Counseling Test

Multiple Choices: Choose items or options that best answer the question and encircle it.
1. He defined a helping relationship as “which at least one of the parties has the intent of promoting the
growth, development, maturity, improved functioning, and improved coping with the life of the other”.
a. Okun c. Miars and Haverson
b. Brammer and Mac Donald d. Rogers
Answer: D. Rogers - Rogers (1961), for example defined a helping relationship as one “which at least
one of the parties has the intent of promoting the growth, development, maturity, improved functioning
and improved coping with the life of the other”.
Reference: Capuzzi, David and Gross, Douglas R. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and
Intervention. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2003, p.5.
2. It is one of the implicit and explicit points regarding definition of counseling which focuses of the client
goals and states that “Counseling is a rehearsal for action”.
a. Counseling is a process that may be profession developmental and intervening
b. Counseling is theory based
c. Counseling is a profession
d. Counseling includes various specialties
Answer: A. Counseling is a process that may be developmental and intervening - Counseling is a

process that may be developmental and intervening. Counselors focus on their client goals. Thus,
counseling involves choice and change. In some cases, “Counseling is a rehearsal for action” (Casey,
1996, p. 176)
Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 2000, p.7
3. They suggest some stages in helping relationship which involves preparation, initial responding, and
follow-up.
a. Purkey and Schmidt c. Egan
b. Brammer d. Corey and Corey
Answer: A. Purkey and Schmidt. - Purkey and Schmidt (1987) set forth three stages in building the
helping relationship each containing four steps: Stage 1, “Preparation” having the desire for a
relationship, eexpecting good things, preparing the settings, and reading the situation. Stage 2, is
“Initiating Responding”, and includes choosing caringly, acting appropriately, honoting the client, and
ensuring reception. The third and final stage, “Follow-Up”, includes interpreting responses, negotiating
positions, evaluating the process, and developing trust.
Intervention. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2003, p. 6.
4. It is one of the stage in helping relationship which includes the initial meeting of the client and
counselor, rapport building, information gathering, goal determination, and informing the client about
conditions.
a. Extended Exploration c. Relationship Development
b. Problem Resolution d. Termination and Follow-Up
Answer: C. Relationship Development - Stage 1 – Relationship Development. This stage includes the
initial meeting of the client and counselor or therapist, rapport building, information gathering, goal
determination, and informing the client about the conditions under which the counselor will take place
(e.g. confidentiality, taping, counselor/ therapist/ client roles).
Intervention. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2003, p.7
5. It is the another term in core conditions of helping relationship in which describes the ability to be
authentic.
a. Genuineness and Congruence c. Emphatic Understanding
b. Concreteness d. Respect and Positive Regard
Answer: A. Genuineness and Congruence - Genuineness and Congruence describes the ability to be
authentic in the helping relationship. The ability to be real as opposed to artificial, to behave as one feels
as opposed to playing the roles of the helper, and to be congruent in terms of actions and words are
further descriptors of this core condition.
Intervention. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2003, p. 10
6. It describes a counselor or therapist to serve as a sounding based for client by paraphrasing their
thoughts and feelings.
a. Attending and Encouraging c. Summarizing
b. Reflecting Contact and Reflecting Feeling d. Restating and Paraphrasing
Answer: D. Restating and Paraphrasing
Item Explication: These strategies enable a counselor or therapist to serve as a sounding board for the
client by feeding back thoughts and feelings that the client verbalizes. Restating involves repeating exact
words used by the client. Paraphrasing repeats the thoughts and feelings of the client, but the words are
those of the counselor or therapist.
7. It is one of the strategies helping relationship that aid in data gathering that enable a counselor or
therapist to gather information in a specific area related to the client’s presented concerns or to respond
to specific topic areas.
a. Questioning c. Both A and B
b. Problem and Leading d. Either A or B
Answer: B. Problem and Leading – These strategies enable a counselor or therapist to gather
information in a specific area related to the client’s presented concerns (Probing), or to encourage the
client to respond to specific areas (Leading).
8. It is one of the strategies in helping relationship that add depth and enhance the relationship that gives
implication for both clients and counselors or therapists.
a. Confrontation c. Self-Disclosure
b. Responding to Non-Verbal Cues d. Both A and C
Answer: C. Self- Disclosure - Self-Disclosure. This strategy has implications for both clients and
therapists. In self-disclosing, the counselor of therapist shares with the client his or her feelings, thoughts,
and experiences that are relevant to the situation presented by the client.
Intervention. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2003, p. 16-17
9. He is one of the proponents for the development of counseling that sets up a systematized guidance
program in public schools.
a. Clifford Beers c. Jesse B. Davis
b. Sigmund Freud d. Frank Parsons
Answer: C. Jesse B. Davis - Jesse B. Davis was the first person to a set up a systematized guidance
program in the public schools. As superintendent of the Grand Rapids, Michigan system, he suggested in
1907 that classroom of English composition teach their students a lesson once a week with the goal of
building and preventing problems.

Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 2000, p. 8-9.
10. It is generally understood to mean that a professional is qualified capable and able to understand and
do certain things in a appropriate and effective manner.
a. Competency c. Ethics Competence
b. Risk Management d. Multicultural Competence
Answer: A. Competency - Competency is generally understood to mean that a professional is qualified

capable and able to understand and do certain things in a appropriate and effective manner.
Reference: Brown, Steven D. and Lent Robert W. Handbook of Counseling Psychology. Fourth Edition.
Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc. , 2008, p. 6.
11. It is the third area in supervision competency that refers to such aspects as the supervision being
respectful and empowering, adhering to ethical principles, engaging self-education, and remaining aware
of one’s expertise and limitations.
a. Social Context c. Knowledge
b. Skills d. Values
Answer: d. Values – The third area, Values, refers to such aspects as the supervision being respectful
and empowering, adhering to ethical principles, engaging self-education, and remaining aware of one’s
expertise and limitations.
Reference: Brown, Steven D. and Lent Robert W. Handbook of Counseling Psychology. Fourth Edition.
Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc. , 2008, p. 8.
12. It is the ability to adapt one does to meet client needs.

a. Intellectual Curiosity c. Flexilibility
b. Energy d. Support
Answer: c. Flexilibility - Another qualities of being an effective counselors are as follows: Intellectual
Competence, Energy, Flexibility (The ability to adapt what one does to meet client needs), support,
goodwill, and self-awareness.

Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 2000, p. 32.
13. They concluded that effective counselors must be emotionally mature, objective, and must have self-
awareness, incorporating their strengths and weaknesses realistically.
a. Auvenshine and Noffsinger
b. Wiggins and Weslander
c. Foster and Guy
d. Holland
Answer: A. Auvenshine and Noffsinger – Auvenshine and Noffsinger (1984) concluded that, “Effective
counselors must be emotionally mature, objective, and must have self-awareness, incorporating their
strengths and weaknesses realistically.

14. It is the most common personal consequence of working as a counselor.

a. Burnout c. Vicarious Rebellion
b. Emotional Distress d. Wounded Healer
Answer: A. Burnout - Burnout is the state of becoming emotionally of physically drained to the point that
one cannot functions meaningfully. It is the single most common personal consequence of working as a
counselor (Emerson and Markus, 1996; Kottler,1993)

15. These persons are educated to provide assistance on both preventive and remedial level.
a. Non-Professional Helpers c. Generalist Human Services Worker
b. Professional Helpers d. All of the Above
Answer: b. Professional Helpers - Finally, there are professional helpers. These persons are educated
to provide assistance on both preventive and a remedial level. People in this group include counselors,
psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, psychiatric nurses, and marriage and family therapists.
Workers on this level have specialized advanced degree and have had supervised internships to help them
prepare to deal with a plethora of situations.

16. It is a unified set of ideas, principles, and behaviors.

a. Impairment
b. Comprehensive
c. Theory
d. System
Answer: D. System - A system is unified and organized set of ideas, principles, and behaviors.

17. It is the foundation of good counseling and challenges counselors to be caring and creative within the
confines of a highly personal relationship that is structured for growth and insight.
a. Theoretical Purity
b. Technical Eclecticism
c. Theory
d. System
Answer: C. Theory - Theory is the foundation of counseling. It challenges counselors to be caring and
creative within the confines of a highly personal relationship that is structured for growth and insight
(Gladding, 1990).

18. It is one of the following negative motivators of becoming an effective counselor that refers to the
persons who have unresolved anger and act out their feelings through their clients’ deviant behavior.
a. emotional distress c. vicarious rebellion
b. loneliness and isolation d. a need for love
Answer: C. vicarious rebellion - Vicarious Rebellion – Persons who have unresolved anger and act out
of their thoughts and feelings through their clients’ deviant behavior.

Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 2000, p. 31
19. It is a personal quality of a counselor which has the ability to put oneself in another’s place even of that
person is a different gender or from a different culture.
a. capacity for self-denial c. comfort with conversation
b. empathy and understanding d. sympathy
Answer: B. empathy and understanding - Another personal qualities of an effective counselor is by

having empathy and understanding. Empathy and Understanding is the ability to put oneself in another
plane, even if that person is a different gender or from a different culture.

Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 2000, p. 31
20. It is a sloppy, unsystematic process of putting unrelated clinical concepts together.

a. Syncretism c. Technical Eclecticism
b. Theoretical Integrationalism d. Theoretical Purity
Answer: A. Syncretism – The lowest or the first level of eclecticism is really syncretism - , unsystematic
process of putting unrelated clinical concepts together.
Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 2000, p. 40.
21. The following statements in goals of therapy are true except one.
A. A successful course of therapy can be gauged by the client’s development of a new way of thinking,
substituted for an old way.
B. To help the client to becomes his or her own therapist and able to continue using cognitive reality.
C. To find the difficulties in the clients life and develop a highly cognitive therapy for enable to cope up
with reality.
D. Help the clients to solve the problem and as a therapist they will present themselves as a blank slate.
Answer: A. A successful course of therapy can be gauged by the client’s development of a new way
of thinking, substituted for an old way. - Goals of Therapy. A successful course of therapy can be gauged
by the client’s development of a new way of thinking, substituted for an old way that has not been working
well. For example, as suggested above, perceiving problems as manual and manageable is a huge change
for many clients.
Reference: Day, Susan X. Theory and Design in Counseling and Psychotherapy. 222 Berkeley Street,
Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, p.298.
22. According to Glasser, the goal of reality therapy is to:

A. Help people make better choices and have more control over their lives within the constraints of
outside world.
B. Reorganizing a client’s thinking and the way he sees and interprets outward events.
C. Exposed the clients to a graded hierarchy of fears and taught to apply problem-solving tactics
while being supported and guided by therapist.
D. Help the clients
Answer: A. Help people make better choices and have more control over their lives within the
constraints of outside world. – The goal of reality therapy is to help people make better choices and
have more control over their lives within the constraints of outside world.
Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, p. 315.
23. Albert Ellis is known for his belief that humans have inherent rationality but are also burdened with
strong inborn tendencies to think irrationally. In this concept, he develop “Eleven Irrational Belief” that
lead to unhappiness and neurosis. What irrational belief emphasizes that “it is an unobtainable goal and
the person who strives it becomes less self-directing, more insecure, and less genuine.
a. A person must be perfectly competent, adequate, and achieving to be considered

b. It is essential that a person be loved or approved by virtually everyone in the community
c. Some people are bad, wicked, or villainous and therefore should be blamed and punished
d. It is a terrible catastrophe when things are not as a person wants them to be
Answer: b. It is essential that a person be loved or approved by virtually everyone in the

community - It is essential that a person be loved or approved by virtually everyone in the community.
This is an unobtainable goal and the person who strives it becomes less self-directing, more insecure,
and less genuine. Other irrational belief will be discussed in the reference below.
Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, p. 304-305.
24. It is the purpose of cognitive behavioral treatment for those people who are suffering from anxiety.
Choose the exact statement.
A. Identify different types of feelings; normalize fear or anxiety
B. Distinguish anxiety from other feelings and escape from it.
C. Provide information about the anxiety and deal with this.
D. Review, identify somatic responses to anxiety.
Answer: D. Review, identify somatic responses to anxiety. - Purpose of Session No. 4 in Cognitive
Behavioral Treatment for Childhood Anxiety – Review, identifying somatic responses to anxiety, introduce
tense vs. relaxed and introduce relaxation training.
25. It is an overview of cognitive behavioral treatments that certainly compresses us with their negative
view of dependency and their emphasis on rationality.
A. Cultural concerns
B. Cultural process
C. Cultural approach
D. Cultural method
Answer: A. Cultural concerns ; Cultural Concerns – An overview of cognitive- behavioral treatments

