Quantum Mechanics Questions

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES

Quantum Mechanics
JEST-2016
Q1. The wavefunction of a hydrogen atom is given by the following superposition of energy
eigen functions υ/ nlm ( r ) ( n, l , m are the usual quantum numbers):
2 3 1
υ/ ( r ) = υ/ 100 ( r ) − υ/ 210 ( r ) + υ/ 322 ( r )
7 14 14
The ratio of expectation value of the energy to the ground state energy and the
expectation value of L2 are, respectively:
229 12 2 101 12 2
(a) and (b) and
504 7 504 7
101 2 229 2
(c) and (d) and
504 504
Ans: (a)
2 E 9 E 1 E 229
Solution: E = × 0 + × 0 + × 0 = E0
7 1 14 4 14 9 504
2 9 1 24 12
L2 = × 0 2
+ ×2 2
+ ×6 2
= 2
= 2
7 14 14 14 7
1
Q2. A spin- particle in a uniform external magnetic field has energy eigenstates 1 and
2
2 . The system is prepared in ket-state

( 1 + 2 ) at time t = 0. It evolves to the state
2
described by the ket

(1 − 2 ) in time T . The minimum energy difference between two
2
levels is:
h h h h
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6T 4T 2T T
Ans: (c)

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⎛ ⎛ E1t ⎞ ⎛ E t ⎞⎞
1 ⎜ −i + 2 exp ⎜ −i 2 ⎟ ⎟
Solution: ψ ( t = 0 ) =
(1 + 2 )⇒ ψ t =t = ⎝ ⎝⎜ ⎟
⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎠
( )
2 2
⎛ ⎛ ( E2 − E1 ) t ⎞ ⎞
⎜⎜ 1 + 2 exp ⎜ −i ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎛ E1t ⎞ ⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠
ψ (t = t ) = ⎜ −i ⎟
⎝ ⎠ 2
⎛ ( E − E1 ) t ⎞
exp ⎜ −i 2 ⎟ = −1
⎝ ⎠
( E2 − E1 ) T = π ⇒ E − E = π h
( 2 1) =
T 2T
Q3. The energy of a particle is given by E = p + q where p and q are the generalized
momentum and coordinate, respectively. All the states with E ≤ E0 are equally probable
and states with E > E0 are inaccessible. The probability density of finding the particle at
coordinate q , with q > 0 is:
(a)
( E0 + q ) (b)
q
(c)
( E0 − q ) (d)
1
2
E 0 E02 E 2
0 E0
Ans: (c)
Solution: For condition E = p + q total no of accessible state upto energy E0 for q > 0 is area
1
under the curve × 2 × E02 = E02
2
The probability density of finding the particle at coordinate q , with q > 0
dpdq pdq ( E − q ) dq
= 2 ⇒ 0 2
2
E0 E0 E0
For probability at point point q dq is insignificant so ( p ( q ) ) =

( E0 − q )
E02





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Q4. Consider a quantum particle of mass m in one dimension in an infinite potential well,
−a a a
i.e., V ( x ) = 0 for <x< and V ( x ) = ∞ for x≥ . A small perturbation,
2 2 2
2∈ x
V ′( x) = is added. The change in the ground state energy to O (∈) is:
a
∈ ∈
(a)
2π 2 (
π2 −4 ) (b)
2π 2 (
π2 +4 )
∈π 2 2 ∈π 2 2
(c)
2
(π + 4 ) (d)
2
(π − 4 )
Ans: (a)
a a
2∈ 2 2 2 πx
2
Solution: E11 = ∫ φ1*V ' ( x )φ1dx ⇒ ∫ x cos dx
−
a a −a a a
2 2
a a a
2∈ 2 2 πx 4∈ 2 1 ⎛ 2π x ⎞ 2∈ 2 ⎛ 2π x ⎞
= .2. ∫ x cos 2 dx ⇒ 2 ∫ x ⎜ cos + 1⎟dx ⇒ 2 ∫ x ⎜ cos + 1⎟dx ⇒
a 0 a a a 0 2⎝ a ⎠ a 0 ⎝ a ⎠
a
2∈ 2 ⎛ 2π x ⎞ ∈
x cos
2 ∫ ⎜
a 0 ⎝ a
+ 1⎟dx =
⎠ 2π 2
π2 −4 ( )
1
Q5. If Yxy =
2
(Y22 − Y2,−2 ) where Yl ,m are spherical harmonics then which of the following is
true?
(a) Yxy is an eigenfunction of both L2 and Lz
(b) Yxy is an eigenfunction of L2 but not Lz
(c) Yxy is an eigenfunction both of Lz but not L2
(d) Yxy is not an eigenfunction of either L2 and Lz
Ans: (b)
Solution: The L2Yxy = l ( l + 1) 2Yxy where l = 2 and LzYxy ≠ mYxy
So Yxy is an eigenfunction of L2 but not Lz





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Q6.
⎛ 1 ⎞
A spin- 1 particle is in a state υ/ described by the colunm matrix ⎜ ⎟ 2,
⎝ 10 ⎠
2, 2i { }
in the S z basis. What is the probability that a measurement of operator S z will yield the
result h for the state S x υ/ ?
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4 6
Ans: (c)
⎛0 1 0⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
Solution: S x = 1 0 1 ψ = ⎜ 2⎟
2 ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟ ⎜ 2i ⎟
⎝0 1 0⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
S x ψ = ⎜ 2 + 2i ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛1 0 0 ⎞ ⎛1⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
S z = ⎜ 0 0 0 ⎟ the eigen state for eigen value of sz is ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎜ 0 0 −1 ⎟ ⎜0⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 2 1
p( )= = =
2+4+2 8 4
Q7. The Hamiltonian of a quantum particle of mass in confined to a ring of unit radius is:
2
⎛ ∂
2
⎞
H= ⎜ −i −α ⎟
2m ⎝ ∂θ ⎠
where θ is the angular coordinate, α is a constant. The energy eigenvalues and
eigenfunctions of the particle are ( n is an integer):
einθ 2
sin ( nθ ) 2
(a) υ/ n (θ ) = (n −α ) (b) υ/ n (θ ) = (n −α )
2 2
and En = and En =
2π 2m 2π 2m
cos ( nθ ) 2
einθ 2
(c) υ/ n (θ ) = (n −α ) (d) υ/ n (θ ) = (n +α )
2 2
and En = and En =
2π 2m 2π 2m
Ans: (a)





