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CHAPTER 1
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS
The following are specialized terms commonly BATTERY-ELECTRIC TRUCK: An electric
used when discussing hoisting and rigging truck in which the power source is a storage
operations. Many may not be used in this battery.
standard but are included for general
information. The terms are arranged in BECKET LOOP: A loop of small rope or a
alphabetical order. Illustrations are included for strand of rope fastened to the end of a large wire
clarity. rope to facilitate installation.
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overhauling condition to provide a retarding CENTER CONTROL: The position near the
force. center of a truck cab from which the operator
controls movement of the truck.
BRAKING, MECHANICAL: A method of
slowing motion by friction. CHOKER ROPE: A short wire-rope sling used
to form a slip noose around the object to be
BRAKING, REGENERATIVE: A form of moved or lifted (see Figure 1-1).
dynamic braking in which the electrical energy
generated is fed back into the power system.
BULL RING: The main large ring of a sling to CIRCUMFERENCE: Measured perimeter of a
which sling legs are attached. circle circumscribing the wires of a strand or the
strands of a wire rope.
BUMPER (BUFFER): An energy-absorbing
device for reducing impact when a moving CLAMP, STRAND: A fitting used to form a
overhead crane or trolley reaches the end of its loop at the end of a length of strand; consists of
permitted travel, or when two moving cranes or two grooved plates and bolts.
trolleys come into contact. CLEARANCE: The distance by which one
object clears another, or the clear space between
CAB: The operator's compartment. them.
CABLE: A term loosely applied to wire ropes, CLEVIS: A U-shaped fitting with pins.
wire strands, manila ropes, and electrical
conductors. CLIP: A fitting used to clamp two parts of wire
rope.
CABLE-LAID WIRE ROPE: A type of wire
rope consisting of several independent wire ropes CLOSED SOCKET: A wire-rope fitting
laid into a single wire rope. consisting of an integral becket and bail.
CABLE CROWD ROPE: A wire rope used to CLOSING LINE: Wire rope that closes a
force the bucket of a power shovel into the clamshell or orange-peel bucket and then
material being handled. operates as a hoisting rope.
CANTILEVER TRUCK: A self-loading COIL: Circular bundle of wire rope not packed
counterbalanced or noncounterbalanced truck on a reel.
equipped with cantilever load-engaging means,
such as forks (see Figure 10-3). COLLECTOR: Contacting device mounted on
a bridge or trolley and used to collect current
CARRIAGE: A support structure for forks or from the conductor system.
attachments, generally roller-mounted, traveling
vertically within the mast of a cantilever truck. COME-ALONG: A portable, hand-operated
device consisting of a housing, a length of chain
CENTER: A single wire or fiber in the center of or wire rope, two hooks, and a ratcheting lever,
a strand around which the wires are laid. that is used for miscellaneous pulling.
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DOG-LEG: Permanent short bend or kink in a FIBER CORES: Cords or rope made of
wire rope caused by improper use. vegetable fiber used in the core of a wire rope.
DRAGLINE: Wire rope used to pull an FIRST POINT: The first setting on the
excavating or drag bucket. operator's controller that starts crane motion
(slowly) in each direction.
DRIVE: Motor, coupling, brake and gear case,
or gear cases used to propel bridge, trolley, or FITTING: Any accessory used as an attachment
hoist. for wire rope.
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GROOVED DRUM: Drum with grooved outer INTERNALLY LUBRICATED: Wire rope or
surface to accommodate and guide a rope. strand having all wires coated with lubricant.
GROOVES: Depressions in the outer surface KINK: Permanent distortion of wires and
of a sheave or drum for positioning and strands resulting from sharp bends.
supporting a rope.
LAGGING: External wood covering on a reel of
GUY LINE: Strand or rope, usually galvanized, rope or a strand.
for holding a structure in position.
LANG-LAY ROPE: Wire rope in which the
HANDLING FIXTURE: A cradle, structure, wires in the strands and the strands in the rope
shipping fixture, or container designed are laid in the same direction.
specifically to facilitate supporting, lifting, or
handling a component during fabrication,
loading, shipping, storage, or installation.
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LIFT, ORDINARY: Any lift not designated as a MARLINE SPIKE: Tapered steel pin used in
critical lift or a preengineered production lift. splicing wire rope.
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PRESTRESSING: Stressing a wire rope or NOTE: At the option of the user, a rated
strand before use under such a tension and for capacity can be assigned that is less than the
such a time that stretch that would otherwise design-rated capacity.
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SAFE WORKING LOAD: Load that a rope SIDE LOADER: A self-loading truck,
may carry economically and safely. generally high-lift, having load-engaging means
mounted in such a manner that it can be extended
SEALE: A strand construction having one size laterally under control to permit a load to be
of cover wires with the same number of one size picked up and deposited in the extended position
of wires in the inner layer and each layer having and transported in the retracted position (see
the same length and direction of lay. Most Figure 10-3).
common construction is one center wire, nine
inner wires, and nine cover wires. SIDE PULL: That portion of a hoist pull acting
horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated
SEIZE: To securely bind the end of a wire rope vertically.
or strand with seizing wire or strand.
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SLINGS: Wire ropes, chains, synthetic web, SWITCH, LIMIT: A switch that is operated by
and metal mesh made into forms, with or without some part or motion of a power-driven machine
fittings, for handling loads. or equipment to alter the electrical circuit
associated with the machine or equipment.
SLINGS, BRAIDED: Very flexible slings
composed of several individual wire ropes SWITCH, MAIN: A switch controlling the
braided together. entire power supply to a crane or other
equipment, often called the disconnect switch.
SMOOTH-FACED DRUM: Drum with a
plain, not grooved, face. TAG LINE: A rope used to prevent rotation of a
load.
SPAN: The horizontal, center-to-center distance
of runway rails. TAPERING AND WELDING: Reducing the
diameter of the end of a wire rope and welding it
SPIRAL GROOVE: Groove that follows the to facilitate reeving.
path of a helix around a drum, similar to the
thread of a screw. THIMBLE: Grooved metal fitting to protect the
eye of a wire rope (see Figure 1-4).
SPLICING: Interweaving of two ends of rope to
make a continuous or endless length without
appreciably increasing the diameter. Also refers
to making a loop or eye in the end of a rope by
tucking the ends of the strands.
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