certainly impresses with their negative view of dependency and their emphasis on rationality, two values
associated with western thought and not necessarily with other philosophies.
26. It is the client’s thorough evaluation that should lead to formulation of a plan for action.
A. evaluation
B. planning
C. planning control
D. planning approach
Answer: B. planning ; Planning – The client’s thorough evaluation should lead to formulation of a plan
for action. Reality therapists encourage plan that is simple, realistic, measurable, involved, committed,
continuous, and within the client’s powers (not dependent on other people’s efforts).
Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, p.316.
27. It is a cognitive behavioral treatment that takes several forms and described as a standard technique
in counseling. It is essential as well as in the process of treatment.
A. Cognitive method
B. Problem-solving
C. Therapeutic process
D. Therapeutic approach
Answer: C. Therapeutic process ; The Therapeutic Process – Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment takes

several forms, as described in the next few sections. Commonalities exist in the essential concepts as
well as in the process of treatment.
28. Related to question no.27, it is one of therapeutic session in which counselor addresses the client on
her own terms.
A. multimodal process
B. Bringing and tracking
C. Both a and b
D. Tracking
Answer: B. Bringing and tracking ; Bridging and Tracking – In therapeutic process, the counselor
addresses the client on her own terms first; In other words, he focuses initially on the modalities she has
rate strongly in her structural profile, and uses there as a basis to reach other dimensions he considers
important.
29. It is a process that involves paying attention to the client in which different modalities usually take
precedence for each client.
A. Tracking
B. Bridging
C. Tracking and Bridging
D. Tracking modalities
Answer: A. Tracking ; Tracking involves paying attention to the order in which different modalities
usually takes precedence for each client.
30. The term dialectical describes the interaction of two conflicting forces, but there is an exception.
Choose the exception.
A. The need for the client to accept herself and also to change
B. The client’s maintaining the validity of her experience while learning to interpret it differently
C. The client’s getting what she needs and losing it if they becomes more competent
D. The client learns to become comfortable with change in them.
Answer: D. The client learns to become comfortable with change in them. - The term “dialectical
describes the interaction of 2 conflicting forces. In Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), the dialectics are
between:
 The need for the client to accept herself and also to change;
 The client’s getting what she needs and losing it if she becomes more competent; and
 The clients’ maintaining the validity of her experience while learning to interpret it differently
(Linehan, 1993).
Dialectics imply change, and clients learn to become comfortable with change in themselves, others,
and the environment.
Reference: Day, Susan X. Theory and Design in Counseling and Psychotherapy. 222 Berkeley
Street, Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, p. 321.
31. It is a field of study which is comprised of everything contributing to the recognition, elucidation,
prevention, and treatment of mental abnormalities.
a. Psychology c. social Work
b. counseling d. Psychiatry
Answer: D. Psychiatry - Psychiatry is a field of study which is comprised of everything contributing to the
recognition, elucidation, prevention, and treatment of mental abnormalities. Psychiatrists are trained
doctors, who work largely through diagnosis of illness and and then prescribe a treatment
- usually including medication.
Reference: De Jesus, Evangeline M. Counseling Psychology. First Edition. 526-528 United Nations
Avenue, Ermita, Manila – Educational Publishing House, 2006, p.29.
32. This kind of profession deals with wellness, personal growth, career and pathological concerns.
a. Psychology c. social Work
b. counseling d. Psychiatry
Answer: B. counseling - Counseling deals with personal growth, career and pathological concerns. In
other words, counselor works in areas that involve relationships. These areas include intra- and
interpersonal concerns related to finding meaning and adjustment in some settings as schools, families,
and careers.
Reference: Reference: De Jesus, Evangeline M. Counseling Psychology. First Edition. 526-528 United
Nations Avenue, Ermita, Manila – Educational Publishing House, 2006, p.33.
33. She edited the first comprehensive and significant work on racial identity and counseling.
a. Janet E. Helms c. Courtland C. Lee
b. Frederick D. Harper d. Daya S. Sandhu
Answer: A. Janet E. Helms ; 1990- Janet E. Helms edited the first comprehensive and significant
work on racial identity and counseling.
Nations Avenue, Ermita, Manila – Educational Publishing House, 2006, p. 48
34. They are trained in a variety of therapetic techniques used to address a wide range of issues which
includes depression, addiction, suicidal impulses, stress management, problems with self-esteem,,and
career concerns.
a. Mental Health Counselor c. Social workers
b. Guidance Counselor d. Psychologists
Answer: A. Mental Health Couselor ; Mental Health Counselor – Work in individuals. Families and
groups to address and treat mental disorders and promote optimum mental wealth. They are trained in a
variety of therapeutic techniques used to address a wide range of issues which includes depression,
addiction or substance abuse, suicidal impulses, stress management, problems with self-esteem, issues
associated with aging, job and career concerns.
Avenue, Ermita, Manila – Educational Publishing House, 2006, p. 38.
35. It is one of developmental stage which involves the developing conscience, morality and scale of
values occur.
a. adolescence c. middle childhood
b. early adulthood d. early childhood
Answer: C. Middle Childhood - Middle Childhood (Age 6-11). Another characteristic of Middle
Childhood according to Havighurst is developing his/her conscience, morality, and a scale of values.
36. It is one of developmental task according to Havighurst which involves occur intellectual skills.
Answer: A. Adolescence - Preadolescence and Adolescence (12-18) According to Havighurst, another