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2
2
⎛ ∂ ⎞
2
⎡ ∂ψ 2
∂ψ ⎤
Solution: H = ⎜ −i −α ⎟ ⇒ ⎢ − 2 + 2iα + α 2ψ ⎥ = Eψ
2m ⎝ ∂θ ⎠ 2m ⎣ ∂θ ∂θ ⎦
einθ
By inspection ψ n (θ ) = wich will also satisfied boundary condition
2π
ψ n (θ + 2π ) = ψ n (θ ) will satisfied the Hamiltonian and value of E =

2
( n − α )2
2m
d
Q8. The adjoint of a differential operator acting on a wavefunction υ/ ( x ) for a quantum
dx
mechanical system is:
d d d d
(a) (b) −i (c) − (d) i
dx dx dx dx
Ans: (c)
⎛ 1⎞
Q9. For a quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator with energies, En = ⎜ n + ⎟ ω , where
⎝ 2⎠
n = 0,1, 2... , the partition function is:
ω ω
k BT ω ω 2 k BT
e e
(a) ω
(b) e 2 kBT − 1 (c) e 2 kBT + 1 (d) ω
e 2 kBT −1 e kBT −1
Ans: (d)
ω 3 ω 5 ω 7 ω
Solution: z = exp− + exp− + exp− + exp− ......
2kT 2kT 2kT 2kT
ω ⎛ ω 2 ω ⎞
z = exp− ⎜1 + exp− + exp− ..... ⎟
2kT ⎝ kT kT ⎠
ω ω
exp− exp
2kT ⇒ 2kT 1
z= ⇒
ω ω ω ω
1 − exp exp − exp− exp −1
kT 2kT 2kT kT





fiziks

Q10. In the ground state of hydrogen atom, the most probable distance of the electron from the
nucleus, in units of Bohr radius a0 is:
1 3
(a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
2 2
Ans: (d)
3
Solution: r = a0 most probable distance is rp = a0
2
r 3
=
rp 2
Q11. For operators P and Q , the commutator ⎡⎣ P, Q −1 ⎤⎦ is
(a) Q −1 [ P, Q ] Q −1 (b) −Q −1 [ P, Q ] Q −1 (c) Q −1 [ P, Q ] Q (d) −Q [ P, Q ] Q −1
Ans (b)
⎡⎣ P, Q −1 ⎤⎦ = PQ −1 − Q −1 P
−Q −1 [ P, Q ] Q −1 ⇒ −Q −1 [ PQ − QP ] Q −1 = −Q −1 ⎡⎣ PQQ −1 − QPQ −1 ⎤⎦ = −Q −1 P + PQ −1 = ⎡⎣ P, Q −1 ⎤⎦
Q12. A spin
1
particle is in a state
(↑ + ↓ ) where ↑ and ↓ are the eigenstates of S z
2 2
operator. The expectation value of the spin angular momentum measured along x
direction is:
(a) (b) − (c) 0 (d)

2
Ans: (d)
⎛ 1 ⎞
Solution:
( ↑ + ↓ ) ⎜
⇒⎜
2 ⎟⎟
sx = ⎜
⎛0 1⎞
⎟
2 ⎜ 1 ⎟ 2 ⎝1 0⎠
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠





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⎛ 1 ⎞
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛0 1⎞⎜ 2 ⎟
sx = ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟=
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝1 0⎠⎜ 1 ⎟ 2
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
JEST-2015
2
α
− +
Q13. Consider a harmonic oscillator in the state ψ = e 2
eα a 0 , where 0 is the ground
state, a + is the raising operator and α is a complex number. What is the probability that
the harmonic oscillator is in the n -th eigenstate n ?
2 n
2n a a
−α2 α −
2
(a) e (b) e n!
n!
n 2 2n
α
−α
2 α − α
(c) e (d) e 2
n! n!
Ans: (a)
(α a ) (a )
n n
α
2
α
2 + +
( )
− −
∑
+ n
Solution: ψ = e 2
eα a 0 = e 2
0 and n = 0 ⇒ a+ 0 = n n
n n n
(α )
2 n
α
− n
ψ =e 2
∑ n n
n
(α α )
n n
*
n α
∑ ∑
2 2 2 2
−α −α
⇒ ψ ψ =e n n =e = e− α e α = 1
( n)
2
n n
2
nψ 2
Probability that ψ is in n state = nψ
ψ ψ
(α )
2 n 2
α α
− n − 1
ψ =e 2
∑ n n
n =e 2
∑α
n
n
n
n
2
α
α
2 − 2n
− 1 e 2 n α
∑α
2
2 −α
⇒ nψ =e 2 n
nn = α ⇒ nψ =e
n n n n





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Q14. For non-interacting Fermions in d − dimensions, the density of states D (E ) varies as
⎛d ⎞
⎜ −1 ⎟
E ⎝2 ⎠
. The Fermi energy E F of an N particle system in 3−, 2 − and 1 − dimensions
will scale respectively as,
(a) N 2 , N 2 / 3 , N (b) N , N 2 / 3 , N 2
(c) N , N 2 , N 2 / 3 (d) N 2 / 3 , N , N 2
Ans: (d)
Q15. A particle of mass m moves in 1 − dimensional potential V ( x ) , which vanishes at infinity.
The exact ground state eigenfunction is υ/ ( x ) = A sec h ( λ x ) where A and λ are
constants. The ground state energy eigenvalue of this system is,

2
λ2 2
λ2
(a) E = (b) E = −
m m
2
λ2 2
λ2
(c) E = − (d) E =
2m 2m
Ans: (d)
dψ
Solution: ∵ψ ( x ) = A sec h ( λ x ) ⇒ = − Aλ sec h ( λ x ) tanh ( λ x )
dx
d 2ψ
⇒ 2
= − Aλ ⎡⎣ − sec h ( λ x ) tan 2 h ( λ x ) λ + λ sec h ( λ x ) sec 2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦
dx
= − Aλ 2 ⎡⎣sec h ( λ x ) ⎡⎣ − tan 2 h ( λ x ) + sec2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ ⎤⎦
= − Aλ 2 ⎡⎣sec h ( λ x ) ⎡⎣sec 2 h ( λ x ) − tan 2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ ⎤⎦
= − Aλ 2 ⎡sec h ( λ x ) ⎣⎡sec 2 h ( λ x ) − ⎡⎣1 − sec 2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ ⎦⎤ ⎤

⎣ ⎦
∵ tan 2 h ( λ x ) = 1 − sec 2 h ( λ x )
= − Aλ 2 ⎡⎣sec h ( λ x ) ⎡⎣sec 2 h ( λ x ) − 1 + sec 2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ ⎤⎦
d 2ψ
⇒ 2 = − Aλ 2 ⎡⎣ 2sec3 h ( λ x ) − sec h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦
dx





