HW Packet / Unit 6

HW #6.1
1. Provide everyday examples in which a chemical reaction is used to produce:
a. heat b. mechanical energy c. electrical energy
2. State the Law of Conservation of Energy.
3. Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy.
4. What type of energy does a chemical compound have?
5. When gasoline is burned in a car engine, its chemical potential energy is
converted into other forms of energy. Name three.
6. What kind of energy conversion takes place in a toaster?
7. What kind of energy conversion takes place in a hair dryer?

HW #6.2
1. What are the two common units of heat energy?
2. In each of the following pairs of energy units, which is larger?
a. calorie or kilocalorie b. calorie or joule
3. Convert each of the following:
a. 225 cal to kcal b. 6.283 kJ to J c. 25.0 cal to J
d. 115 kcal to kJ e. 1500 J to kcal
4. What is specific heat capacity?
5. a. Which has a higher specific heat capacity, water or glass?
b. What does this tell you about how well each of these substances absorbs
and loses heat energy?
6. What is a temperature reading from a mercury thermometer really measuring?

HW #6.3
1. How much heat energy (kcal) does 32.0 g of water absorb when it is heated
from 25.0 *C to 80.0 *C?
2. If 500. cal of heat energy is added to 100. g of water, what would the
temperature change for the water be in *C?
3. It is found that 0.214 kcal is required to raise the temperature of 40.0 g of iron
from 10.0 to 60.0 *C. What is the specific heat capacity of iron, in calories per
gram per degree Celsius?
4. When 435 J of heat is added to 3.4 g of olive oil at 21 *C, the temperature
increases to 85 *C. What is the specific heat capacity of olive oil?
5. Two different substances (with the same mass) are heated until the
temperatures of both increase by 20 *C. Which absorbs the most energy to
reach the new temperature, the substance with the higher or lower specific
heat capacity? Explain.
6. The human body is approximately 60% water by weight. Explain how this
water helps us survive when the weather is extremely cold.
7. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 68.0 g of tin (C p =
0.222 J/g x *C) from 25.0 *C to 80.0 *C?
8. Glass, which is mostly SiO2, is not a good insulator. How much energy does
a 1400 g pane of glass lose as it cools from a room temperature of 25 *C to
an outside temperature of 5.0 *C (Cp for glass = 0.12 cal/g x *C)?

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9. The swimming pool at Optimist Park, which is approx. 25.0 m by 50.0 m, is
filled to a depth of 2.00 m with water at a temperature of 20.5 *C. How much
energy is required to raise the temperature of the water to a more comfortable
30.0 *C? (To find the mass of water in the pool remember that 1cm 3 = 1mL
and dwater = 1.00 g/mL)

Answers:
1. 1.76 kcal 4. 2.0 J/g x *C
2. 5.00 *C 7. 830. J
3. 0.107 cal/g x *C 8. -3.4 kcal

HW #6.4
1. A 20.0 g sample of a candy bar is burned in a bomb calorimeter. The
calorimeter contains 2225 mL of water and the temperature of the water rises
from 19.5 to 58.9 *C. How many food “Cal” (a.k.a. kcal) would be in the whole
candy bar (60.0 g)?
2. A blacksmith heated an iron bar to 1445 *C. The blacksmith then tempered
the metal by dropping it into 25 L of water that had a temperature of 21 *C.
The final temperature of the system was 52 *C. If iron has a specific heat
capacity of 0.45 J/g x *C, what was the mass of the iron bar?
3. A diet drink has an energy content of only 6.0 “Cal”. How many grams of room
temperature (22.0 *C) water could be heated to boiling (100.0 *C) with this
amount of heat energy?
4. Suppose you consumed five glasses (250. g each) of ice water (0 *C) on a
hot summer day. If your body temperature is 37 *C, how many calories of
heat energy will your body supply to warm this water to body temperature?
5. A 7.33 g sample of calcium chloride is dissolved in a coffee cup calorimeter
which contains 125.0 mL of water. The temperature of the water rises from
21.2 to 28.7 *C. How much energy is released per mole of CaCl 2 (H)? The
specific heat capacity of CaCl2 solution is 0.995 cal/g x *C.
6. A piece of an unknown metal with a mass of 21.7 g is heated to 100.0 *C and
dropped into 50.0 mL of water at 23.6 *C. The final temperature of the system
is 32.5 *C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
7. A geologist at a mining company is trying to identify a metal sample obtained
from an ore. The metal has a mass of 5.05 g and is heated to 100.00 *C. The
hot metal is dropped into 10.00 mL of water at 22.00 *C. The final temp. of the
system is 23.83 *C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal?

