Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Jammu
6 References Karnataka
7 External links
Puducherry Andaman
and
Tamil Nadu Nicobar
Lakshadweep Kerala Islands
1947–1950
Administrative division of India in 1951 Between 1947 and 1950, the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the
Indian Union. Most were merged into existing provinces; others were organised into new provinces,
such as Rajputana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, and Vindhya Pradesh, made up of multiple
princely states; a few, including Mysore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Bilaspur, became separate provinces. The new Constitution of India, which
came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of
States".[12] The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states:
Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of British India, were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature. The nine
Part A states were Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central Provinces and Berar), Madras, Orissa, Punjab (formerly East
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Punjab), Uttar Pradesh (formerly the United Provinces), and West Bengal.
The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of princely states, governed by a rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a
constituent state, and an elected legislature. The rajpramukh was appointed by the President of India. The Part B states were Hyderabad,
Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Bharat, Mysore, Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), Rajasthan, Saurashtra, and Travancore-
Cochin.
The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners' provinces and some princely states, and each was governed by a chief
commissioner appointed by the President of India. The Part C states were Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh,
Cutch, Manipur, Tripura, and Vindhya Pradesh.
The only Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the central
government.
The Union Territory of Puducherry was created in 1954 comprising the previous French enclaves of Pondichéry, Karaikal, Yanam and Mahé.[13]
Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu-speaking northern districts of Madras State.[14]
The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states.[15] As a result of
this act, Madras State retained its name with Kanyakumari district added to from Travancore-Cochin. Andhra Pradesh was created with the
merger of Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in 1956. Kerala was created with the merger of Malabar district
and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara districts of Madras State with Travancore-Cochin. Mysore State was re-organized with the addition of
districts of Bellary and South Canara (excluding Kasaragod taluk) and the Kollegal taluk of Coimbatore district from the Madras State, the
districts of Belgaum, Bijapur, North Canara and Dharwad from Bombay State, the Kannada-majority districts of Bidar, Raichur and Gulbarga
from Hyderabad State and the province of Coorg. The Laccadive Islands which were divided between South Canara and Malabar districts of
Madras State were united and organised into the union territory of Lakshadweep.
Bombay State was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division of Madhya
Pradesh and Marathwada region of Hyderabad State. Rajasthan and Punjab gained territories from Ajmer and Patiala and East Punjab States
Union respectively and certain territories of Bihar was transferred to West Bengal.
Post-1956
Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act.[16] Nagaland
was formed on 1 December 1963.[17] The Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer
of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh.[18] The act also designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of
Punjab and Haryana.[19][20]
Madras state was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968. North-eastern states of Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972.[21]
Mysore State was renamed as Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy
was abolished.[22] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern
exclaves of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli became separate union territories.[23]
In November 2000, three new states were created; namely, Chhattisgarh from eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal from northwest Uttar Pradesh
(renamed Uttarakhand in 2007) and Jharkhand from southern districts of Bihar.[24][25][26][27] Orissa was renamed as Odisha in 2011. Telangana
was created on 2 June 2014 as ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh.[28][29]
Current proposals
List
States
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ISO Additional
Vehicle Area Official
State 3166- Capital Largest city Statehood Population[30] official
code (km2) languages[31]
2:IN languages[31]
Arunachal 20 February
IN-AR AR Itanagar 1,383,727 83,743 English —
Pradesh 1987
26 January
Assam IN-AS AS Dispur Guwahati 31,205,576 78,550 Assamese —
1950
26 January
Bihar IN-BR BR Patna 104,099,452 99,200 Hindi Urdu
1950
1 November
Chhattisgarh IN-CT CG Naya Raipur Raipur 25,545,198 135,194 Hindi —
2000
30 May
Goa IN-GA GA Panaji Vasco da Gama 1,458,545 3,702 Konkani Marathi
1987
1 November
Haryana IN-HR HR Chandigarh Faridabad 25,351,462 44,212 Hindi Punjabi[34][35]
1966
Himachal 25 January
IN-HP HP Shimla 6,864,602 55,673 Hindi English
Pradesh 1971
15
Jharkhand IN-JH JH Ranchi Jamshedpur November 32,988,134 74,677 Hindi Urdu[36]
2000
1 November
