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Pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are released in large
quantities by petroleum refineries. These emissions can cause respiratory
problems and also permanent lung damage.
Q10. What is CFCs
Ans. CFCs or chlorofluorocarbons are synthetic products that contain carbon,
chlorine and fluorine. They were formerly used as a refrigerant and as
a propellant in aerosol or air sprays.
CFCs contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer that protects us from
the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
When the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases, they trap more
heat from the sun and also from the earth’s surface. As a result, the atmosphere
becomes warmer. This is called global warming.
Q12. What are the Consequences of Global warming
Ans. Due to global warming Glaciers and polar ice caps has started which has
resulted in a rise in the global sea level. Due to global warming change in rain
pattern takes place. Global warming brings in various deadly diseases like
dengue, malaria and yellow fever to man kind. As it provides bacteria and
viruses environment favorable for their growth.
Q13. What are the Measures to check global warming
Ans. Minimize use of fossil fuels such as wood, coal, petrol and LPG.
etc.Planting more trees as they release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide gas in
the atmosphere.Minimize the use of automobiles. Minimize the use of personal
vehicles by using public transport systems.For the generation of electricity use
renewable resources like wind and water in the place of fossil fuels.Stop the use
of plastics. Instead of plastics use recyclable materials.
Q14. What are the Steps to prevent air pollution
Ans. Use of fuels like CNG and unleaded
petrol in automobiles.Switching to alternative fuels, like solar energy,
hydropower and wind energy.Planting trees.Travelling to school on a bicycle or
on public transport or car pooling.Avoiding the burning of
leaves, trash and vegetable matter.Restricting cigarette smoking.
Q15. Write the Significance of oxygen
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Ans. It is an essential constituent of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and nucleic
acids. Oxygen is found in air, in combined form as carbon dioxide, and in the
earth’s crust as carbonates, sulphates and nitrates. Plants and animals use
atmospheric oxygen during respiration and release the same
during photosynthesis. Fossil fuels require oxygen for combustion.
The ozone layer is present in stratosphere, one of the layers of the atmosphere.
Each molecule of ozone is made up of three oxygen atoms. The ozone layer
prevents harmful radiations from reaching the earth’s surface, where they might
damage life forms.
Q16. Describe the Preparation of oxygen
Ans. By heating mercuric oxide: On heating mercuric oxide decomposes to give
Mercury and oxygen. 2HgO → 2Hg + O2
i. By heating potassium nitrate
Salts rich in oxygen, such as nitrates, and permanganates on heating
decomposes to yields oxygen.
2KNO3 → 2KNO2 + O2
Potassium Δ Potassium Dioxygen
nitrate nitrate
2NaNO3 → 2NaNO2 + O2
Sodium Δ Sodium Dioxygen
nitrate nitrate
Q17. Explain the Laboratory synthesis of oxygen
Ans. Oxygen is made in the laboratory by using manganese dioxide and 20 %
of hydrogen peroxide solution. Take manganese dioxide in a clean conical flask.
Fix a 2 holed stopper to the conical flask.
Insert a thistle funnel through 1 hole and a delivery tube through another hole.
Connect the other end of the delivery tube to beehive shell placed in a trough of
water. Place a glass cylinder filled with water in an inverted position over the
beehive shell.
Add 20% of H2O2 through thistle funnel. Oxygen is collected by downward
displacement of water.
i. Chemical equation: 2H2O2 MnO 2 → 2H2O + O2
Q18. Write the Physical properties
Ans. Oxygen is a colorless, tasteless and odorless gas. It is slightly heavier than
air. It is slightly soluble in water .This small quantity of dissolved oxygen is just
sufficient to support marine and aquatic life. It can be liquefied under pressure to
a pale blue liquid by compressing the gas at 90 K. It can also be solidified into a
bluish white solid at 55K.
Q19. What are the Chemical properties of oxygen
Ans. Chemical properties of oxygen
i. Combustibility
It is an incombustible gas. But it is a supporter of combustion.
Air
ii. Action with litmus
It is neutral in character. It does not affect both red and blue litmus papers.
iii. Action with sulphur
Sulphur burn in the presence of oxygen with a brilliant blue flame and
form sulphur dioxide.S + O2 → SO2
iv. Sulphur dioxide turns moist blue litmus to red. Since, sulphur dioxide
reacts with water and form sulphurous acid.SO2 + H2O → H2SO3
v. Action with carbon
Carbon burn in the presence of oxygen to give an acidic oxide called
carbon dioxide.C+O2 → CO2Carbon dioxide turns moist blue litmus to
red. Since, Carbon dioxide reacts with water and form Carbonic acid
O2 +H2O → H2CO3 CO2 turns lime water to milky due to the formation of
calcium carbonate. Ca(OH)2 +CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O.
vi. Phosphorous burn in the presence of oxygen with dazzling white flame to
give an acidic oxide called phosphorous pentoxide.
vii. 4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5.
viii. Reaction with metals Oxygen is a very reactive element and reacts
directly with nearly all metals. It does not react directly with some metals
like gold and platinum, and some noble gases like helium, neon and
argon.Most metals burn in dioxygen and form oxides that are mostly basic
in nature.
CO2 Reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium carbonate. Excess carbon
dioxide produces sodium bicarbonate.
CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 → 2NaHCO3
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CO2 Reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate and water.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O