Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu to Judo Cross Reference

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu looks just like Judo, because it is Basically Just Judo. When Mitsuyo Maeda,
began teaching Carlos Gracie in Belem do Para, Brazil in 1917, he was teaching Jigoro Kano's Jiu-
Jitsu direct from the Kodokan in Japan. The name "Judo" was not popularized until 1925.

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu curriculum and terminology has a notable lack of standardization. The same
technique will often have numerous names. Many of these names are borrowed from Wrestling and
Judo. This glossary is designed to translate BJJ curriculum back to original Japanese Judo and
traditional Wrestling terminology, as well as, demonstrate how Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is actually a
subset of Judo.

Americana - Ude-garami (腕絡) - also known as American armbar, bent armlock, figure-four, figure-
4, hammerlock, paint brush, top wrist lock, keylock, lateral keylock, v-lock, and chave de braço
(Portuguese). A submission in which you grasp your opponent's wrist with one hand, then bring
your other arm underneath theirs, grabbing your own wrist (see FIGURE-FOUR). With the
opponent's elbow pointing downwards, you then use your grip to simultaneously push their wrist
back and lift their elbow up. The name 'Americana' comes from a trip Bob Anderson made to Brazil
in 1978, during which he trained (initally by accident, as he was supposed to be meeting with the
Brazilian Wrestling Federation, not a jiu-jitsu school) with Rolls Gracie.

Anaconda Choke - Arm Triangle Choke - The choke applied via Kata-Gatame (肩固), but can be
done from the guard position.

Armbar - Ude-hishigi-juji-gatame (腕挫十字固) - also known as armlock, armeloque (Portuguese) .

A lock in which the elbow joint is hyperextended. This versatile submission has numerous
variations and can be attempted from a broad range of positions, but is most commonly used from
the mount and the guard.

Arm Drag - A movement mainly used from both the guard where you grab their opposite wrist and
pull it across your body. It is then enhanced by using your same side hand to grab behind their
elbow, which becomes available due to the earlier pulling of their wrist. If this grip and the
'dragging' motion proves successful, it should expose their back. A similar motion can be achieved
from a collar grip (a 'collar drag'). This technique is popular in Wrestling and falls under the topic of
Kumi-Kata (組方) - grip fighting in Judo.

Armless Triangle

Ankle Lock - Ashi-hishigi (足挫) - Achilles Lock or Foot Lock

B

Base - generally refers to balance (e.g., someone who is difficult to sweep may be described as
having a "good base"), in particular the position the person on top takes when in someone else's
guard: keep your weight low, back straight, head up, knees wide. This is the same "bottom man"
starting position in Wrestling.

Banana Split - Nickname for the wrestling Cross Body Ride Leg Split

Belt Strangle - Obi Jime (帯 絞)

Bicep Slicer / Bicep Crusher - a form of a Compression Lock

Bow and Arrow Choke - Okuri-eri-jime (送襟絞) - Sliding lapel strangle

Brabo Choke

Breakfall - Ukemi (受身 ) - a method by which you can reduce the impact of being thrown or
falling. The general principle is to disperse the force by slapping the ground with your hands
(specifically the palm heel) and feet. Differs slightly depending on direction - for example, with a
backwards breakfall, both hands slap the ground, whereas with a side breakfall, you only use one
hand.

Bridge - Arching onto the head and lifting one's back off of the mat to prevent a pin.

Butterfly Guard - a type of OPEN GUARD that involves both of the legs being hooked with the
ankles in between the opponents legs, against the inside of the opponents thighs. The opponent is
controlled using both legs and arms. The butterfly guard is often short-lived since the opponent
might be able to move quite freely. The leverage in the butterfly guard allows for powerful sweeps.
The butterfly guard also allows one to elevate or set the opponent off balance, because of this it is
particularly useful in avoiding damage from ground and pound and for many transitions. Analogous
technique in wrestling and catch wrestling is called double elevator.

Calf Crusher or Calf Slicer - Compression Lock on the leg.

