Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Realice una labor de investigación y realice su propio diccionario tanto en inglés como en español,
con el objetivo de enriquecer y ampliar el vocabulario que será empleado durante su proceso de
formación. Los términos seleccionados se listan a continuación:
Algoritmo cuantitativos: Son aquellos en los que se utilizan cálculos numéricos para definir
los pasos del proceso De igual forma estos tipos de algoritmos describen tres partes
esenciales
Análisis del problema: El análisis del problema define la naturaleza, el alcance, las causas y
las consecuencias específicos del tema de la campaña para determinar el mejor modo de
abordar esa cuestión y qué que puede cambiarse.
Diseño del algoritmo: Consiste en planear y especificar la estrategia que se seguirá para
alcanzar la solución de un problema. El producto de esta fase es un documento que detalle
los pasos que posteriormente se convertirán en programas
Documentación: ciencia que consiste en documentar, ésta se encuentra identificada por el
procesamiento de información que otorgará datos específicos sobre un tema determinado;
de acuerdo a esto puede identificarse como una técnica instrumental y auxiliar, para lograr
informar a numerosas personas sobre un tema en específico. Un documento no es más que
un texto redactado que tienen la finalidad de servir de soporte para el relato de una
circunstancia, también se puede describir como una carta que contenga datos que deben ser
identificados para comprobar una información; de acuerdo al criterio con el que es
redactado el documento puede clasificarse en: documentos textuales, estos son redactados
o realizados en un papel y documentos no textuales, los cuales emplean un soporte diferente
al papel para plasmar los datos que se deseen publicar (pendrive, grabación, video, etc.)
Dispositivos de salida: Los dispositivos de salida son aquellos que reciben información de la
computadora, su función es eminentemente receptora y por ende están imposibilitados para
enviar información.
Las Variables son aquéllas que pueden modificar su valor durante la ejecución de un
programa (idem).
Memoria RAM: Recibe el nombre de memoria principal o memoria del usuario, en ella se
almacena información solo mientras la computadora está encendida. Cuando se apaga o
arranca nuevamente la computadora, la información se pierde, por lo que se dice que la
memoria RAM es una memoria volátil.
Memoria ROM: Es una memoria estática que no puede cambiar, la computadora puede leer
los datos almacenados en la memoria ROM, pero no se pueden introducir datos en ella, o
cambiar los datos que ahí se encuentran; por lo que se dice que esta memoria es de solo
lectura. Los datos de la memoria ROM están grabados en forma permanente y son
introducidos por el fabricante de la computadora
Memoria auxiliar (externa): Es donde se almacenan todos los programas o datos que el
usuario desee. Los dispositivos de almacenamiento o memorias auxiliares más comúnmente
utilizados son: cintas magnéticas y discos magnéticos
Lenguaje de alto nivel: Lenguaje de alto nivel se refiere al nivel más alto de abstracción de
lenguaje de máquina. En lugar de tratar con registros, direcciones de memoria y las pilas de
llamadas, lenguajes de alto nivel se refieren a las variables, matrices, objetos, aritmética
compleja o expresiones booleanas, subrutinas y funciones, bucles, hilos, cierres y otros
conceptos de informática abstracta, con un enfoque en la facilidad de uso sobre la eficiencia
óptima del programa.
Operadores y operandos: Son elementos que relacionan de forma diferente, los valores de
una o más variables y/o constantes. Es decir, los operadores nos permiten manipular
valores.
Tipos de datos: Un tipo de datos es la propiedad de un valor que determina su dominio (qué
valores puede tomar), qué operaciones se le pueden aplicar y cómo es representado
internamente por el computador. Todos los valores que aparecen en un programa tienen un
tipo.
Técnicas de diseño top down y bottom up: son estrategias de procesamiento de información
características de las ciencias de la información, especialmente en lo relativo al software. Por
extensión se aplican también a otras ciencias sociales y exactas
En el modelo top-down se formula un resumen del sistema, sin especificar detalles. Cada
parte del sistema se refina diseñando con mayor detalle. Cada parte nueva es entonces
redefinida, cada vez con mayor detalle, hasta que la especificación completa es lo
suficientemente detallada para validar el modelo. El modelo top-down se diseña con
frecuencia con la ayuda de "cajas negras" que hacen más fácil cumplir requisitos aunque
estas cajas negras no expliquen en detalle los componentes individuales.
Unidad de control: La unidad de control es la parte de la CPU que realmente hace que las
cosas ocurran. La unidad de control emite señales de control (ordenes) externas a la CPU
para producir el intercambio de datos con la memoria y los módulos de E/S. También emite
señales de control internas para transferir datos entre registros, hacer que la ALU ejecute
una función concreta y regular otras operaciones internas.
INGLES
• Qualitative algorithms: An algorithm is qualitative when numerical calculations are not involved
in its steps or instructions. Instructions for putting together a model airplane, to develop a physical
activity or to find a treasure
• Quantitative Algorithm: They are those in which numerical calculations are used to define the
steps of the process
• Problem analysis: The problem analysis defines the nature, scope, causes, and specific
consequences of the campaign theme to determine how best to address the issue and what can be
changed.
• Coding: It is the transformation of the formulation of a message through the rules or norms of a
predetermined code or language. Any operation involving the assignment of a symbol or character
value to a given verbal or non-verbal message for the purpose of transmitting it to other individuals
or entities sharing the code.
