EEET2304

Electrical Plant
Trimester 1, 2013

EXAM COVER SHEET

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EXAMINATION DETAILS
Course Code: EEET2304
Course Description: Electrical Plant
Date of exam: 02/12/2013 Start time of exam: p.m. Duration of exam: 2hr 15min
Total number of pages (incl. this cover sheet): 7
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1. Write your full name and student number on each exam booklet together with the number of exam books used.

2. Students must not write, mark in any way any exam materials, read any other text other than the exam paper or
do any calculations during reading time.

3. All mobile phones must be switched off and placed under your desk. You are in breach of exam conditions if it
is on your person (ie. pocket).

4. This is a CLOSED BOOK Exam.

5. Commence each question on a new page. Carry out the instructions on the front cover of the exam script book
and the front of this exam paper.

6. Calculators are allowed.

7. Bi-lingual dictionaries are not allowed.

8. Answer FIVE questions out of SIX

9. Total marks available is 100

10. If you are uncertain about aspects of a question, state your assumptions in your answer.

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 EEET2304
Electrical Plant
Trimester 1, 2013

Q1. A 415V 50Hz three phase supply energises a balanced star-connected load through a three
phase feeder with a per-phase series impedance of Z line = (0.165 + j 0.413) Ω . A power meter
at the source end of the feeder measures the power delivered to the feeder-load combination
as 23.3 kW at a lagging power factor of 0.9 .
1.a. Calculate the magnitude of the supply line current in the feeder. [4 marks]
1.b. Calculate the real and reactive power delivered to the load, and hence determine the line
to line voltage that is developed at the load end of the feeder. [6 marks]

A delta-connected capacitor bank is connected across the supply at the source end of the
feeder, so as to improve the power factor of the feeder-load combination.
1.c. Determine the capacitor value required to ensure that the power factor as seen by the
supply is unity. [5 marks]
1.d. Calculate the overall power factor of the feeder-load combination if the capacitor bank
is accidentally connected in star rather than delta. [5 marks]

Total Marks for Question 1 = 20 marks

Q2. Open and short circuit characterisation tests have been carried out on a 480V/160V, 24kVA
single phase transformer. Measurements of the real power, voltage and current were taken on
the primary winding of the transformer, as detailed in Table I.

V I P
Open Circuit Test 480 V 5.208 A 1.5 kW
Short Circuit Test 19.35 V 50 A 480 W
Table I : Transformer Characterisation Data.

2.a. Determine the circuit parameters for the equivalent circuit of the single phase
transformer, based on the characterisation data given above. [6 marks]
2.b. Convert the transformer circuit parameters into per unit impedance quantities, using the
transformer ratings as base quantities. [4 marks]
2.c. Calculate the required primary voltage to supply a secondary side load with rated
voltage and power, for a lagging power factor condition of 0.95. [5 marks]
2.d. Calculate the transformer efficiency for the loading condition described in part 2.c.
[5 marks]

Total Marks for Question 2 = 20 marks

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 EEET2304
Electrical Plant
Trimester 1, 2013

Q3. Open circuit characterisation tests have been performed on a DC machine at a rotational speed
of 1500rpm, as detailed in the table below:
Field Current If , (A) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
Generated Backemf Ea, (V) 0 80 160 230 278 324 360 388 410 442 460 480 492 502 506

The field winding resistance of the DC motor has been measured as 100Ω. When the machine
is operating under no load conditions as a separately excited motor fed from a 400V supply
with a 1.1A armature current and a 2.0A field current, the motor speed is 1350 rpm.

3.a. Using the no load operating characteristics, calculate the armature resistance and
rotational losses for the motor. [5 marks]

The machine is now loaded such that the rotational speed droops to 1221.7 rpm.

