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Abstract— Presented paper utilizes a reasonable boost conditions and power quality issues have to be taken into
converter setup and a PI controller for a Wind Turbine connected consideration.
to Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) for grid
coordinated operations. In view of inconstant flow of wind, wind In AC generation systems, featured on PMSG is one of most
turbine generator produces variable-voltage and variable favourable and reliable approaches of power generation for
frequency. A few unique strategies were utilized to change small and big wind turbines. To meet amplitude and frequency
variable-voltage, variable-frequency to reliable constant-voltage, requirements of regular loads, amplitude and frequency outputs
constant-frequency outputs. In variable speed operation, it is of PMSG demands additional conditioning [3]. Advantages of
important to utilize power electronics converter as an interface PMSGs are highest energy yield, better active/reactive power
between wind turbine and grid. Power converter comprises of an controllability, no need of brush/slip rings, high power density,
uncontrolled three-phase diode rectifier, a DC-DC boost converter there are no copper losses on rotor, smaller rotor inertia, low
and a three-phase inverter. In this work, PMSG which feeds an mechanical stress, robustness of rotor and less acoustic noise.
isolated load through a closed loop boost Converter maintaining produced ac power can be controlled by power electronic
constant output with reference value as error signal input to PI circuits according to load application, such circuits can be ac
controller using Cohen-Coon tuning method. In this PI controller, voltage controller, rectifiers and chopper for dc powered loads
DC link voltage is maintained at constant by varying duty ratio of are mostly utilized. In this model, generated power from PMSG
switch and continuously detecting output voltage. Together with
which is variable in nature is converted to constant dc by diode
controller and boost converter we can effectively enhance output
full bridge rectifier and fed to closed loop boost converter [4].
voltage and frequency of generator feeding isolated load. The
overall system is simulated using MATLAB/ Simulink and results This arrangement is a bidirectional power conversion unit,
are compared with theoretical results. in which first converter acts as rectifier and second one works
as inverter in whole process of power conversion in either
Keywords— Wind Turbine, Wind Energy conversion system direction of flow of power. A DC-link capacitor is connected in
(WECS), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG),. PI parallel between two converters to achieve complete control
Controller, Three Phase Diode Bridge Rectifier, Closed Loop Boost
over current injected into isolated load, DC-link voltage across
Converter, Cohen-Coon Tuning Method.
capacitor is maintained at higher value than load side line-to-
I. INTRODUCTION line voltage. transfer function of boost converter is acquired
using state space averaging method, which is used in design of
Long ago, studies on wind energy have increased rapidly all PI controller using Cohen-Coon tuning method. To abolish
over world. There are plenty of reasons of interest in wind offset, integral action of PI controllers is utilized in closed loop.
energy. However, major need is of increasing energy demand, Therefore, PI controllers establish a balance between difficulty
different ecological issues and worries about reserves of and ability that acknowledge them as most widely used
conventional sources of energy, for example, oil, coal and gases algorithm in process control applications. This constant DC
[1]. Despite of other sustainable energy sources, wind energy output is converted to AC using a Sine PWM three phase
gets high consideration, especially most one. Subsequently, inverter and it is fed to load.
wind turbines and various energy storage systems have turned
out to be essential sources and mechanism. Clearly wind energy II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
is a broadly utilized sustainable energy source. Since electricity
is produced from variable wind speed, generated voltage and A. Block Diagram of Proposed System
frequency magnitudes are also variable in nature. However, at Permanent magnet synchronous generator is having wind
load busses, frequency and voltage should have constant turbine as its prime mover. Since wind speed is variable in
magnitude, because commercially available appliances and nature, PMSG output is also variable. Consequently, it can't be
loads are designed in such a way to function at standard interfaced with grid directly. Using a full bridge rectifier, yield
frequency and voltage [2]. That’s why in WECS operating of PMSG is changed over to DC and by a closed loop Boost
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converter variable DC is converted to constant DC. Using an 1 0 . 035 (4)
inverter this constant DC output is converted to AC. With Sine λi = −
λ + 0 . 08 β β 3
+1
PWM technique this inverter is operated and it is then fed to
load.
Mechanical torque developed by turbine
Wind
Turbine
Pm (5)
L Tm =
ωm
D
ω
L qω eiq
λ = m R (3)
Vw -
3
φ sf ω e
2
1 τ ª t º
K p = . .« 0 . 9 + d »
Fig. 5. Colsed loop PI controller K td ¬ 12τ ¼
§ t · (17)
F. Cohen-Coon Tuning Method- ¨ 30 + 3 d ¸
KI = td ¨ τ ¸
The PI controller was designed with derived transfer ¨ td ¸
function using Cohen-Coon tuning approach [15]. Step ¨ 9 + 20 ¸
response of system transfer function is derive in this method, © τ ¹
which is S- shaped curve called as reaction curve. Cohen-Coon
III. SIMULATION RESULT AND ANALYSIS
tuning method requires three parameters which are obtained
from reaction curve in Fig. 6. Simulation results of proposed system having Wind turbine,
PMSG, three phase diode rectifiers attached to boost converter
are shown. Here in system we are using wind Turbine of power
B in which wind speed is set to 12 m/s with zero pitch and PMSG
connected via drive train having parameters displayed in
TABLE I.
yb Wind Turbine
Step change
Density of air 1 . 225 kg / m 3
A
Actual in response
response Area driven by blades 1 . 06 m 2
t PMSG parameters
tb τ
Number of pole pairs 10
Rated current 12 A
Y ( s)
G PRC ( s ) = m (15) Rated Torque 40 N-m
C (s)
Rated power 6 KW
Vabc (volt)
variable voltage and variable frequency is provided by PMSG
as its output and output of PMSG is fed to Boost converter for
improvement in its performance in terms of smoothing or
constant outcome of 500 V. Boost converter employs PWM
controlling technique using Cohen-Coon tuning method which
provides Kp and Ki value for a PI controller using equation (17)
for providing three-phase balanced output voltage and
frequency with fixed dc.
Fig.14 gives outcome of closed loop boost converter when
load is synchronized to 70% of nominal value. Response shows Fig. 9. Three phase sinusoidal output Voltage of PMSG
that dc voltage as output of boost converter is maintained
constant at 500 V irrespective of changes in speed.
Turbine output power (pu of nominal mechanical power)
Iabc(amp)
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