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3
An electrical circuit
Switch Resistor
Capacitor
V source
An electrical circuit
Dissipates energy in the form of heat
Switch Resistor
Capacitor
V source
An electrical circuit
Switch Resistor
Capacitor
V source
Switch Resistor
Inductor
Capacitor
V source
Inductor
• A two terminal device that can store energy in the form of
magnetic field
• Shows its true characteristics only when a change in current is
applied
• The Inductance of an Inductor is measured in Henry (H)
Symbol
8
Inductor - Applications
• Motors
• Transformers
• Filters
• Sensors
• Oscillators
• etc…
9
Magnetic field Same area
Flux lines
Soft iron
11
Magnetic field of a conductor
conductor
Steel
I
(b)
(a)
Force Work
Energy
Induced
Magnetic field E.M.F
Flux (Φ) and density (B)
17
Force, work, energy
Conductor
Φ
18
Force, work, energy
N
Conductor
19
Force, work, energy
N
Conductor
Induced force
Φ
20
Side view
N l S
Conductor
Induced force
Φ
Force (F) ∝ flux density (B) × current (I) × length (l) → newtons
21
Mechanical work
N
Conductor Induced force
Force (F) d
22
Mechanical work
Front view Side view
N
Conductor
d
Force (F)
d
S l
23
Electrical energy Work done = Fd = BIld (J)
N
Conductor
d
Force (F)
d
S l
N
Conductor
d
Force (F)
d
S l
N
Conductor
d
Force (F)
d
S l
Φ (Wb)
Induced E.M.F (E)=
t (𝑠)
dΦ
Induced E.M.F (E) in a conductor =
dt 26
Faraday’s law
• If we move a conductor in a magnetic field, a
voltage is induced across the conductor
• If the conductor has N turns, the induced E.M.F
(E):
dΦ
E=N
dt
27
Induced E.M.F
Can be found using,
a) Fleming’s right-hand rule
b) Lenz’s law
28
Lenz’s law
• An induced effect will always oppose the cause
that produced it
+
Induced
E.M.F
-
30
Inductance (L) of a coil
• Is related to the change in flux due to change in current through
the coil
dΦ (1)
L=N
dI
Since, dΦ (2)
E=N
dt
Form 1 and 2,
dI
E=L
dt 31