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dψ
2 2
dψ2
Now put the value 2
in equation − + V ( x )ψ ( x ) = Eψ ( x )
dx 2m dx 2
2
− λ 2 A ⎡⎣ 2sec3 h ( λ x ) − sec h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ + V ( x ) A sec h ( λ x ) = EA sec h ( λ x )
2m
∵V ( x ) → 0 as x → ∞
2 2
λ2
⇒+ λ 2 A sec h ( λ x ) − 2 A sec3 h ( λ x ) = EA sec h ( λ x )
2m 2m
Now we have to do approximation i.e. sec3 h ( λ x ) dacays very fastly as x → ∞ so second
term
2
λ2 2
λ2 2
λ2
2 A sec3 h ( λ x ) = 0 . Thus A sec h ( λ x ) = EA sec h ( λ x ) ⇒ E =
2m 2m 2m
1
Q16. Consider a spin − particle characterized by the Hamiltonian H = ωS z . Under a
2
perturbation H ′ = gS x , the second order correction to the ground state energy is given by,
g2 g2 g2 g2
(a) − (b) (c) − (d)
4ω 4ω 2ω 2ω
Ans: (a)
⎡1 0 ⎤
Solution: ∵ H = ω sz and sz =
2 ⎢⎣0 −1⎥⎦
ω ⎛1 0⎞ g ⎛1 0 ⎞
⇒H = ⎜ ⎟ and H ′ = gsx = ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 0 −1⎠ 2 ⎝ 0 −1 ⎠
ω ⎛0⎞
Ground state energy is − with eigenvector φ1 = ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝1⎠
ω ⎛1⎞
and first excited state energy is with eigenvector φ2 = ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 0⎠
2 2
φm H ′ φ1 φm H ′ φ1
Second order correction in ground state E = ∑ 2
=
2
E10 − Em0 ω ω
m ≠1
− −
2 2





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2
⎛ 0 1⎞⎛ 0⎞
(1 0 ) ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
g2 ⎝1 0⎠⎝1⎠
2
g2 2 g2
⇒E = 2
=− =−
4
2
2ω 4ω 4ω
−
2
Q17. Given that υ/ 1 and υ/ 2 are eigenstates of a Hamiltonian with eigenvalues E1 and E 2
respectively, what is the energy uncertainty in the state (υ/ 1 + υ/ 2 ) ?
1
(a) − E1 E 2 (b) E1 − E 2
2
1 1
(c) (E1 + E 2 ) (d) E 2 − E1
2 2
Ans: (b)
1 2 1 2 ( E1 + E2 )
2 2
1 1
Solution: E 2
= E1 + E2 = and E = E1 + E2
2 2 2 2 2
∵ ΔE = E2 − E
2
=
(E 1
2
+ E22 ) − 1 (E + E ) 2
=
2 E12 + 2 E22 − E12 − E22 − 2 E1 E2
1 2
2 4 4
E12 + E22 − 2 E1 E2 1
⇒ ΔE = = E1 − E2
4 2
kr 2
Q18. A particle moving under the influence of a potential V (r ) = has a wavefunction
2
υ/ (r , t ) . If the wavefunction changes to υ/ (α r , t ) , the ratio of the average final kinetic
energy to the initial kinetic energy will be,
1 1
(a) (b) α (c) (d) α 2
α 2
α
Ans: (c)
⎛ 2
⎞ 2
( )
∞
Solution: For ψ ( r , t ) the average kinetic energy T = ∫ ψ * ( r, t ) ⎜ − ⎟ ∇ ψ r dr ∇ is
2 2
0
⎝ 2m ⎠
written in spherical polar coordinate, which is dimension of ( length )

−2
For wave function ψ (α r , t )





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⎛ 2
⎞ 2
⎟ ( ∇ ψ (α r , t ) ) r dr
∞
Tα = ∫ ψ * (α r , t ) ⎜ − 2
0
⎝ 2m ⎠
r′ dr ′
Put α r = r ′ or r = ⇒ dr = and ∇ 2r = α 2 ∇ r2
α α
α2 ∞ ⎛ ⎞ 2 2
1 ∞ ⎛ ⎞ 2
2
Tα = ∫ ψ * ( r ′, t ) ⎜ − ⎟ ∇ ψ ( r ′, t ) r ′ dr ′ =
2
∫ ψ * ( r ′, t ) ⎜ − ⎟ ∇ ψ ( r ′, t ) r ′ dr ′
2
α3 0
⎝ 2m ⎠ α 0
⎝ 2 m ⎠
T Tα 1
⇒ Tα = ⇒ =
α T α
Q19. If a Hamiltonian H is given as H = 0 0 − 1 1 + i ( 0 1 − 1 0 ) , where 0 and 1 are
orthonormal states, the eigenvalues of H are

(a) ± 1 (b) ± i (c) ± 2 (d) ± i 2
Ans: (c)
Solution: H = 0 0 − 1 1 + i ( 0 1 − 1 0 )
H 0 = 0 −i 1 and H 1 = − 1 +i 0
0 H 0 0 H 1 ⎛1 i ⎞
The matrix representation of H is =⎜ ⎟
1H 0 1H 1 ⎝ −i −1⎠
⎛1 − λ i ⎞
Eigenvalue of H ⎜
−1 − λ ⎠
2
(
⎟ = 0 ⇒ − 1 − λ − 1 = −0 ⇒ λ = ± 2 )
⎝ −i
JEST-2014
Q20. Suppose a spin 1 / 2 particle is in the state
1 ⎡1 + i ⎤
υ/ = ⎢ ⎥
6⎣ 2 ⎦
If S x ( x component of the spin angular momentum operator) is measured what is the
probability of getting + / 2 ?
(a) 1 / 3 (b) 2 / 3 (c) 5 / 6 (d) 1 / 6
Ans.: (c)





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⎡0 1 ⎤ 1 ⎛1⎞
Solution: S x = ⎢ ⎥ with eigenvalues ± and eigenvector corresponding to is ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎣1 0 ⎦ 2 2 2 ⎝1⎠
Now probability getting +