Karnataka IN-KA KA Bangalore 61,095,297 191,791 Kannada —
1956
1 November
Kerala IN-KL KL Thiruvananthapuram Kochi 33,406,061 38,863 Malayalam —
1956
Madhya 1 November
IN-MP MP Bhopal Indore 72,626,809 308,252 Hindi —
Pradesh 1956
21 January
Manipur IN-MN MN Imphal 2,855,794 22,347 Meitei English
1972
21 January
Meghalaya IN-ML ML Shillong 2,966,889 22,720 English Khasi[a]
1972
1 December
Nagaland IN-NL NL Kohima Dimapur 1,978,502 16,579 English —
1963
26 January
Odisha IN-OR OD Bhubaneswar 41,974,218 155,820 Odia —
1950
1 November
Punjab IN-PB PB Chandigarh Ludhiana 27,743,338 50,362 Punjabi —
1966
1 November
Rajasthan IN-RJ RJ Jaipur 68,548,437 342,269 Hindi English
1956
Bhutia, Gurung,
Lepcha,
Limboo,
16 May
Sikkim IN-SK SK Gangtok 610,577 7,096 English Manger,
1975
Mukhia,
Newari, Rai,
Sherpa, Tamang
26 January
Tamil Nadu IN-TN TN Chennai 72,147,030 130,058 Tamil English
1950
Telugu,
Telangana IN-TG TS HyderabadNote 1 2 June 2014 35,193,978[37] 114,840[37] —
Urdu[38]
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ISO Additional
Vehicle Area Official
State 3166- Capital Largest city Statehood Population[30] official
code (km2) languages[31]
2:IN languages[31]
Bengali,
21 January
Tripura IN-TR TR Agartala 3,673,917 10,492 Kokborok, —
1972
English
Uttar 26 January
IN-UP UP Lucknow Kanpur 199,812,341 243,286 Hindi Urdu
Pradesh 1950
9 November
Uttarakhand IN-UT UK DehradunNote 2 10,086,292 53,483 Hindi Sanskrit[39]
2000
Hindi, Urdu,
26 January Bengali,
West Bengal IN-WB WB Kolkata 91,276,115 88,752 Santali, Odia
1950 Nepali[b]
and Punjabi
^Note 1 Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014.[40][41][42] Hyderabad,
located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years.[43]
The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the
envisaged new capital city Amaravati in early 2017.[32]
^Note 2 Dehradun is the interim capital of Uttarakhand. The town of Gairsain is envisaged as the state's new capital.
Union territories
ISO
Vehicle Largest Area Official Additional official
Union territory 3166- Capital Population[30]
code city (km2) languages[31] languages[31]
2:IN
Andaman and
IN-AN AN Port Blair 380,581 8,249 English, Hindi —
Nicobar Islands
Delhi IN-DL DL New Delhi —[e] 16,787,941 1,490 Hindi Punjabi, Urdu[44]
Former states
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Gwalior (winter)
Madhya Bharat 1947–1956 Madhya Pradesh
Indore (summer)
Patiala and East Punjab States Union Patiala 1948–1956 Punjab, India
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See also
Autonomous regions of India
Emblems of Indian States
ISO 3166-2:IN
List of adjectives and demonyms for states and territories of India
List of states and union territories of India by population
List of states in India by past population
List of states of India by wildlife population
List of Indian state and union territory name etymologies
Subdivisions of India
List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)
Notes
a. Khasi language has been declared as the Additional Official Language for all purposes in the District, Sub-Division and Block level offices
of the State Government located in the Districts of Khasi-Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya.
b. Bengali and Nepali are the Official Languages in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of Darjeeling district.
c. Chandigarh is both a city and a union territory.
d. It has also been informed that the communication with States/Centre has to be made in Hindi/English.
e. Delhi is both a city and a union territory.
References
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1. "Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has
power to make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the
Legislature of a State has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in the Ramanaiah case that the
executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminous with its respective legislative power."
Territoriality of executive powers of states in India (http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/9801a2.htm), Balwant Singh Malik,
Constitutional Law, 1998
2. Krishna Reddy (2003). Indian History. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-048369-8.
3. Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1977). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 81-208-0436-8.
4. Romila Thapar. A History of India: Part 1.
5. G. Bongard-Levin. A History of India: Volume 1.
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8. Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (2002) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch,
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9. Chandra, Satish. Medieval India: From Sultanate To The Mughals. p. 202.
10. "Regional states, c. 1700–1850" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India/46984/Political-and-economic-decentralization
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11. Grewal, J. S. (1990). "Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)". The Sikh empire (1799–1849) (http://histories.cambridge.org/extract?id=c
hol9780521268844_CHOL9780521268844A008). The New Cambridge History of India. The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University
Press.
12. "Article 1". Constitution of India (http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm).
13. "Reorganisation of states" (http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf)
(PDF). Economic Weekly. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
14. "Map of Madras Presidency in 1909" (http://hyderabad-india-online.com/2011/03/madras-presidence/). Retrieved 15 October 2013.