characteristic of adolescence is developing intellectual skills and concepts necessary for civic
competence.
37. Related to question no.36, it involves the finding a congenial social group.
Answer: B. early adulthood - Another characteristic of Early Adulthood (Age 19-30) according to
Havighurst Developmental Tasks is finding a congenial social group.
38. Related to question no.36, this stage develops the fundamental skills in reading, writing and
calculating.
Answer: C. middle childhood - Another characteristic of Middle Childhood (Age 6-11) according to
Havighurst Developmental Tasks is developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating.
39. The primary goal of humanistic theories is to achieve:

a. Self- Realization c. Self-Acceptance
b. Self- Actualization d. Self-Esteem
Answer: A. Self- Actualization ; Third Force/ Source - The primary goal of humanistic theories is to
create a working environment where the client can achieve self-actualization. Self-actualization is the
client’s innate capacity to become all that he or she can bring forth.
Avenue, Ermita, Manila – Educational Publishing House, 2006, p. 54
40. Lewis and Lewis coined this term for a new type of counselor who would function in multidimensional
roles regardless of employment setting.
a. Guidance Counselor c. Community Counselor
b. Career Counselor d. Mental Health Counselor
Answer: C. Community Counselor ; The diversification for counseling meant that specialization training
began to offered in counselor education programs. It is also meant that the development of new
concepts of counseling. For example, Lewis and Lewis coined the term community counselor for a new
type of counselor would function in multidimensional roles regardless of employment setting.
Nations Avenue, Ermita, Manila – Educational Publishing House, 2006, p. 51.
41. It is the school of thought in psychology, according to Watson which claims that behavior should be
the sole subject matter of psychology and that it should be studied through observation.
a. Psychoanalytic c. Functionalism
b. Behaviorism d. Structuralism
Answer: B. Behaviorism ; Behaviorism was formed as a reaction against the Freudian emphasis on the
unconscious as the subject matter of psychology and introspection as the method of its investigation.
Watson (1930) claimed that behavior should be the sole subject matter of psychology that it should be
studied through observation.
Intervention. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2003, p. 213.
42. He is the best known and controversial figure in the field of behaviorism despite of adamant denial of
the importance of condition and affect in understanding the human behavior.
a. B.F. Skinner c. S.Freud

b. J.B. Watson d. I. Pavlov
Answer: A. B.F. Skinner ; The work of B. F. Skinner on the principles of reinforcement and operant
conditioning further developed the school of behaviorism. Skinner is the best known and most
controversial figure in the field of behaviorism. Despite the fact that, until his death in 1991, Skinner
maintained an adamant denial of the importance of cognitions and affect in understanding human
behavior which influence counseling and psychotherapy.
43. In major constructs, it is considered to encompass a range of approaches limited by the purer
behavioral and cognitive interventions.
a. Learning Theory c. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions

b. Semantic Interventions d. Behavioral Excesses
Answer: C. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions ; Cognitive-behavioral interventions are considered to

encompass as range of approaches limited by the purer behavioral and cognitive interventions.
Treatment targets range from excesses and deficits to cognitive excesses and deficits, and cognitive
behavioral interventions target both cognitive and behavioral excesses and deficits.
Intervention. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2003, p. 215-216.
44. A theory in Psychology according to Albert Bandura in which it has been used to provide a cognitive
behavioral theoretical explanation for how people change.
a. Operant conditioning c. Classical conditioning