2
2
1 1 ⎡1 + i ⎤
φψ
⋅ [1 1] ⎢ 2 ⎥ 1
1+ i + 2
2
⎛ ⎞ 2 6 ⎣ ⎦ 5
p⎜ ⎟ = = = 12 =
⎝2⎠ ψ ψ 1 ⎡1 + i ⎤ 1 6
[1 − i 2] ⎢ 2 ⎥ 6×
6
6 ⎣ ⎦
Q21. The Hamiltonian operator for a two-state system is given by
H = α ( 1 1 − 2 2 + 1 2 + 2 1 ),
where α is a positive number with the dimension of energy. The energy eigenstates
corresponding to the larger and smaller eigenvalues respectively are:
(a) 1 − ( 2 + 1) 2 , 1 + ( 2 − 1) 2
(b) 1 + ( 2 − 1) 2 , 1 − ( 2 + 1) 2
(c) 1 + ( 2 − 1) 2 , ( 2 + 1) 1 − 2
(d) 1 − ( 2 + 1) 2 , ( 2 − 1) 1 + 2
Ans.: (b)
Solution: H = α ( 1 1 − 2 2 + 1 2 + 2 1 ) ⇒ H 1 = α ( 1 + 2 ) , H 2 = α ( 1 − 2 )
Lets check for option (b): 1 + ( )
2 −1 2 , 1 − ( 2 + 1) 2
Now H ψ = α ψ ⇒ H ⎡1 +( 2 − 1) 2 ⎤ = H 1 + H ( 2 + 1) 2
⎣ ⎦
H ⎡1 +
⎣ ( )
2 −1 2 ⎤ ⇒ H ( 1 ) +
⎦ ( )
2 −1 H 2 ⇒ α ( 1 + 2 ) + ( )
2 −1 α ( 1 − 2 )
⇒ α ⎡⎣1 + 2 − 1⎤⎦ 1 + α ⎡1 −
⎣ ( )
2 −1 ⎤ 2 ⇒ α 2 1 + α 2 − 2 2
⎦
( )
[ ( 2 − 1) 2 ]
⇒α 2 1 +
Now H ( 1 − 2 + 1) 2 ⇒ H [ 1 − ( ) ]
2 +1 2 ⇒ H 1 − H ( 2 +1 2 )





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( )
⇒ α ( 1 + 2 ) − α ⎡ 2 + 1 ( 1 − 2 )⎤ ⇒ α 1 − 2 − 1 1 + α 1 + 2 + 1 2
⎣ ⎦ ( ) ( )
(
⇒ − 2α 1 + 2 + 2 α 2 ⇒ −α 2 1 − 1 + 2 2) [ ( ) ]
Q22. Consider an eigenstate of L2 and Lz operator denoted by l, m . Let A = nˆ ⋅ L denote an
operator, where n̂ is a unit vector parametrized in terms of two angles

as (n x , n y n z ) = (sin θ cos φ , sin φ , cos θ ) . The width Δ A in l, m state is:
l (l + 1) − m 2 l (l + 1) − m 2
(a) cos θ (b) sin θ
2 2
(c) l (l + 1) − m 2 sin θ (d) l (l + 1) − m 2 cos θ

Ans.: (b)
x y z
Solution: A = nˆ ⋅ L ⇒ A = Lx ⋅ + Ly ⋅ + Lz ⋅
r r r
r sin θ cos φ r sin θ sin φ r cos θ
⇒ A = Lx ⋅ + Ly ⋅ + Lz ⋅
r r r
⇒ A = Lx sin θ cos φ + Ly sin θ ⋅ sin φ + Lz cos θ
2
Now ΔA = A2 − A
A = Lx sin θ cos φ + Ly sin θ sin φ + Lz cos θ
A = ( m ) cos θ ∵ Lx = 0, Ly = 0
A 2 = L2x sin 2 θ cos 2 φ + L2y sin 2 θ sin 2 φ + L2z cos 2 θ
⎡l ( l + 1) − m 2 ⎦⎤
⎣ ⎛ l ( l + 1) − m 2 ⎞
⇒ A 2
= 2
sin θ cos φ + ⎜
2 2
⎟⎟
2
sin 2 θ sin 2 φ + m 2 2
cos 2 θ
2 ⎜ 2
⎝ ⎠
⎡⎣l ( l + 1) − m 2 ⎤⎦
⇒ A 2
= 2
sin 2 θ ⎡⎣sin 2 φ + cos 2 φ ⎤⎦ + m 2 2
cos 2 θ
2
⎡⎣l ( l + 1) − m 2 ⎤⎦
⇒ A 2
= 2
sin 2 θ + m 2 2
cos 2 θ
2





fiziks

ΔA = A 2
− A
2
=
( l ( l + 1) − m ) 2
2
sin 2 θ + m 2 2
cos 2 θ − m 2 2
cos 2 θ
2
⎡⎣l ( l + 1) − m 2 ⎤⎦
ΔA = sin θ
2
Q23. Consider a three-state system with energies E, E and E − 3g (where g is a constant) and
respective eigenstates
⎛1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
1 ⎜ ⎟ 1 ⎜ ⎟ 1 ⎜ ⎟
υ/ 1 = ⎜ − 1⎟ υ/ 2 = ⎜ 1 ⎟ υ/ 3 = ⎜ 1⎟
2⎜ ⎟ 6⎜ ⎟ 3⎜ ⎟
⎝0⎠ ⎝ − 2⎠ ⎝ 1⎠
⎛1⎞
⎜ ⎟
If the system is initially (at t = 0 ), in state υ/ i = ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎜0⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛0⎞
⎜ ⎟
what is the probability that at a later time t system will be in state υ/ f = ⎜0⎟
⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠
4 2 ⎛ 3 gt ⎞
(a) 0 (b) sin ⎜ ⎟
9 ⎝2 ⎠
4 ⎛ 3 gt ⎞ 4 2 ⎛ E − 3gt ⎞
(c) cos 2 ⎜ ⎟ (d) sin ⎜ ⎟
9 ⎝2 ⎠ 9 ⎝ 2 ⎠
Ans.: (b)
Q24. A hydrogen atom in its ground state is collided with an electron of kinetic energy 13.377
eV. The maximum factor by which the radius of the atom would increase is
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 49 (d) 64
Ans.: (c)
−13.6
Solution: En = eV
n2
⇒ E1 = −13.6 eV , E2 = −3.4 eV , E3 = 1.5 eV , E4 = 0.85 eV , E5 = 0.54 eV
E6 = 0.3777 eV , E7 = 0.2775 eV