• Algorithm design: It consists of planning and specifying the strategy that will be followed to reach
the solution of a problem. The product of this phase is a document detailing the steps that will
subsequently become programs
•Input devices: It is any peripheral (computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and
control signals to an information processing system.
Input devices: Output devices are those that receive information from the computer, its
function is eminently receptive and therefore are unable to send information.
• Expressions: It's a statement of something to make you understand. It may be a locution, a gesture
or a bodily movement. The expression allows to express feelings or ideas: when the act of expressing
transcends the subject's intimacy, it becomes a message that the sender transmits to a receiver
A constant is one that does not change value during program execution (or checking for an algorithm
in this case). It is represented as described for each category.
Variables are those that can modify their value during the execution of a program (idem).
• Internal Memory: The CPU uses the computer's memory to store information while working with
it; while this information remains in memory, the computer can access it directly. This internally
built memory is called RAM random access memory. The internal memory consists of two memory
areas:
•RAM: It receives the name of main memory or memory of the user, it stores information only while
the computer is on. When the computer is turned off or on again, the information is lost, so it is said
that the RAM is a volatile memory.
•ROM memory: It is a static memory that can not change, the computer can read the data stored
in the ROM, but you can not enter data in it, or change the data that is there; so it is said that this
memory is read only. The ROM data is permanently recorded and entered by the computer
manufacturer
• Auxiliary memory (external): It is where all the programs or data that the user wants are stored.
The most commonly used auxiliary storage devices are: magnetic tapes and magnetic disks
• Maintenance: Refers to the set of actions that aim to maintain an article or restore it to a state in
which the same can deploy the required function or those that had been deployed until the moment
it was damaged, should have suffered a break that did that needs the pertinent maintenance and
settlement.
• Programming language: Is a formal language designed to perform processes that can be carried
out by machines such as computers. It is formed by a set of symbols and syntactic and semantic
rules that define its structure and the meaning of its elements and expressions.
• Machine language: Is a code that is interpreted directly by the microprocessor. The language
consists of a set of instructions executed in sequence (with possible changes of flow caused by the
program itself or external events) that represent actions that the machine can take.
• Low-level language (assembler): A low-level feature programming language is one in which its
instructions exert a direct control over the hardware and are conditioned by the physical structure
of the computers that support it. The use of the word low in its name does not imply that the
language is less powerful than a high level language, but refers to the reduced abstraction between
language and hardware. For example, this type of language is used to program critical tasks of
operating systems, real-time applications or device drivers.
• Low level language (assembler): A low level programming language is one in which its instructions
exert a direct control over the hardware and are conditioned by the physical structure of the
computers that support it. The use of the word low in its name does not imply that the language is
less powerful than a high level language, but refers to the reduced abstraction between language
and hardware. For example, this type of language is used to program critical tasks of operating
systems, real-time applications or device drivers.
• High level language: High level language refers to the highest level of machine language
abstraction. Instead of dealing with registers, memory addresses and call stacks, high-level
languages refer to variables, matrices, objects, complex arithmetic or Boolean expressions,
subroutines and functions, loops, threads, locks, and other computing concepts abstract, with a
focus on ease of use over optimal program efficiency.
• Graphical algorithmic languages: It is the graphical representation of the operations that makes
an algorithm also called flow diagram. The flow diagram is characterized by the detailed form as
graphically represents the steps to follow to find the solution of the proposed problem.
• Non-graphic language: This object of learning is framed in topic 6 of the subject of Materials
Design, in this subject we study the visual media. However, the multimedia image can be found in
different examination questions, referring to other means.
• Operators and operands: They are elements that relate in a different way, the values of one or
more variables and / or constants. That is, operators allow us to manipulate values.
• Pseudocode: In computer science, and numerical analysis, pseudocode (or false language) is a
compact and informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or
other algorithm.
• Testing and debugging: Coding and design practices help you create quality programs and must
be followed by thorough testing of programs. You have to pay special attention to the test phase of
development so that:
Your program is fully operational after the least possible number of test runs, minimizing the time
and cost of program development.
Your program meets all design goals before embarking on production work.
Your program includes enough feedback to allow those who use and maintain the program to
perform tasks without additional help.
• Data types: A data type is the property of a value that determines its domain (what values it can
take), what operations can be applied to it and how it is represented internally by the computer. All
values that appear in a program have a type.
• Top down and bottom up: design techniques are information processing strategies that are
characteristic of the information sciences, especially in software. By extension they also apply to
other social and exact sciences
In the top-down model a system summary is formulated, without specifying details. Each part of the
system is refined by designing in more detail. Each new part is then redefined, in greater detail, until
the complete specification is sufficiently detailed to validate the model. The top-down model is
often designed with the help of "black boxes" that make it easier to meet requirements even if these
black boxes do not explain in detail the individual components.
• Central processing unit (cpu): The central processing unit (CPU) is the hardware inside a computer
or other programmable devices, which interprets the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic operations
• Control unit: The control unit is the part of the CPU that actually makes things happen. The control
unit emits control signals (commands) external to the CPU to produce data exchange with memory
and I / O modules. It also emits internal control signals to transfer data between registers, to cause
the ALU to perform a specific function and to regulate other internal operations.
• Arithmetic-logic unit: In computing, the logical arithmetic unit or arithmetic-logic unit, also known
as ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), is a digital circuit that calculates arithmetic operations (such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.). .) And logical operations (yes, and, or, not) between
values (usually one or two)