Clinch - A position in which one person has gripped the other whilst standing, such as
UNDERHOOKING their arms. In BJJ, this will generally be the precursor to a TAKEDOWN. Also
seen in many other martial arts, especially muay thai, which uses the same position as an
opportunity to throw knees into the opponent's legs and body.

Clock Choke - Koshi Jime (締め) - Hip Strangle, however, the mechanism of the choke is classified
by the Kodokan as Okuri-eri-jime (送襟絞).

Cobra Choke
Closed Guard - Do Osae - Trunk Hold - Sometimes referred to as full guard. The closed guard is the
typical guard position. The legs are hooked behind the back of the opponent, preventing them from
standing up or moving away. The opponent needs to open the legs up to be able to improve
positioning. The bottom combatant might transition between the open and closed guard, as the open
guard allows for better movement, but also increased risk of the opponent passing the guard. The
technique Do-Jime (胴絞) is sometimes incorrectly used to describe the closed guard. The difference
is that with Do-Jime pressure is applied to squeeze the opponent's trunk to cause asphyxia. Do-Jime
is a prohibited technique in competition judo.

Collar Choke - Juji Jime (十字締め) - Might see this referred to as x-choke, lapel choke, cross
choke,. A choke accomplished by gripping the collars of your opponent with opposite hands, which
provides additional leverage – the actual choke comes from your wrists pressing against their neck.

Crank - A term used to describe submissions that operate by twisting parts of the body into
abnormal positions in order to cause pain. Cranks tend to be crude and rely on brute force, in
comparison to submissions like chokes and armbars. Due to the increased risk of serious injury,
particularly to the neck and spine, cranks are often either frowned upon or outright banned. A
typical example is the 'can opener', performed by grabbing behind the head and pulling it towards
you while in somebody's guard. Note that there can be a grey area, especially between certain
chokes and neck cranks, such as the guillotine choke. Crank may also be used to describe the
process of locking on a submission: e.g., "she cranked that armbar".

Crucifix Choke - Jigoku-jime (地獄絞) "hell strangle"

De la Riva Guard - also called the De la Riva hook and jello guard - an open guard that was
popularized in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu by black belt Ricardo de la Riva Goded, who was successful with
it in competition. In it, one of the legs is wrapped behind the opponent's leg from the outside, the
ankle held with one hand, and the other hand grips one of their sleeves. The De la Riva guard offers
many sweeps, transitions and submissions, and is often used in combination with spider guard.

Double Ankle Grab Sweep -

Double-leg Takedown - Morote-Gari (双手刈) - also known as baiana (Portuguese). A takedown

executed by attacking both legs, generally gripping the back of the knees to facilitate bringing your
opponent to the floor.

Elbow Crank

Electric Chair

Ezekiel Choke - Sode-guruma-jime (袖車絞め) - Might see this referred to as forearm choke or
sleeve choke. A choke performed using the inside of the sleeves for grip, with a forearm on either
side of the neck. This technique was named after a Brazilian judoka known as Ezequiel Paraguassu,
who apparently had great success with it against BJJers.
F

Figure-Four - Ude-garami (腕絡) - also written as figure-4. When used on an arm, also known as a
double wrist lock. A hold in which the positioning of the limbs resembles the number '4'. For
example, used in the AMERICANA and the KIMURA.

Flower Sweep - also known as pendulum sweep and see-saw sweep. Performed mainly with the
legs. Note that there can also be a slight difference between terms: some people use 'pendulum' to
describe the sweep where they raise their knee first, whereas the flower is initiated by grabbing their
lower pant leg.

Flying Armbar - Tobi-jūji-gatame (飛び十字固め)

Flying Triangle Choke - Sankaku-jime (三角絞) from a standing position.

Gable Grip - also known as Wrestler's Grip, a grip in which your palms are together, fingers
wrapped round the edge, not using the thumbs. It is named after legendary wrestler Dan Gable.

Grapevine - Tate-Shiho-Gatame (縦四方固) - a type of control that most commonly applies to

MOUNT. You have your legs threaded through your opponent's, hooking around with your feet to
stop them escaping. This makes for a stable defensive position, though attacks are mostly limited to
the EZEQUIEL.

