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QUIZ
In the exams given to the top 40 students, the following scores were obtained. Construct the Frequency Distribution Table
given that 𝑖 = 5.
33 54 59 43 31 51 29 64 55 35
31 31 46 61 35 44 57 29 61 59
65 48 42 33 37 42 57 56 31 49
31 64 63 63 51 45 34 62 32 30
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Statistics & Probability | cris naz
Mean
It is the average of a set of data and is denoted by a symbol 𝑋
It is the value equal to the sum of all the values in a data (∑ 𝑥) divided by the total elements in a given data (𝑁)
and is summarized by the formula given below:
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + ⋯ 𝑥𝑛−1 + 𝑥𝑛 ∑𝑥
𝑋= =
𝑁 𝑁
NOTE: The above formula is applicable only for ungrouped data. Ungrouped data are set of values not grouped per class
interval while grouped data refer to a summary of values grouped into numbers of class intervals in which frequency of
values that fall per given class interval is counted.
In getting the mean for grouped of data, the given table must be completed.
Class Interval Class Frequency (𝑓) Class Mark (𝑥) 𝑓𝑥
∑ 𝑓 = 𝑁 = ___________ ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = ____________
After completing the table above, the given formula can now be used to calculate for the mean of a grouped data
commonly called as the “weighted mean.”
𝑓1 𝑥1 + 𝑓2 𝑥2 + 𝑓3 𝑥3 + ⋯ 𝑓𝑛−1 𝑥𝑛−1 + 𝑓𝑛 𝑥𝑛 ∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑋= =
𝑁 𝑁
Example:
The data shown are the scores in Statistics exam. Find the mean score of the 30 students if 9 class intervals shall
be used in grouping the data.
47 65 81 65 68 55
56 69 61 75 71 67
61 87 50 74 49 66
49 89 77 75 79 85
68 90 57 63 54 90
Solution:
1. Determine the Range.
𝑅 = 90 − 47 = 43
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Statistics & Probability | cris naz
∑ 𝑓𝑥 2035
𝑋 = = = 67.83
𝑁 30
Median
It is usually denoted by 𝑋̃.
It is the value of the middle when all elements in a set of data are arranged in ascending order. If the number is
odd, then there is exactly one element in the middle when the data is arrayed in ascending order. However, if
there is even number in a set of data, there will be two elements to be considered in the middle so that the media
for a set of data with even number of elements is equal to the average of the two middle elements.
Example #1:
Find the median of the measured height of all the athletes of the YMA University below:
Solution
1. Identify the location of the median element using the given formula:
𝑛+1
𝑀=
2
where: 𝑛 = total number of elements in a set of data
so,
9+1
𝑀= =5
2
Therefore, the 5th element is the median element of the given data.
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Statistics & Probability | cris naz
Example #2:
Find the median of the following raw data:
5 11 3 6 9 11 6 12 16 4 6 10
Solution:
1. Identify the location of the median element using the given formula:
𝑛+1
𝑀=
2
12 + 1
𝑀= = 6.5
2
2. Arrange the data in ascending order.
3 4 5 6 6 6 9 10 11 11 12 16
3. Take the average of the 6th and 7th elements in the arrayed of data as the median.
𝟔+𝟗
̃=
𝑿 = 𝟕. 𝟓
𝟐
How to Get the Median Class?
The median class is the class interval to which 𝑀 is included with respect to the less than cumulative frequency.
𝑁
For grouped data, 𝑀 is calculated by dividing the total number of frequencies by 2 ( 2 ).
Example:
Class Interval Class Frequency < Cumulative
(𝒇) Frequency
10 – 20 5 5
21 – 31 10 15
32 – 42 11 26
43 – 53 7 33
54 – 64 23 56
65 – 75 55 111
76 – 86 7 118
87 – 97 8 126
98 – 108 4 130
∑ 𝑓 = 𝑁 = 130
If we will solve for 𝑀:
𝑁 130
𝑀= = = 65
2 2
Since 𝑀 is 65, therefore, the medial class is the class interval 65 – 75. Now that we know our median class, we can
now get the values needed for the formula of Median for grouped data using the following formula.
𝑁
− < 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑋̃ = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + 𝑖 ( 2 )
𝑓𝑚
where:
𝑋𝐿𝐵 = Lower class boundary of the median class
𝑖 = class size
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Statistics & Probability | cris naz
Mode
It is defined as the element in a set of data that has the most number of frequencies.
Example #1:
Find the median of the measured height of all the athletes of the YMA University below:
Solution:
1. List down all the values and their corresponding frequencies
Value Frequency
181 1
211 1
195 2
189 2
200 1
206 1
188 1
N=9
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Statistics & Probability | cris naz
Therefore, the modal class is the class interval 65 – 75 since it has the highest frequency which is 55. The mode of grouped
data can be calculated using the given formula below:
𝑓𝑚 − 𝑓𝑚𝑏
𝑋̃ = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + 𝑖 ( )
2𝑓𝑚 − 𝑓𝑚𝑎 − 𝑓𝑚𝑏
where: 𝑋𝐿𝐵 = Lower class boundary of the modal class
𝑖 = class size
𝑓𝑚 = class frequency of the modal class
𝑓𝑚𝑎 = class frequency of the modal class after the modal class
𝑓𝑚𝑏 = class frequency of the modal class before the modal class
Activity:
Find the median and mode of the given assignment yesterday.
Assignment:
Explain the uses of Percentile, Quartile and Decile in statistics.
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