b. Behavior Modification d. Self Efficacy
Answer: D. Self Efficacy ; The self-efficacy of Albert Bandura has been used to provide a cognitive-
behavioral theoretical explanation for how people change. It has been proposed as a common pathway to
explain how people change despite using different behavioral techniques.
45. It is behavioral intervention used to gradually increase the quality of behavior.
a. Positive Reinforcement c. Reinforcement

b. Shaping d. Operant conditioning
Answer: B. Shaping ; Shaping is a behavioral intervenmtion used to gradually increase the quality of a
behavior. Often used to teach a new skill. Shapeing works by reinforcing successive approximations of
the desired behavior.
46. It holds that affect and behavior are determined by the way individuals cognitively structure the world.
a. Learning Theory c. Personality Theory

b. Cognitive Theory d. Developmental Theory
Answer: B. Cognitive Theory ; Beck’s Cognitive Therapy. The primary principle underlying cognitive
therapy (CT) is that affect and behavior are determined by the way individuals cognitively structure the
world.
47. It is a behavioral interventions design to decrease a problematic behavior.
a. Negative Reinforcement c. Extinction

b. Punishment d. Classical Conditioning
Answer: b. Punishment ; Extinction is a behavioral intervention designed to decrease a problematic

behavior. In this case, a reinforcer that has followed the behavior in the past is removed and the problem
behavior decreases.
48. It is a technique in which client learn to keep track of self-statements and to substitute more adaptive
statements.
a. Stress Inoculation Training c. Self-Instructional Training

b. Positive self Statements d. Cognitive Interventions
Answer: c. Self-Instructional Training ; Self- Instructional Training is a technique in which clients learn
to keep track of self-statements and to substitute more adaptive statements. Clients learn to make these
adaptive statements through homework assignments and practice.
49. It is the result of faulty learning, making incorrect inferences, and not distinguishing adequately
between imagination and reality.
a. Psychological Disturbances c. Social Disturbances

b. Emotional Disturbances d. Spiritual Disturbances
Answer: a. Psychological Disturbances ; For Beck, psychological disturbances may be the result of
faulty learning, make incorrect inferences on the basis of inadequate or incorrect information and not
disturbing adequately between imagination and reality.
Intervention. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2003, p.214-215.
50. It is an increase in the undesirable behavior that may occur before extinction.
a. Response Burst c. Shaping

b. Punishment d. Reinforcement
Answer: a. Response Burst ; Extinction is characterized by response burst, an increase in the desirable
behavior that may occur before extinction. The child may get out of seat, wander around, and continue to
engage in negative behavior and trying to get the attention of the teacher.

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Multiple Choices: Choose items or options that best answer the question and encircle it.

Answer: A. Counseling is a process that may be developmental and intervening - Counseling is a

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

Answer: D. Restating and Paraphrasing

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

Answer: A. Competency - Competency is generally understood to mean that a professional is qualified

12. It is the ability to adapt one does to meet client needs.

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

14. It is the most common personal consequence of working as a counselor.

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

16. It is a unified set of ideas, principles, and behaviors.

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

Answer: B. empathy and understanding - Another personal qualities of an effective counselor is by

Reference: Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Fourth Edition. Upper

20. It is a sloppy, unsystematic process of putting unrelated clinical concepts together.

22. According to Glasser, the goal of reality therapy is to:

a. A person must be perfectly competent, adequate, and achieving to be considered

Answer: b. It is essential that a person be loved or approved by virtually everyone in the

Answer: A. Cultural concerns ; Cultural Concerns – An overview of cognitive- behavioral treatments

Answer: C. Therapeutic process ; The Therapeutic Process – Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment takes

Answer: A. Adolescence - Preadolescence and Adolescence (12-18) According to Havighurst, another

39. The primary goal of humanistic theories is to achieve:

a. B.F. Skinner c. S.Freud

a. Learning Theory c. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions

Answer: C. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions ; Cognitive-behavioral interventions are considered to

a. Operant conditioning c. Classical conditioning

45. It is behavioral intervention used to gradually increase the quality of behavior.

a. Positive Reinforcement c. Reinforcement

a. Learning Theory c. Personality Theory

47. It is a behavioral interventions design to decrease a problematic behavior.

a. Negative Reinforcement c. Extinction

Answer: b. Punishment ; Extinction is a behavioral intervention designed to decrease a problematic

a. Stress Inoculation Training c. Self-Instructional Training

a. Psychological Disturbances c. Social Disturbances

a. Response Burst c. Shaping

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