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SHEMIL
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
DMWIMS
LIVER
The liver has 2 main lobes: the larger right lobe and the smaller
left lobe. Each lobe is divided into segments
BLOOD VESSELS
The liver has 2 major sources of blood:
portal vein – carries blood from the digestive system to the liver
(75% of the liver’s blood supply comes from the portal vein).
hepatic artery – supplies the liver with oxygen-rich blood from the
heart
FUNCTIONS
1.produces bile
Bilehelps the small intestine digest fat and absorb fats, cholesterol and some
vitamins.
2.absorbs and uses (metabolizes) bilirubin
Bilirubinis a yellow-red substance formed from hemoglobin when red blood
cells (RBCs) break down.
The iron from the hemoglobin is stored in the liver or used by the bone marrow
to produce new RBCs.
3.helps the body make blood-clotting (coagulation) factors
The body needs bile, which is produced by the liver, to absorb vitamin K. The
body uses vitamin K to produce blood-clotting factors.
4.helps the body metabolize fat
Bile breaks down fat from food to make it easier to digest.
5.metabolizes protein
Liver
enzymes break down proteins from food so they can be
digested and used by the body.
6.metabolizes carbohydrates
The body breaks down carbohydrates from food into glycogen,
which is stored in the liver. The liver breaks down glycogen into
glucose and releases it into the blood to maintain normal blood
sugar levels.
7.stores vitamins and minerals
Vitamins A, D, E, K and B12 are stored in the liver.
The liver stores and releases copper as needed.
8.filters the blood
The liver filters certain substances from the blood so that they don’t
build up and cause damage. These substances can come from within or
outside the body
DEFINITION
Cirrhosis is a slowly progressing disease in which
healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue, eventually
preventing the liver from functioning properly. The scar tissue
blocks the flow of blood through the liver and slows the processing
of nutrients, hormones, drugs, and naturally produced toxins.
CAUSES
1. Alcohol( typically, more than two or three drinks per day over a number of years )
2. Hepatitis B
3. Hepatitis C
4. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
a. Overweight
b. Diabetes
c. High blood fats
5. A number of less common causes include,
a. Autoimmune hepatitis
b. Primary biliary cirrhosis(Primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune disease of the liver. It results from a
slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition
called cholestasis.)