3.b. Calculate the mechanical output power of the motor for this loading condition, assuming
that the rotational losses are the same as for part (a). [5 marks]
3.c. Determine the motor efficiency for this loading condition, taking into account all motor
losses. [5 marks]
3.d. Determine the DC supply voltage that would be required to be applied to the armature
winding to restore the motor operating speed to 1500rpm. Assume that the field current
remains constant at 2.0A, and that the armature current remains the same as for part (b).
[5 marks]

Total Marks for Question 3 = 20 marks

Q4.
4.a. What are the four operating conditions that must be satisfied before a synchronous
machine can be synchronised to an electrical grid? [4 marks]
4.b. A three phase Y-connected cylindrical rotor synchronous generator is operating into a
grid at its rated l-l voltage of 6000V, with a rated stator current of 200A at a 0.8 lagging
power factor. If the generator has a synchronous reactance of Xs = 10 Ω/phase and
negligible stator winding resistance, find:
4.b.i The real and reactive power flow into the grid. [4 marks]
4.b.ii The internal back-emf Eo. [3 marks]
4.b.iii The machine torque angle δ (in electrical degrees). [3 marks]
4.c. Calculate the new torque angle, stator current and machine power factor that will be
achieved if the field excitation is changed to reduce the generator internal back-emf to
6000V l-l, while delivering the same real power to the grid. Sketch a phasor diagram for
this condition. [6 marks]

Total Marks for Question 4 = 20 marks

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 EEET2304
Electrical Plant
Trimester 1, 2013

Q5. Figure 1 shows an ideal Delta-Wye transformer with a turns ratio N P : N S that steps down
from a 3.3kV (line-to-line) source to produce a 415V (line-to-line) 50Hz three phase supply.
The transformer feeds a balanced load with a per-phase resistance of 10 Ω .

Figure 1

5.a. Draw the EMF-phasor diagram for the transformer (showing the phase and line-to-line
voltages for the primary and secondary sides), and hence determine the phase shift
between the transformer primary and secondary voltages. [6 marks]
5.b. Determine the transformer turns ratio needed to achieve the 3.3kV : 415V step down
ratio, and hence calculate the primary side supply line current (i.e. IA). [4 marks]

The secondary side load is now replaced with a single phase resistor with the value R = 10 Ω ,
placed between the a-phase terminal and the star point of the secondary winding of the
transformer.
5.c. Calculate the magnitudes of the primary side winding currents (i.e. I AB, I BC , I CA ) and the
primary side line currents (i.e. I A, I B, I C ) that would be required to maintain mmf-
balance within the transformer. [6 marks]
5.d. Under these unbalanced conditions, describe qualitatively how the transformer operation
would be affected by mmf-unbalance if the primary winding of the transformer was
Wye connected without a neutral connection to the primary side star-point. [4 marks]

Total Marks for Question 5 = 20 marks

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 EEET2304
Electrical Plant
Trimester 1, 2013

Q6. Figure 2 below shows the per-phase approximate equivalent circuit of a three phase induction
motor.

Figure 2
6.a. Identify and explain the physical significance of each of the circuit parameters shown in
Fig. 2 (i.e. X o , Ro , X 1 , R1 , X 2' , R2' and R2' (1 − S ) S ). [7 marks]

A 4-pole three phase star-connected induction motor is energised from a three phase
415V (line to line) 50Hz supply. The induction motor equivalent circuit parameters are:
X o = 54Ω Ro = 76Ω X 1 = 0.45Ω R1 = 0.25Ω X 2' = 0.35Ω R2' = 0.2Ω
The induction motor is loaded mechanically such that the motor speed droops to 1440 rpm . At
this speed the motor rotational losses are known to be 665W .
6.b. Determine the rotational speed of the magnetic field relative to both the stator and rotor
frames of reference. Hence calculate the relative slip that the induction motor is
operating at for the loading condition described above. [3 marks]
6.c. Calculate the output mechanical power delivered to the load, and the corresponding
torque developed on the induction motor shaft. [6 marks]
6.d. Determine the supply line to line voltage and the excitation frequency required to
achieve a rotor speed of 1140 rpm with the motor producing the same electromagnetic
torque as for the case considered in 3.b and 3.c. [Hint : Recall that for variable speed
operation absolute slip is unchanged for the same electromagnetic torque]. [4 marks]

Total Marks for Question 6 = 20 marks

______________End of Questions________________

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FORMULA LIST FOLLOWS
 EEET2304
Electrical Plant
Trimester 1, 2013

