Can Sterilization

Calculation of: a) the temperature variation with time in a cylindrical can during sterilization using
b) the thermal death time, F, for the center of a can
1. Instructions
a. On the Tools menu, click Options, then click the Calculation tab and tick on the Iteration
b. To acheive the required F value for the slowest heated point, adjust the steam temperature or the
c. It is adequate to calculate the temperature distribution only in one quarter of the cross sectional are
2. Procedure
In the spreadsheet "Calculations"
a. Insert the parameter values in the yellow cells
b. Insert values for the control variables (steam temperature and onset of cooling cycle)
c. Turn the "SWITCH" ON (set the value in the cell G1 (red cell) equal to 1 and press ENTER)
d. Iterate (by pressing F9) until the F value (green cell) does not increase further
e. Read the local temperature for the center and the point with coordinates(1,1) in the green cells
f. To read the temperature at any other point, find the node with the given coordinates in the cells O1
g. See the change of temperature with time in the plot
h. If the F value delivered is lower than a given F, increase steam temperature or the time for the onse
i. To recalculate for different parameter values, turn the "SWITCH" OFF (set the value in the cell G1 e
3. Equations
Transient two-dimensional finite difference explicit method equations
a. Interior nodes
Fr Δr t
T t+Δt t t t
ij =T ij +Fr ( T i−1, j−2 T ij+T i+1, j ) + ( T i−1, j −T ti+1, j) + Fy (T ti, j−1 −2 T tij+T ti , j+1 )
D
b. Node at the center
T t+Δt t t t t
ij =T ij +4 Fr ( T i−1, j −T ij ) +2 Fy ( T i , j−1 −T ij )
c. Vertical axis nodes, except center
T t+Δt t t t t t
ij =T ij +4 Fr ( T i−1, j −T ij ) +Fy ( T i, j−1 −2 T ij +T i, j+1 )
d. Horizontal axis nodes, except center
Fr Δr t
T t+Δt t t t
ij =T ij + Fr ( T i−1, j−2 T ij +T i+1, j ) + ( T i−1, j −T ti+1, j) +2 Fy ( T ti, j−1 −T tij)
D
with
( Td ) ( Δt ) ( Td ) ( Δt )
Fr = F y=
Δr 2 Δy2
T= temperature
Td= thermal diffusivity
Δt=time step
Δr=step in the radial direction
Δy=step along the axis
D=diameter of the can
g sterilization using finite difference method and
the Iteration box. On Maximum iterations box write 500.

m temperature or the time for the onset of cooling period
he cross sectional area due to symmetry
press ENTER)
in the green cells

inates in the cells O13 to BA69 and read the temperature
r the time for the onset of cooling period. Repeat steps 2a to 2g

value in the cell G1 equal to 0 and press ENTER). Repeat steps 2a to 2h
Sterilization of a cylindrical can
Heat transfer in radial and axial directions
Assumptions: Surface resistance is negligible

Heat is transferred inside the can by conduction
Thermal diffusivity is constant
Symmetry is assumed along the two axes of the can
Temperature, οC
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4Time,0.5
min 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Tautoclave Tcenter T11

Input data
Initial can temperature To= 30 oC
Cooling water temperature Tcw= 40 oC
Reference temperature TR= 121 oC

z-value z= 10 oC
Thermal diffusivity Td= 1.30E-07 m2/s
Autoclave temperature
Time Temperature
min o
C
0 40
1 60
2 90
3 125
4 125
5 125
6 125
7 125
8 125
9 125
10 125
11 125
12 125
13 125
14 125
15 125
16 125
17 125
18 125
19 125
20 125
21 125
22 125
23 125
24 125
25 125
26 125
27 125
28 125
29 125
30 125
31 125
32 125
33 125
34 125
35 125
36 125
37 125
38 125
39 125
40 125
41 83
42 56
43 40
44 40
45 40
46 40
47 40
48 40
49 40
50 40
51 40
52 40
53 40
54 40
55 40
56 40
57 40
58 40
59 40
60 40
61 40
62 40
63 40
64 40
65 40
66 40
67 40
68 40
69 40
70 40
71 40
72 40
73 40
74 40
75 40
76 40
77 40
78 40
79 40
80 40
81 40
82 40
83 40
84 40
85 40
86 40
87 40
88 40
89 40
90 40
91 40
92 40
93 40
94 40
95 40
96 40
97 40
98 40
99 40
100 40
SWITCH= 1
Control variables
Steam temperature Ts= 125 oC
Onset of cooling period t= 40 min
Time= Err:523 seconds

PLOTTIME= Err:523 min
Time step dt= Err:523 seconds
Autoclave temperature= Err:523 C
o
Height of the can L= 0.112 m

Diameter of the can Dc = 0.076 m
dy= 0.001 m
dr= 0.001 m
Fy= Err:523
Fr= Err:523
Fy+Fr= Err:523
Results
Temperature at the center Tcenter= Err:523 C
o
Temperature at y=0.01, r=0.01 T11= Err:523 C

o
Thermal death time at the center F= Err:523 min

Time Tautoclave Tcenter T11
(min) (oC) (oC) (oC)
0 0 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523
1 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523
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surface nodes
interior nodes
horizontal axis nodes
vertical axis nodes
center node
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
m 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
0 0 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523
1 0.001 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523



7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017
Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
0.018 0.019 0.02 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.025 0.026 0.027 0.028
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
0.029 0.03 0.031 0.032 0.033 0.034 0.035 0.036 0.037 0.038
Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523
Fcenter= ###
min

Can Sterilization

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Calculation of: a) the temperature variation with time in a cylindrical can during sterilization using

b) the thermal death time, F, for the center of a can

c. Vertical axis nodes, except center

d. Horizontal axis nodes, except center

the Iteration box. On Maximum iterations box write 500.

in the green cells

r the time for the onset of cooling period. Repeat steps 2a to 2g

Assumptions: Surface resistance is negligible

Tautoclave Tcenter T11

Reference temperature TR= 121 oC

Time= Err:523 seconds

Height of the can L= 0.112 m

Temperature at y=0.01, r=0.01 T11= Err:523 C

Thermal death time at the center F= Err:523 min

20 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523

11 0.011 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523

12 0.012 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523

14 0.014 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523

15 0.015 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523

19 0.019 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523

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