Steering System

MUHAMMAD USAMA KHAN

13ME03
 What is Steering system?
S TEE RI NG SY STE M I S A COL LE CT ION O F CO M PO NE NT S, LI NK AGE S , E TC . WHI C H W ILL
AL LO W A V E HI C L E TO F O L LO W T HE DE S I RE D C O U RS E .

 I T HE L PS I N S W I N G I N G T HE W HE E L S TO T HE L E F T O R RI G HT.

 I T CON VE RT S T HE ROTARY MOV EME NT O F T HE S TEE RIN G W HEE L IN TO AN

AN G U L AR T U RN O F T HE F RO N T W HE E L S .

 I T M ULT I PLI ES T HE E FFO RT OF T HE DRIVE R BY LE VE RAGE I N O RDE R TO M AKE IT

FAI RLY E AS Y TO T U RN T HE W HE E L S .

 I T ABSO RBS A M AJO R PART O F T HE RO AD S HOCK S T HERE BY PREV EN TI NG T HEM

TO G E T T RAN S M I T TE D TO T HE HAN DS O F T HE DRI V E R .
 Components of the steering system
• STEERING WHEEL :- A wheel turned by the driver of a motor vehicle, ship, etc when he
or she wants to change the direction of the vehicle or ship.

• STEERING COLUMN :- A shaft connecting the steering wheel to the steering gear
assembly. It is also called steering shaft.

• STEERING GEAR (GEAR BOX) :- The gear mounted on the lower end of the steering
column, that are used to multiply the driver turning force. It converts the rotary motion
of the steering wheel into the straight line motion.

• STEERING LINKAGE :- The system that connects the steering wheel to the front wheel
and allows the wheel to change direction in response to command from driver.

• TIE RODS :- Connects the rack with the steering Knuckle.

• PINION GEAR :- Rotated by the steering wheel and steering shaft, it’s teeth mesh with the teeth
on the rack.

• RACK :- Long steel bar with the teeth along one section, slides sideways as the pinion gear turns.

• GEAR HOUSING :-It Holds the pinion gear and rack.

• PITMAN ARM :- Transfers gearbox motion to the steering linkage. Pitman arm is
splinted to the gearbox.

• CENTER LINK ROD(RELAY ROD) :-Steel bar connects right and left side of steering
linkage. Connects to pitman arm, tie rod and idler arm.

• IDLER ARM :- Supports the end of the Centre link on the passenger side of the
Vehicle. Bolts to the vehicle frame.
Worm-and-Sector Gearbox Worm-and-Roller Gearbox

Recirculating Ball Gearbox

Power Steering
 Power steering has two types of device for steering effort one type is a hydraulic device
utilizing engine power. The other type utilizes an electric motor. For the former, the engine
is used to drive a pump. For the latter, an independent electric motor in the front luggage
compartment is used to drive the pump. Both develop fluid pressure, and this pressure
acts on a piston within the power cylinder so that the pinion assists the rack effort. The
amount of this assistance depends on the extent of pressure acting on the piston.
Therefore, if more steering force is required, the pressure must be raised. The variation in
the fluid pressure is accomplished by a control valve which is linked to the steering main
shaft.

 Power steering greatly reduces the effort needed to turn the wheels of a car especially
with front drive cars, the extra weight and effort can be too much for many drivers.
Although not a major concern at highways speeds, low speed turning and manoeuvring are
much easier to do. Most power steering systems provide less and less boost the faster you
go.
 Hydraulic Power Steering - Most power steering systems work by using a hydraulic
system to steer the vehicle’s wheels. The hydraulic pressure typically comes from a rotary
vane pump driven by the vehicle’s engine. A double acting hydraulic cylinder applies a
force to steering gear which in turn steer the road wheel. The steering wheel operates
valve to control flow to the cylinder.

 Electric Power Steering - Electric power steering uses the electric motor to assist the
driver of a vehicle. Sensors detect the position and torque of the steering column and
computer module applies assistive torque via the motor, which connects to either the
steering gear or steering column.
Steering Ratio
The steering ratio is the ratio of the number of
degrees of turn of the steering wheel to the
number of degrees the wheel(s) turn as a
result.
In most passenger cars, the ratio is between
12:1 and 20:1. For example, if one complete
turn of the steering wheel, 360 degrees,
causes the wheels to turn 24 degrees, the
ratio is then 360:24 = 15:1.
THANK YOU