EEET2263 Examination Formula Sheet

AC Circuit Theory
1
V =RI V = j ωL I V= I V =Z⋅I
j ωC

P = VI cos θ Q = VI sin θ S = VI = P2 + Q2 pf = P S

Three Phase AC Networks

Va = V∠0 o Vb = V∠ − 120 o Vc = V∠ + 120 o Ia + Ib + Ic = 0
P3φ = 3V L I L cos θ Q3φ = 3V L I L sin θ
(
W1 = V L I L cos θ + 30 o ) (
W2 = V L I L cos θ − 30 o )
P3φ = W1 + W2 Q3φ = 3 (W2 − W1 )

Star-Delta Transform

Z AB Z CA Z AZ B + Z B ZC + ZC Z A
ZA = Z AB =
Z AB + Z BC + Z CA ZC
Z AB Z BC Z Z + Z B ZC + ZC Z A
ZB = Z BC = A B
Z AB + Z BC + Z CA ZA
Z CA Z BC Z Z + Z B ZC + ZC Z A
ZC = Z CA = A B
Z AB + Z BC + Z CA ZB
Z λ (equiv) = Z ∆ Z ∆ (equiv) = 3Z λ
3
Magnetic Circuit Theory and Transformers
dφ µ ANi N 2µ A N 2
v(t ) = N
Ni l
H ⋅ l = Ni B = µH φ= = ℜ= L= =
dt l ℜ µA l ℜ
2
ωN V1 N1 I1 N 2 1 N 
V = φ m = 4.44 fNφ m = =a = = Z1 =  1  Z 2 = a 2 Z 2
2 V2 N 2 I 2 N1 a  N2 

V1∠δ = V2' ∠0 0 + I 2' ∠ − θ ⋅ Z eq (

V1 cos δ = V2' + I 2' Req cosθ + X eq sin θ )
(
V1 sin δ = I 2' X eq cosθ − Req sin θ )

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FORMULA LIST FOLLOWS
 EEET2304
Electrical Plant
Trimester 1, 2013

V1 − V2' (
I 2' Req cosθ + X eq sin θ ) η=
V2 I 2 cosθ
ε=
V2'
≈
V2' ( ) 2 ( )2
V2 I 2 cosθ + I 2' Req + V1
Ro
DC Machines
( )
φ = f If ≈kf If E a = kφω T = kφI a Va = E a ± I a Ra ω=
Va
−
Ra
( )
T
kφ f kφ f 2
Vdc I a E a I a − Prot
η gen = η motor = E a I a = Tω
2 2
Vdc I a + I f R f + I a Ra + Prot E a I a + I a 2 Ra + I f 2 R f

Induction Machines

s= s
ω − ωr
(
Z t ≈ R12 + X 1 + X 2 ' )2 τ e(start) ≈
p 3V12 R2 '
(R1 + R2 ' )2 + (X 1 + X 2 ' )2
;
ωs 2 ωs

τe =
Pmech
=
p Pmech p 3
=
2
I 2 ' R2 '
(1 − s ) = p 3 I ' 2 R2 '
ω mech 2 ωr 2 ωr 2 ωs
2
s s
2
p 3V1 sR2 '
τe ≈
1 (
2 1 2)
2 ω s sR + R ' 2 + s 2 X + X ' ( )
2

R2 '
R ' p 3V12 Zt
sτ max ≈ = 2 τ e (max) ≈
( ) 2 ωs
(R1 + Z t )2 + (X 1 + X 2 ' )
2 Zt 2
R12 + X 1 + X 2 '
Pmech − Pv P
η= ≈ mech = (1 − s ) ;
Pr + Po + 3I12 R1 Pr

Synchronous Machines
ω N p n
E o = elec k wφ m = 4.44 f elec Nk wφ m = 4.44 Nk wφ m
2 2 60

Eo = V g + I s Z s ≈ V g + j I s X s E o cos δ = V g + I s X s sin θ E o sin δ = I s X s cos θ

~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Cylindrical Rotor:
jE o E (cos δ − j sin δ ) jE 2 E E sin δ  E E cos δ E 2 
P + jQ = − = o + j o − 
Xs Xs Xs  X X 
 s s 
Salient Pole:
E E sin δ E 2 sin 2δ
P= o
Xd
+
2X d X q
Xd − Xq ( )

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