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HW #6.5
For this assignment, you will need the nutritional label from a food product. You
must choose a food product that contains some of each of the following
macronutrients: protein, carbohydrate, and fat. In other words, I want you to
choose a product that is more interesting than a soda which gets 100% of its
energy from carbohydrate (sugar). You will also need to record the total price and
total weight of the product before you cut off the nutritional label.
The name of my food product is _________________________________.
1. List the three most abundant ingredients by mass in your food product.
2. Analyze the energy content of your food product by determining the % of
calories contributed by protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Show all work.
3. What is the serving size listed for the product? How many calories are in 1 g
of your product (1 oz = 28 g)?
4. What is the cost per gram of your product?
5. If you took the heat energy from 1 serving of your product (100 Cal for
example) and added it to 100.0 mL of water at room temp. (23.0 *C), what
would be the final temperature of the water assuming it would not boil?
Remember that 1 “food Calorie” equals 1 kcal.
6. List any vitamins or minerals which are present in your food product at > 2%
of the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (U.S. RDA). Include their
percentages.
7. Does your product make any nutritional claims? Like what?
8. Do you think that this product represents “good” nutritional value? Why or
why not?

HW #6.6
1. The reaction: 2CO(g) + O2(g)  2CO2(g) is exothermic.
a. What is the sign of H for this reaction?
b. What is the sign of H for the reverse reaction?
c. Is the heat content of the products greater or less than that of the
reactants?
2. For the reaction: CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g) H = +176 kJ/mol
a. Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?
b. What is the value of H for the reverse reaction?
c. How does the heat content of the products compare to that of the
reactants?

Use the following information for questions #3-6:

CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) H = -213 kcal/mol
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) H = -526 kcal/mol
2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g)  8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) H = -683 kcal/mol
2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g)  16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g) H = -1303 kcal/mol

3. The combustion of natural gas (methane = CH 4) is one of the most common

ways of heating homes in the winter months. Calculate the number of kcal of
heat energy produced by the burning of 25.0 g of natural gas.
4. An average adult would need 2500. kcal of energy daily. If a human could run
on propane (C3H8), how many grams would they need a day?
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5. 1.00 gallon of octane (C8H18) would have a mass of 2.66 Kg. How much heat
energy would be produced by burning a gallon of octane?
6. Calculate the heat energy produced per gram (kcal/g) for methane, propane,
butane, and octane. Which fuel would be better?
7. A McDonald’s Big Mac has an energy value of 591 kcal. How many Big Macs
would supply the energy equivalent to one gallon of octane?
8. An average person expends 100. kcal/hr while watching TV and 900. kcal/hr
while running (7.5 mph which equals 8 min mile). How many minutes of each
activity would it take to burn off a hot fudge sundae (725 kcal)?
9. A small box of raisins provides 120. kcal of heat energy. If this energy were
used to raise the temperature of room temperature (22.0 *C) water to boiling,
how many mL of water could be boiled by the raisins?
10. To burn off 1 pound of fat, a person would have to expend about 3400 kcal.
Assuming no other changes in diet or activity level, how many pounds of fat
could a person lose if they drank a diet soda (1.00 kcal) for lunch instead of a
regular soda (150. kcal) for a whole year?
11. The average American consumes 93 pounds of table sugar (sucrose) a year.
Sugar, like other carbohydrates, produces about 4.0 kcal/g.
a. How much energy will the average American get from sugar in a year?
b. If jogging consumes 120. kcal/mile, how many miles would you have to
jog to burn this energy?
c. Assuming all this energy is beyond the energy needed to maintain
constant bodyweight, how many pounds of extra body fat would
your body store due to this sugar?

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