qualitative risk assessment; terminology; project life cycle; past
incident lessons learnt; safety management systems; introduction to hazard identification; HAZOP; fault tree
analysis; event tree analysis; risk predictions; average fatal risk; risk contours; and fatal accident rate.

Design for safe handling of industrial chemicals


Sources of ignition; dust explosions; electrostatic ignition; overview of design for fire and explosions; safe
handling of LPG; inerting and flammability diagrams; pressure relief systems; assessment and prevention of
runaway reactions; relief piping and disposal systems; environmental protection management and auditing;
environmental harm indices; environmental risk assessment; occupational medicine; occupational exposure and
biological monitoring; control of substances hazardous to health; and workplace exposure to biological agents.

Hazards in process plant design and operation


Mechanical failure; tutorial calculations in fracture mechanics; corrosion; maintenance management to avoid
failures; data-gathering systems and fault diagnosis; classification of hazardous areas; Chemical Agents Directive;
Explosive Atmospheres Directive (ATEX 137), Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres (DSEAR);
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH); and inherent safety.

Human error and behaviour


Human factors; human and system-induced error; rules, procedures and violations; learning lessons from
accidents; addressing systematic causes of accidents; communication and shift hand-over; consensus-based
approach to risk management; task error assessment methods; and human error quantification.

Hazard and operability study (HAZOP)


The HAZOP technique; place of HAZOP in risk management; HAZOP study reporting; HAZOP application to
processes; the psychology of perception; information required; documentation generated; management of
HAZOP studies; and non-process applications of HAZOP.

Process safety management and loss prevention


Risk assessment and land use planning; RISKPLOT; management measures to prevent major accidents (MAPP)
and (SMS), SMS and COMAH safety reports; successful health and safety management; lessons from losses in
high-hazard industries; insuring major chemical hazards; the need to manage safely; policy, organisation and
safety culture; how to audit effectively; risk ranking techniques; and integrating risk assessments and safety
management.

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Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

Major hazards and emergency planning


Past incidents, OSHA, COMAH, and Seveso II; consequence analysis; major accident hazards to the environment;
source terms; predictive models and typical incidents; toxicity, thermal radiation and overpressure; Aspects of
off-shore emergency planning and (Prevention of Fire & Explosion & Emergency Response) regulations; Aspects
of emergency planning for major chemical hazards; preparing on-site and off-site emergency plans; emergency
exercises and drills; emergency plans for the chemical industry; risk assessment; and transportation of dangerous
goods.

Computer control and safe practice


Computers – what they are and how they can go wrong; hazards in computer control; modelling systems;
principles of safe computer control; IEC 61508 / 61511; establishing integrity levels for safety; sneak analysis; life
cycle specifications; towards safer industrial computer-controlled systems; HAZAPS; and PES checklists.

Process plant reliability and maintainability


Availability; reliability block diagrams; reliability; maintainability; RAM improvement; RAM requirements; tools
that can be used to improve RAM; failure; how to analyse and interpret failure data; and fault detection and failure
location.

Provided by courtesy of Sheffield University, UK

www.icheme.org 15
IChemE offices
Global headquarters
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New Zealand
+64 (4) 473 4398
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London – UK
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IChemE is a registered charity in England and Wales, and a charity registered in Scotland (SC 039661)
www.icheme.org

0753_12 launch edition April 2013

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