Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks

G421P13, summer semester, 2/1 hours, 3-4th year

2. Carbonates I. –
mineralogy, components,
structures, sedimentary
environments

Karel Martínek
Institute of Geology and Palaeontology
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mineralogy
calcite (low Mg, high Mg), aragonite, dolomite

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components
ooids, pisoids, peloids, aggregates, intraclasts, bioclasts, algae, stromatolites, carbonate
mud, Folk`s classification (1962)

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study of ultrastructures – to better identify particular bioclasts

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biomineralization

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structures
teepee, hardgrounds, birdseyes, palaeocarst, structural classification
(Dunham 1962)

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sedimentary environments
microfacies concept (Wilson 1975, Flügel 1972, 1982, 2004)

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continental - lacustrine, pedogenesis, calcretes

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marine - carbonate platforms: rimmed shelf (bioherms, carb. reefs), ramps

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intertidal - supratidal

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lagoonal carbonates

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intertidal – subtidal
sand bars
carb. shelf

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pelagic - CCD

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cyclicity

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Milankovitch Orbital Cyclicity
MILANKOVITCH ORBITAL CYCLE S

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24.5
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E) Eccentricity
E) Eccentricity Cycle:
Cycle:
404 kyr
413 Kyr "400 Kyr "
124 kyr
123 Kyr
"100 Kyr "
95 Kyr
95 kyr
O) Obliquity
O) Obliquity Cycle:
Cycle:
56 Kyr54 kyr
41 Ky41r kyr "40 Kyr "

29Cycle:
P) Precession kyr P
P) Axial
23 KyrPrecession Cycle:
"21 Kyr "
19 Ky23r kyr
19 kyr

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interplay of Milankovitch cycles
driven glacioeustacy and basin
subsidence

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Reading:
M.E.Tucker: Sedimentary petrology. 3rd ed. Blackwell, 2001(2003).
M.E.Tucker&V.P.Wright: Carbonate Sedimentology. Blackwell, 1994.
P.A.Scholle et al. (eds): Carbonate depositional environments. AAPG
Memoir 33, 1983.
Bathurst R.G.C. (1979): Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis.
Developments in sedimentology 12, Elsevier, Amsterodam.

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