Gogoplata - Hasami-Jime (鋏絞 scissors choke, or 螯絞 claw choke) - Demonstrated in the film
The Essence of Judo by Kyuzo Mifune where he applied the choke while transitioning into the
bottom kami-shiho-gatame position.

Guard - Do Osae - A position where one person in underneath another, but maintains a neutral
position through the use of their legs (as opposed to MOUNT or SIDE CONTROL, where the
person on top is dominant). The basic position is CLOSED GUARD, but can also be OPEN, each of
which have numerous variations.

Guillotine - Mae Hadaka Jime (前裸締め) - may see this referred to as guilhotina (Portuguese) and
front headlock. Applied by wrapping one arm under the neck, gripping your own bicep of the other
hand, securing that behind the head, then squeezing for the submission.

Half-Guard - Ashi Garami (足緘) - also known as meia guarda (Portuguese). Similar to GUARD,
except that in this case, only one leg has been trapped as opposed to the waist or both legs. This
position is often used to escape Osaekomi.

Heel Hook
Helicopter Armbar - Tobi-jūji-gatame (飛び十字固め)

Hip Crank

Hooks - also known as gancho (Portuguese). Normally refers to getting your feet wrapped under a
limb, especially under the leg. For example, for butterfly guard, you need to 'hook' your feet to
secure the position. This is also important when TAKING THE BACK, to stop your opponent
REVERSING you.

Kimura - Gyaku-Ude-Garami (逆腕絡) - might see this referred to as bent armlock, chicken wing,
reverse figure-four, hammer lock, entangled armlock or keylock. Reverse of the AMERICANA,
named after World Champion Judoka Masahiko Kimura who famously used it to defeat Helio
Gracie.

Knee Bar - Hiza-juji-gatame (膝十字固め)

Knee Crush - Hiza Hishigi (膝挫)

Lockdown - entangling a leg from the HALF GUARD, by bringing one leg over theirs, hooking
under your other knee, then with your other foot, hooking under their trapped leg and straightening
it out. This is often used as a stalling position.

Mount - Tate-Shiho-Gatame (縦四方固) - Position where one person is sat on top of the other, legs
straddling the torso. There are several variations, such as a high mount, where your knees move up
into their armpit, a low mount, where you GRAPEVINE your legs, and TECHNICAL MOUNT,
ideal for when they are attempting to roll free.

Near Knee Guard Pass - a guard pass demonstrated in The Essence Of Judo by Kyuzo Mifune. The
main characteristic of this pass is the practitioner driving their knee over the opponent's same side
thigh while in the opponent's open guard.

Neck Crank - Mae Hadaka Jime (前裸締め) - may see this referred to as guilhotina (Portuguese) and
front headlock. Applied by wrapping one arm under the neck, gripping your own bicep of the other
hand, securing that behind the head, then squeezing for the submission.
North South Choke - Kuzure-Kami-Shiho-Gatame (崩上四方固)

Omoplata - Ashi-sankaku-garami (三角緘) - A shoulder lock submission which uses the legs against
an arm in order to attack the shoulder. The name omoplata means 'shoulder blade' in Portuguese.

Open Guard - a GUARD position typically used to perform various joint locks and chokeholds. The
legs can be used to move the opponent, and to create leverage. The legs open allows the opponent to
stand up or try to pass the guard, so this position is often used temporarily to set up sweeps or other
techniques. Open guard is also a general term that encompasses a large number of guard positions
where the legs are used to push, wrap or hook the opponent without locking the ankles together
around them.

Overhook - also known as a whizzer (from wrestling). A position in which you have managed to get
a limb secured over the top of your opponent's arm or leg - i.e., 'hooked'.

Peruvian Neck Tie

Passing the Guard - also known as passando a guarda (Portuguese) and hairigata. The process by
which the person 'in the guard' (between the other person's legs) gets their legs past, commonly
moving into SIDE CONTROL or MOUNT. The Simple guard pass, also known as the arm/leg pull,
is a guard pass demonstrated in The Essence Of Judo by Kyuzo Mifune, and it is an unnamed
technique described in The Canon Of Judo. The main characteristic of the pass is the practitioner
side-stepping around the opponent's legs whilst simultaneously pulling aside the opponent's leg.