fiziks

Since Electron have kinetic energy 13.377 eV = −13.6 + 0.2775 eV ⇒ n = 7
∵ rn = a0 n 2 ⇒ rn = 49a0
Q25. The lowest quantum mechanical energy of a particle confined in a one-dimensional box
of size L is 2 eV. The energy of the quantum mechanical ground state for a system of
1
three non-interacting spin particles is
2
(a) 6 eV (b) 10 eV (c) 12 eV (d) 16 eV
Ans.: (c)
π2 2
Solution: E1 = = 2eV , E2 = 4 E1 = 8 eV
2ml 2
1
∵ spin is
2
1
then degeneracy 2S + 1 = 2 × + 1 = 2
2
⇒ ground state 2 × 2 eV + 1 × 8 eV = 12 eV
Q26. A ball bounces off earth. You are asked to solve this quantum mechanically assuming the
earth is an infinitely hard sphere. Consider surface of earth as the origin implying
V (0 ) =∝ and a linear potential elsewhere (i.e. V ( x ) = −mgx for x > 0 ). Which of the
following wave functions is physically admissible for this problem (with k > 0 ):
2 2
(a) υ/ = e − kx / x (b) υ/ = xe − kx (c) υ/ = − Axe kx (d) υ/ = Ae − kx
Ans.: (b)
2
Solution: ψ = xe − kx
For given potential, at x = 0, and x = ∞ wave function must vanish.
Q27. The operator A and B share all the eigenstates. Then the least possible value of the
product of uncertainties ΔAΔB is
(a) (b) 0 (c) /2 (d) Determinant (AB)
Ans.: (b)





fiziks

Solution: ΔA ⋅ ΔB ≥
[AB]
2
ΔA ⋅ ΔB ≥ 0 ∵ A and B have share their eigen values
so [AB ] = 0
Q28. Consider a square well of depth − V0 and width a with V0 a fixed. Let V0 → ∞ and
a → 0 . This potential well has

(a) No bound states (b) 1 bound state
(c) 2 bound states (d) Infinitely many bound states
Ans.: (b)
Solution: It forms delta potential so it has only one bound state.





fiziks

JEST-2013
Q29. A particle of mass m is contained in a one-dimensional infinite well extending from
L L
x=− to x = . The particle is in its ground state given by ϕ 0 ( x ) = 2 / L cos(πx / L ) .
2 2
The walls of the box are moved suddenly to form a box extending from x = − L to x = L .
what is the probability that the particle will be in the ground state after this sudden
expansion?
(a) (8 / 3π ) (c) (16 / 3π ) (d) (4 / 3π )
2 2 2
(b) 0
Ans.: (a)
2 2 πx 2 πx
Solution: Probability φ 0 φ1 ,φ0 = cos , φ1 cos
L L 2L 2L
Since the wall of box are moved suddenly then
2 2
L/2 2 1 cos π x cos π x 2 1 L / 2 2 cos π x cos π x
Probability = ∫−L / 2 L
⋅
L L
⋅
2L
dx =
L 2 ∫− L / 2 L
⋅
2L
dx
2 L/2 2
2 1 L / 2 ⎡ ⎛ 3π x ⎞ ⎛ π x ⎞⎤ 2 1 ⎡ 2L 3π x 2 L π x⎤
⇒ ⋅ ∫ ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ dx ⇒ ⋅ ⎢ sin + sin
L 2 − L / 2
⎣ ⎝ 2L ⎠ ⎝ 2L ⎠⎦ L 2 ⎣ 3π 2L π 2 L ⎦⎥ − L / 2
2
2 1 ⎡ 2 L ⎛ 3π 3π ⎞ 2L ⎛ π π ⎞⎤
⇒ ⋅ ⎢ ⎜ sin + sin ⎟+ ⎜ sin + sin ⎟ ⎥
L 2 ⎣ 3π ⎝ 4 4 ⎠ π ⎝ 4 4 ⎠⎦
2 2
2 2 8
⇒ + =
3π π 3π
Q30. A quantum mechanical particle in a harmonic oscillator potential has the initial wave
function ψ/ 0 ( x ) + ψ/ 1 ( x ), where ψ/ 0 and ψ/ 1 are the real wavefunctions in the ground and
first excited state of the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian. For convenience we take
m= = ω = 1 for the oscillator. What is the probability density of finding the particle at
x at time t = π ?
(a) (ψ/ 1 ( x ) − ψ/ 0 ( x )) (b) (ψ 1 ( x )) − (ψ/ 0 ( x ))
2 2 2
(c) (ψ/ 1 ( x ) + ψ/ 0 ( x )) (d) (ψ/ 1 ( x )) + (ψ/ 0 ( x ))

2 2 2





fiziks

Ans.: (a)
Solution: ψ (x ) = ψ 0 ( x ) + ψ 1 ( x )
E0t E1t
ψ ( x, t ) = ψ 0 ( x ) e − i +ψ 1 ( x ) e−i
Now probability density at time t

t
ψ ( x, t ) = ψ * ( x, t )ψ ( x, t ) = ψ 0 ( x ) + ψ 1 ( x ) + 2 Reψ 0* ( x )ψ 1 ( x ) cos ( E1 − E0 )
2 2 2
putting t = π
ψ ( x, t ) = ψ 0 ( x ) + ψ 1 ( x ) + 2 Reψ 0* ( x )ψ 1 ( x ) cos π
2 2 2
∵ E1 − E0 = ω = 1
ψ ( x, t ) = ψ 0 ( x ) + ψ 1 ( x ) − 2 Reψ 0* ( x )ψ 1 ( x ) = ⎡⎣ψ 1 ( x ) −ψ 0 ( x ) ⎤⎦
2 2 2 2
Q31. If J x , J y and J z are angular momentum operators, the eigenvalues of the operator
(J x + jy )
are:
(a) real and discrete with rational spacing

(b) real and discrete with irrational spacing
(c) real and continuous
(d) not all real
Ans.: (b)
1 i ⎡0 1 ⎤ ⎡0 0⎤
Solution: J x = ( J+ + J− ) , J y = ( J− − J+ ) ⇒ J+ = ⎢ ⎥ , J − = ⎢1 0 ⎥
2 2 ⎣0 0 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡0 1 ⎤ i ⎡0 −1⎤ J + J y 1 ⎡ 0 1− i⎤
Jx = ⎢ ⎥ , Jy = ⎢ ⎥ ⇒ x = ⎢
2 ⎣1 0 ⎦ 2 ⎣1 0 ⎦ 2 ⎣1 + i 0 ⎥⎦
1 ⎛ − λ 1− i⎞
eigen value ⎜ ⎟ ⇒ λ2 − 2 = 0 ⇒ λ = ± 2
2 ⎜⎝1 + i − λ ⎟⎠