15. "Article 1". Constitution of India (http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm). Law Ministry, GOI. Retrieved
31 December 2015.
16. J.C. Aggarwal, S.P. Agrawal (1995). Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future. New DElhi: Concept Publishing. pp. 89–90.
17. "Nagaland History & Geography-Source" (http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_nagaland.php). india.gov.in. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
18. "Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan" (http://hpplanning.nic.in/mid%20term%20review%2010th%20five%20year%20plan.pdf) (PDF).
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19. "The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966" (http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf) (PDF). india.gov.in. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
20. "State map of India" (http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/state_map.php). Travel India guide. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
21. "Snapshot of North Eastern States" (http://www.thaibicindia.org.in/study/north_east/Snapshot.pdf) (PDF). thaibicindia.in. Retrieved
17 February 2016.
22. "About Sikkim" (http://sikkim.gov.in/ASP/Miscc/aboutsikkim.htm). Official website of the Government of Sikkim. Retrieved 15 June
2009.
23. "Goa Chronology" (http://www.goaonline.in/Profile/History/milestone.asp). goaonline.in. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
24. "Official Website of Government of Jharkhand" (http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/AboutState_fr.html). Jharkhand.gov.in. Retrieved 17 June
2013.
25. "Chhattisgarh state – History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100704202817/http://cg.gov.in/profile/corigin.htm). Cg.gov.in. Archived
from the original (http://cg.gov.in/profile/corigin.htm) on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
26. Chopra, Jasi Kiran (2 January 2007). "Uttaranchal is Uttarakhand, BJP cries foul" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-02/i
ndia/27880083_1_bjp-cries-uttaranchal-assembly-polls). Times of India. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
27. "About Us: Uttarakhand Government Portal, India" (http://uk.gov.in/pages/display/115-about-us). Uk.gov.in. 9 November 2000. Retrieved
17 June 2013.
28. "The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014" (http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf) (PDF).
Ministry of law and justice, Government of India. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
29. "Telangana bill passed by upper house" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/telangana-bill-in-rajya-sabha/liveblog/30712218.cms). The
Times of India. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
30. "List of states with Population, Sex Ratio and Literacy Census 2011" (http://www.census2011.co.in/states.php).
31. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (https://web.archive.org/web/2016070801243
8/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf) (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority
Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf) (pdf) on 8 July
2016. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
32. http://www.gulte.com/news/56377/After-2200-Years-Amaravati-Gets-Back-Power
33. http://www.ap.gov.in/
34. "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi" (http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-
punjabi/article1-502720.aspx). Hindustan Times. 28 January 2010.
35. "Punjabi gets second language status in Haryana" (http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/punjabi-gets-second-language-status-in-haryana
_599789.html). Zee news. 28 January 2010.
36. http://ierj.in/journal/index.php/ierj/article/viewFile/386/364
37. "Telangana State Profile" (http://www.telangana.gov.in/About/State-Profile) (PDF). Telangana government portal. p. 34. Retrieved 11 June
2014.
38. "Urdu Gets First Language Status" (http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2015/may/20/Urdu-Gets-First-Language-Status-76
2981.html).
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39. "Sanskrit: Reviving the language in today’s India – Livemint" (http://www.livemint.com/Politics/RF9fH5Q1wNOBdI0R46SlkL/Sanskrit-re
viving-the-language-in-today8217s-India.html).
40. "Bifurcated into Telangana State and residual Andhra Pradesh State" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/T-party-today-Indias-29th-st
ate-Telangana-is-born/articleshow/35912105.cms). The Times Of India. 2 June 2014.
41. "The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014" (http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014.pd
f) (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice. Government of India. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
42. "The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014 Sub-section" (http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/1583
65.pdf) (PDF). 4 March 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
43. Sanchari Bhattacharya (1 June 2014). "Andhra Pradesh Minus Telangana: 10 Facts" (http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/andhra-prade
sh-minus-telangana-10-facts-534339). NDTV.
44. "Official Language Act 2000" (http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/d09fd2004bd07ad9a305ab56803943f0/Delhi+Official+Languages+Ac
t+2000.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-344844204) (PDF). Government of Delhi. 2 July 2003. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
45. http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/puducherry/1965/1965Pondicherry3.pdf
External links
Maps of the Historical Territorial Evolution of the States of India (http://ibnlive.in.com/news/changing-states-an-animated-political-map-of
-the-republic-of-india/410946-53.html)
Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories (http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php)
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