Post - used as a verb, posting. A term which refers to placing a part of your body on your opponent
or the mat in order to gain stability and prevent or set up movement. For example, if someone is
attempt to use the UPA to escape your MOUNT, you can 'post' your arms to the relevant side in
order to prevent being swept.

Posture - Shisei (姿勢) - also known as postura (Portuguese). Good posture means that your back
and neck are straight, your head in line with your spine.

Pulling Guard - Hikikomi Gaeshi (引込返)

Push Sweep - Also known as the 'stupid simple sweep'. Similar principle to a SCISSOR SWEEP,
except that you push on the top of the knee rather than chopping with your leg and don't necessarily
have a shin against the stomach. Often a follow-up to a failed scissor sweep.

Quad Crush - Compression Lock on the leg.

R

Rear Naked Choke - Hadaka Jime (裸締め) - also known as sleeper hold, mata leo or mata leão ('to
kill the lion' in Portuguese), often abbreviated to RNC. Same principle as the GUILLOTINE, but
from behind the opponent as opposed to a front headlock position.

Reversal - also known as inversão (Portuguese), and can be a verb - reverse. A term used to describe
a movement or technique that manages to change the combatants position. For example, if you
managed to SWEEP an opponent who previously had MOUNT, meaning that you ended up in their
GUARD, this could be described as a reversal.

Reverse Armbar from Mount -

Rolling - Newaza (寝技・業 ) Randori (乱捕り ) - a term often used in BJJ and other grappling
styles, which has the same meaning as 'sparring' o in Portuguese, the noun is either dar um rola or
escrima. Generally when rolling, one person attempts to submit the other, who fully resists them.
Alternately, the instructor may use 'specific sparring' in order to familiarise students with certain
positions, such as sparring from guard with the end goal of passing or sweeping.

Rolling Armbar -

Rolling Knee Bar -

Rubber Guard - This is a position that keeps the opponent down in your guard. First used by Nino
Schembri but popularized and made a system by Eddie Bravo, many techniques have been
developed from this position including sweeps, submissions, and striking defense. By being flexible
and using a leg to hold the opponent down, one arm is free to work on submissions, sweeps or to
strike the opponent's trapped head.

Scarf Hold - Kesa Gatame (袈裟固め) - also known as head and arm (wrestling). This is a
controlling position in which you are facing towards your opponent's head, with one arm threaded
under their armpit and around their neck, while your other hand is pulling their remaining arm tight
into your stomach.

Scissor Sweep - Hasami Gaeshi - Sumi Gaeshi (隅返) from a guard position. A sweep partly
accomplished by applying force with a leg on either side of your opponent, hence the 'scissor'
description.

Sickle Sweep - A sweep partly accomplished by using a knee on the opponents thigh and the other
leg on the side of the opponent, hence the 'scissor' description.

Shrimping - "Ebi" - also known as snaking, snake move, hip escape, hipscape and ebi. Used to
describe a motion in which you use your legs to shift your hips to one side or the other, pushing out
your posterior.
Side Control - Mune-gatame (胸固め) or Yoko-shiho-gatame (横四方固め) - also known as
sidemount, cross-side, across side, thousand kilos, one hundred kilos, 100 kilos, cem kilos
(Portuguese). A position in which you are on top and perpendicular to your opponent.

Sit-Up Sweep - also known as chest to chest, hip bump and hip heist. A sweep from the guard where
you open your legs, sit up (pushing off an arm), isolate an arm by the elbow, raise your hips, then
swivel in place to end up in mount.

Sliding Choke - Okuri-Eri-Jime (送襟絞) - A choke in which one forearm is pressed against the neck
gripping a collar, while the other pulls down on the remaining lapel, the additional leverage of
which results in the choke.

Sleve Choke - Sode guruma jime (袖車絞め) - sleeve wheel constriction.