fiziks

Q32. A simple model of a helium-like atom with electron-electron interaction is replaced by
Hooke’s law force is described by Hamiltonian
− 2 2 λ
2m
(∇1 + ∇ 22 ) + mω 2 (r12 + r22 ) −
1
2 4
2
mω 2 r1 − r2 .
What is the exact ground state energy?
(a) E =
3
2
(
ω 1+ 1+ λ ) (b) E =
3
2
ω 1+ λ ( )
(c) E =
3
2
ω 1− λ (d) E =
3
2
(
ω 1+ 1− λ )
Ans.: (b)
⎛1 / 2 ⎞
Q33. Consider the state ⎜⎜1 / 2 ⎟⎟ corresponding to the angular momentum l = 1 in the L z basis
⎝1 / 2 ⎠
of states with m = +1, 0, − 1 . If L2z is measured in this state yielding a result 1, what is the
state after the measurement?
⎛1⎞ ⎛ 1/ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 0⎞ ⎛1 / 2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
(a) ⎜ 0 ⎟ (b) ⎜ 0 ⎟ (c) ⎜ 0 ⎟ (d) ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎜ 0⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 2/3⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝1 / 2 ⎠
Ans.: (d)
⎛1 0 0 ⎞ ⎛1 0 0⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛0⎞ ⎛0⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
Solution: L z = ⎜ 0 0 0 ⎟ , L z = ⎜ 0 0 0 ⎟ , eigenvector
2
⎜ 0⎟ , ⎜1⎟, ⎜0⎟
⎜ 0 0 − 1⎟ ⎜0 0 1⎟ ⎜ 0⎟ ⎜0⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Corresponding eigenvalue 1, 0, 1
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
⎜ ⎟ 1 ⎜ ⎟
Now state after measurement yielding 1⇒ φ1 + φ 3 = ⎜0⎟ = ⎜0⎟
⎜1⎟ 2⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝1⎠





fiziks

Q34. What are the eigenvalues of the operator H = σ ⋅ a , where σ are the three Pauli matrices
and a is a vector?
(a) a x + a y and a z (b) a x + a z ± ia y (c) ± (a x + a y + a z ) (d) ± a
Ans.: (d)
Solution: H = σ ⋅ a = (σ x .a x + σ y .a y + σ z .a z )
⎛0 1⎞ ⎛ 0 −i ⎞ ⎛1 0 ⎞
=⎜ ⎟ ax + ⎜ ⎟ ay + ⎜ ⎟ az
⎝1 0⎠ ⎝i 0 ⎠ ⎝ 0 −1⎠
⎛ az (a − ia y )⎞ ⎛ (a z − λ ) (a x − ia y ) ⎞
⇒ ⎜⎜ ⎟⇒⎜ ⎟
x
⎝ (a x + ia y ) − a z ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ (a x + ia y ) − (a z + λ )⎟⎠
⇒ −(a z − λ )(a z + λ ) − (a x − ia y )(a x + ia y )
− az2 + λ 2 − ax2 − a y2 = 0
λ 2 = ax2 + a y2 + az2
⇒λ =± a
⎛−∂⎞
Q35. The hermitian conjugate of the operator ⎜ ⎟ is
⎝ ∂x ⎠
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
(a) (b) − (c) i (d) − i
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
Ans.: (a)
⎞ ⎛ −∂ψ ( x ) ⎞
† *
⎛ * ∂
Solution: ⇒ ⎜ψ ( x ) − ψ ( x ) ⎟ = ⎜ ψ ( x) ⎟
⎝ ∂x ⎠ ⎜⎝ ∂x ⎟
⎠
∞ ⎡ ∂ ⎤ ∞ ∞ ∂ψ ( x ) *
⇒ ∫ ψ ( x ) ⎢ − ψ ( x ) ⎥ dx −ψ * ( x )ψ ( x ) − ∫ −
*
ψ ( x ) dx
−∞
⎣ ∂x ⎦ −∞ −∞ ∂x
∞ ∂ψ * ( x )
⇒∫ ψ ( x ) dx
−∞ ∂x





fiziks

Q36. If the expectation value of the momentum is p for the wavefunction ψ ( x ) , then the
expectation value of momentum for the wavefunction ei k x / ψ ( x ) is
(a) k (b) p − k (c) p + k (d) p
Ans.: (c)
∞ ⎛ ∂ ⎞
Solution: ∫ ψ * ( x ) ⎜ −i ⎟ψ ( x ) dx = p
−∞
⎝ ∂x ⎠
Now
∞ −
ikx
⎛ ∂ ⎞ ikx ∞
− ikx
⎡ ikx
∂ ik ikx ⎤
∫ e ψ * ( x ) ⎜ −i ⎟ e ψ ( x ) dx ⇒ ∫ e ψ * ( x )( −i ) ⎢e ψ ( x ) + e ψ ( x )⎥
−∞
⎝ ∂x ⎠ −∞
⎣ ∂x ⎦
∞ −
ikx
⎛ ∂ ⎞
ikx
∞ ik − ikx
⇒∫ e ψ * ( x ) ⎜ −i ψ ( x ) ⎟ e + ∫ −i . e ψ * ( x )ψ ( x ) dx
−∞
⎝ ∂x ⎠ −∞
∞ ⎡ ∂ ⎤ ∞
⇒ ∫ ψ * ( x ) ⎢ −i ψ ( x )⎥ + k ∫ ψ * ( x )ψ ( x ) ⇒ P + K
−∞
⎣ ∂x ⎦ −∞
Q37. Two electrons are confined in a one dimensional box of length L . The one-electron states
2 ⎛ nπ x ⎞
are given byψ n ( x ) = sin ⎜ ⎟ . What would be the ground state wave function
L ⎝ L ⎠
ψ ( x1 , x2 ) if both electrons are arranged to have the same spin state?
1 ⎡ 2 ⎛ πx1 ⎞ ⎛ 2πx 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2πx1 ⎞ ⎛ πx 2 ⎞⎤

(a) υ/ ( x1 , x 2 ) = ⎢ sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ + sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟⎥
2 ⎣L ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠ L ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠⎦
1 ⎡ 2 ⎛ πx1 ⎞ ⎛ 2πx 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2πx1 ⎞ ⎛ πx 2 ⎞⎤

(b) υ/ ( x1 , x 2 ) = ⎢ sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟⎥
2 ⎣L ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠ L ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠⎦
2 ⎛ πx1 ⎞ ⎛ 2πx 2 ⎞
(c) υ/ ( x1 , x 2 ) = sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
L ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠
2 ⎛ 2πx1 ⎞ ⎛ πx 2 ⎞
(d) υ/ ( x1 , x 2 ) = sin ⎜ ⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟
L ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠
Ans.: (b)





fiziks

1
Solution: Electrons are Fermions of spin and it wave functions are anti symmetric
2
Spin part is symmetric and space part will be anti symmetric (since total wave function is
anti symmetric)
Then
1 ⎡ 2 ⎛ πx1 ⎞ ⎛ 2πx 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2πx1 ⎞ ⎛ πx 2 ⎞⎤

= ⎢ L sin ⎜ L ⎟ . sin ⎜ L ⎟ − sin ⎜ ⎟. sin ⎜ ⎟⎥
2⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ L ⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠⎦
Q38. The operator

⎛d ⎞⎛ d ⎞
⎜ − x ⎟⎜ + x ⎟
⎝ dx ⎠⎝ dx ⎠
is equivalent to
d2 d2
(a) 2
− x2 (b) 2
− x2 +1
dx dx
d2 d d2 d
(c) 2
− x x2 +1 (d) 2
− 2x − x 2
dx dx dx dx
Ans.: (b)
⎛d ⎞⎛ d ⎞ ⎛d ⎞⎡ d ⎤
Solution: ⇒ ⎜ − x ⎟⎜ + x ⎟ f ( x ) ⇒ ⎜ − x ⎟ ⎢ f ( x ) + xf ( x )⎥
⎝ dx ⎠⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎣ dx ⎦
d ⎡d ⎤ d
⇒ ⎢ f (x ) + xf (x )⎥ − x f (x ) − x 2 f (x )
dx ⎣ dx ⎦ dx
d2 df ( x ) d
⇒ 2
f ( x) + f ( x) + x −x f ( x ) − x2 f ( x )
dx dx dx
d2 ⎛ d2 ⎞
⇒ 2
f ( x ) − x 2
f ( x ) + f ( x ) = ⎜⎜ 2 − x 2 + 1⎟⎟ f (x )
dx ⎝ dx ⎠





fiziks

Q39. If a proton were ten times, the ground state energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom
would be
(a) less
(b) more
(c) the same
(d) less, more or equal depending on the electron mass
Ans.: (b)
−13.6 0.99995 me
Solution: En = × ⇒ −13.59932 ∵ μ = 0.99995me
n2 me
JEST-2012
Q40. The ground state (apart from normalization) of a particle of unit mass moving in a one-
( )
dimensional potential V(x) is exp − x 2 / 2 cosh 2 x . The potential V(x), in suitable ( )
units so that h = 1, is (up to an addiative constant.)
(a) π2/2 (b) π 2 / 2 − 2 x tanh 2 x ( )
(c) π 2 / 2 − 2 x tan 2 x ( ) (d) π 2 / 2 − 2 x coth ( 2 x )
Ans. : (b)
Q41. Consider the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. If α is the fine-structure constant, the
velocity of the electron in its lowest orbit is
c c
(a) (b) or (1 − α ) c (c) α2 c (d) α c
1+α 1+α 2
Ans. : (d)
Solution: mvr = n
mv 2 1 ze 2
=
r 4π ∈0 r 2
1 ze 2
r=
4π ∈0 mr 2





fiziks

2
1 ze
mv ⋅ =n
4π ∈0 mv 2
ze 2 e2
v= and fine structure constant α =
4π ∈0 n 4π ∈0 c
ze 2
v=
4π ∈0 n
ze 2 ze 2 c
for lowest orbit v = ⇒v=
4π ∈0 4π ∈0 c
v = αc
Q42. ( )
Define σ x = f + + f , and σ y = −i ( f + − f ), where the σ’ are Pauli spin matrices and f,f†
obey anticommutation relations { f , f } = 0, {f , f † } = 1 . Then σ2 is given by

(a) ,f† f-1 (b) 2f† f-1 (c) 2f† f + 1 (d) f† f
Ans. : (c)
Solution: σ xσ y = iσ z
iσ z = σ x σ y
−i +
1
σ z = σ xσ y =
i i
( f + f )( f + − f )
[( )
2
= − f + − f + f + ff + − f 2 ]
[
= − − f + f + (1 − f + . f ) ]
= −[1 − 2 f f ] +
= 2 f + f −1
Q43. Consider a system of two spin-1/2 particles with total spin S = s1 +s2, where s1 and s2 are
in terms of Pauli matrices σi. The spin triplet projection operator is
1 3 3 1
(a) + s1 ⋅ s 2 (b) − s1 ⋅ s 2 (c) + s1 ⋅ s 2 (d) − s1 ⋅ s 2
4 4 4 4
Ans. : (c)





fiziks

Solution: ⇒ S = S1 + S 2 S = S1 + S 2 + 2 S 1 ⋅ S 2
2 2 2
⎛3 3 ⎞
S 2 = ⎜ + + 2.S1 ⋅ S2 ⎟ 2
∵ S = 0,1
⎝4 4 ⎠
⎡3 ⎤
S 2 = 2 ⎢ + S1 ⋅ S2 ⎥ 2
for Triplet projection operator
⎣4 ⎦
⎡3 ⎤
s ( s + 1) 2
= 2 ⎢ + S1 ⋅ S 2 ⎥ 2
S =1
⎣4 ⎦
⎛3 ⎞ 3
1(1 + 1) = 2⎜ + S1 ⋅ S 2 ⎟ ⇒ + S1 ⋅ S 2 = I
⎝4 ⎠ 4
Q44. Consider a spin-1/2 particle in the homogeneous magnetic field of magnitude B along z-
axis which is prepared initially in a state ψ =

1
2
(↑ + ↓ ) at time t = 0. at what time t
will the particles be in the state − ψ (μB is Bohr magneton)?
π 2π π
(a) t = (b) t = (c) t = (d) Never
μB B μB B 2μ B B
Ans.: (a)
1 ⎛1⎞
Solution: E = μ B ⋅ Bzˆ ψ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
2 ⎝1⎠
iEt
1 ⎛1⎞ −
ψ ( x, t ) = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟e ⇒ ψ 1 (x, t ) = − ψ
2 ⎝1⎠
− iμ B Bt
1 ⎛1⎞ − 1 ⎛1⎞
⎜ ⎟e = ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎜⎝1⎟⎠ 2 ⎜⎝1⎟⎠
− iμ B Bt
e = −1
⎛ μ Bt ⎞
cos⎜ B ⎟ = cos π
⎝ ⎠
μB B t π
=π ⇒t =
μB B