Spider Guard - The spider guard comprises a number of positions all of which involve controlling
the opponents arms while using the soles of the feet to control the opponent at the biceps, hips,
thighs or a combination of them. It is most effective when the sleeves of the opponent can be
grabbed, for instance if the opponent is wearing a gi. The spider guard can be used for sweeps and
to set up joint locks or chokeholds.

Stacking Guard Pass - a guard pass demonstrated in The Essence Of Judo by Kyuzo Mifune, and it
is also an unnamed technique described in The Canon Of Judo. The main characteristic of the
technique is one practitioner lifting the opponent and stacking him, into a possible neck crank
submission, when the practitioner is in the opponent's open guard.

Standing Elbow Crank -

Stacking Guard Pass - a guard pass demonstrated in The Essence Of Judo by Kyuzo Mifune, and it
is also an unnamed technique described in The Canon Of Judo. The main characteristic of the
technique is one practitioner lifting the opponent and stacking him, into a possible neck crank
submission, when the practitioner is in the opponent's open guard.

Submission - sometimes abbreviated to sub. The term used to refer to any kind of finishing hold
which results in one person TAPPING.

Sweep - also known as raspagem (Portuguese). Numerous techniques in BJJ which enable the
person on the bottom to REVERSE their opponent and end up on top - e.g., SCISSOR SWEEP.

Takedown - Nage waza (投げ技) - also known as queda (Portuguese). As the name would suggest,
this term is used to refer to any technique which takes the opponent down to the ground. Throwing
techniques.

Take the Back - also known as taking the back and pega as costas (Portuguese) or "cowboy ride"
(grappling). When somebody manages to secure a position on the back of their opponent, aiming to
get their legs wrapped around the hips, with feet acting as HOOKS - can be referred to as back
mount and rear mount.
Tapping - when someone indicates they wish to concede by slapping the ground with their hand,
normally due to the pain caused by a particular SUBMISSION, or occasionally simply out of
exhaustion. Sometimes they will tap on their opponent's body instead, or even with their feet if both
arms are trapped.

Technical Mount - also known as seated mount and sitting mount. This is generally a transition from
MOUNT, when your partner attempts to turn onto their side. Your knee shifts up towards their head,
while your other leg steps across, the foot staying tight to their hip. It is common to attack with
chokes and armbars from here.

Ten Finger Choke / Ten Finger Guillotine -

Toe Hold - Ashi-dori-garami

Triangle Armlock - Ude-Hishigi-Sankaku-Gatame (腕挫三角固), sometimes shortened to Sankaku-

gatame (三角固)

Triangle Choke - Sankaku-jime (三角絞) - also known as triângulo (Portuguese). A choke performed
mainly with the legs, in which your opponent has one arm inside, helping you to block off the flow
of blood to their brain. The name comes from the position of the legs, with one across the back of
the person's head, the other securing the hold by locking a shin underneath a knee.

Turtle - can be a verb - turtling. A position in which you are on all fours, with your posterior pressed
to your ankles, limbs tightly tucked into your body. Also known as the "Chicken Judo" position
from IJF Judo competition turtling.

Underhook- opposite of the OVERHOOK. A position in which you have managed to secure a limb
underneath one of your opponent's, such as under their arms when in the CLINCH.

Upa - might also hear this referred to as bucking, bridging, bumping, barrigada (Portuguese) etc.
Raising the hips when on your back, normally in an attempt to make space from under mount, but
can also be used as part of other escapes.

X-Guard - an open guard where one of the combatants is standing up and the other is on their back.
The bottom combatant uses the legs to entangle one of the opponent's legs, which creates
opportunities for powerful sweeps. The x-guard is often used in combination with butterfly and half
guard. In a grappling match, this is an advantageous position for the bottom combatant, but in
general hand-to-hand combat, the top combatant can attack with stomps or soccer kicks. Likewise,
skilled use of the x-guard can prevent the opponent from attempting a kick, or throw them off
balance should they raise a leg. The x-guard was popularised by Marcelo Garcia.

X-Choke - Juji Jime (十字締め )