fiziks

Q45. The ground state energy of 5 identical spin-1/2 particles which are subject to a one-
dimensional simple harmonic oscillator potential of frequency ωis
(a) (15/2)ћω (b) (13/2)ћω (c) (1/2)ћω (d) 5ћω
Ans. : (b)
1
Solution: ⇒ degeneracy 2s + 1 = 2 × +1 = 2
2
1 3 5 13
Eground = 2 × ω + 2 × ω + 1× ω = ω
2 2 2 2
Q46. The spatial part of a two-electron state is symmetric under exchange. If ↑ and ↓
represent the spin-up and spin-down states respectively of each particle, the spin-part of
the two-particle state is
(a) ↑ ↓ (b) ↓ ↑
(
(c) ↓ ↑ − ↑ ↓ / 2 ) (
(d) ↓ ↑ + ↑ ↓ / 2 )
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Since electron are Fermion and Fermions have antisymmetric wave function
∵ spatial part is symmetric then its spin part is antisymmetric to maintain antisymmtric
wave function
ψ (x ) =
1
2
(↓ ↑ − ↑ ↓ )
Q47. The wave function of a free particle in one dimension is given by
υ/ ( x ) = A sin x + B sin 3x . Then υ/ ( x ) is an eigenstate of
(a) the position operator (b) the Hamiltonian
(c) the momentum operator (d) the parity operator
Ans. : (d) ψ (− x ) = ψ ( x )
= −ψ ( x ) {parity (even and odd)
ψ (− x ) = A sin (− x ) + B sin (− 3x ) = −[A sin x + B sin 3x ]
ψ (− x ) = −ψ ( x ) ⇒ parity i.e. parity operator





fiziks

Q48. The quantum state sin x ↑ + exp(iφ ) cos x ↓ , where ↑ ↓ = 0 and x, ф are,real, is
orthogonal to:
(a) sin x ↑ (b) cos x ↑ + exp(iφ )sin x ↓
(c) − cos x ↑ − exp(iφ )sin x ↓ (d) − exp(− iφ ) cos x ↑ + sin x ↓
Ans.: (d)
Solution: ↑ ↓ = 0 , ψ = sin x ↑ + exp(iφ ) cos x ↓
ψ ′ ψ = − exp ( iφ ) cos x sin x ↑ ↑ − exp ( iφ ) exp ( iφ ) cos x ↓ ↑ + sin 2 x ↓ ↑ + exp ( iφ ) cos x sin x ↓ ↓
= − exp(iφ ) cos x sin x + exp(iφ ) cos x sin x = 0
Q49. The binding energy of the hydrogen atom (electron bound to proton) is 13.6 eV. The
binding energy of peritoneum (electron bound to positron) is
(a) 13.6 / 2 eV (b) 13.6 / 1810 eV
(c) 13.6 × 1810 eV (d) 13.6 × 2 eV
Ans.: (a)
13.6 μ
Solution: E n′ = −
n 2 me
me ⋅ me m
μ= =
me + me 2
13.6 me
E n′ = − ⋅
n 2 2me
13.6 1
E n′ = − × 2
2 n
13.6
Thus binding energy will be eV
2






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2 . The system is prepared in ket-state

described by the ket

coordinate q , with q > 0 is:

For probability at point point q dq is insignificant so ( p ( q ) ) =

(b) Yxy is an eigenfunction of L2 but not Lz

(c) Yxy is an eigenfunction both of Lz but not L2

(d) Yxy is not an eigenfunction of either L2 and Lz

So Yxy is an eigenfunction of L2 but not Lz

result h for the state S x υ/ ?

ψ n (θ + 2π ) = ψ n (θ ) will satisfied the Hamiltonian and value of E =

Q11. For operators P and Q , the commutator ⎡⎣ P, Q −1 ⎤⎦ is

(a) Q −1 [ P, Q ] Q −1 (b) −Q −1 [ P, Q ] Q −1 (c) Q −1 [ P, Q ] Q (d) −Q [ P, Q ] Q −1

(a) (b) − (c) 0 (d)

The exact ground state eigenfunction is υ/ ( x ) = A sec h ( λ x ) where A and λ are

constants. The ground state energy eigenvalue of this system is,

= − Aλ 2 ⎡⎣sec h ( λ x ) ⎡⎣ − tan 2 h ( λ x ) + sec2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ ⎤⎦

= − Aλ 2 ⎡⎣sec h ( λ x ) ⎡⎣sec 2 h ( λ x ) − tan 2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ ⎤⎦

= − Aλ 2 ⎡sec h ( λ x ) ⎣⎡sec 2 h ( λ x ) − ⎡⎣1 − sec 2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ ⎦⎤ ⎤

= − Aλ 2 ⎡⎣sec h ( λ x ) ⎡⎣sec 2 h ( λ x ) − 1 + sec 2 h ( λ x ) ⎤⎦ ⎤⎦

written in spherical polar coordinate, which is dimension of ( length )

For wave function ψ (α r , t )

Q19. If a Hamiltonian H is given as H = 0 0 − 1 1 + i ( 0 1 − 1 0 ) , where 0 and 1 are

orthonormal states, the eigenvalues of H are

Now probability getting +

operator, where n̂ is a unit vector parametrized in terms of two angles

(c) l (l + 1) − m 2 sin θ (d) l (l + 1) − m 2 cos θ

A = Lx sin θ cos φ + Ly sin θ sin φ + Lz cos θ

A 2 = L2x sin 2 θ cos 2 φ + L2y sin 2 θ sin 2 φ + L2z cos 2 θ

a → 0 . This potential well has

(c) (ψ/ 1 ( x ) + ψ/ 0 ( x )) (d) (ψ/ 1 ( x )) + (ψ/ 0 ( x ))

Now probability density at time t

(a) real and discrete with rational spacing

What is the exact ground state energy?

⇒ −(a z − λ )(a z + λ ) − (a x − ia y )(a x + ia y )

expectation value of momentum for the wavefunction ei k x / ψ ( x ) is

(a) k (b) p − k (c) p + k (d) p

1 ⎡ 2 ⎛ πx1 ⎞ ⎛ 2πx 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2πx1 ⎞ ⎛ πx 2 ⎞⎤

1 ⎡ 2 ⎛ πx1 ⎞ ⎛ 2πx 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2πx1 ⎞ ⎛ πx 2 ⎞⎤

1 ⎡ 2 ⎛ πx1 ⎞ ⎛ 2πx 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2πx1 ⎞ ⎛ πx 2 ⎞⎤

Q38. The operator

obey anticommutation relations { f , f } = 0, {f , f † } = 1 . Then σ2 is given by

axis which is prepared initially in a state ψ =

(c) − cos x ↑ − exp(iφ )sin x ↓ (d) − exp(− iφ ) cos x ↑ + sin x ↓

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