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:: Information Management ::
:: ITUCE::
What’s Information Management?
Information Management
The content of the human mind can be classified into five categories
(Russell Ackoff):
Data: symbols or raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours
worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
Information: data that are processed to be useful (or refined data); a collection of
facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of
the facts themselves; and provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when"
questions.
Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions;
Understanding: appreciation of "why“; Wisdom: evaluated understanding.
Information
Data
Data
Management
Information
Management
Knowledge
Management
Wisdom
Management
?????
Management
Management Evolutions
Information Management - Example
Information System
INFORMATION Inventory
TECHNOLOGY System
(IT) are used
to build INFORMATION
o Hardware
SYSTEM (IS)
o Software
o Databases Marketing
o Networks etc System
Customer
Service
System
IM for Construction
Information management has been accepted as an essential
management discipline in the manufacturing, aerospace and
defence industries for many years. These industries spend over
0.5% of their turnover on IM
The temporary nature and uniqueness of construction projects is
reflected in one-off locations, one-off designs solutions and one-off
project teams, which leads to a very fragmented communication
platform.
This has lead to poor communication and inefficient information
practices among the parties involved in the construction project
Consultant
Architect
Contractor
Sub-contractor
Client
Construction Site
Data
Sketches Estimate As-Built
Output Report Drawings Drawings
Spec. Schedule Drawings
& Input
Project Information and Information Technology
Project information
-site survey
-cost analysis,
-design drawings, handled by different departments within
-specifications one organisation or different
organisations, resulting in long loops.
-regulations These loops can cause lengthy delays
-bill of quantities and inconsistencies of data used by
-project planning different departments.
-job costing
-estimates
-valuations
-material management
-facility management
-etc.
Project Information and Information Technology (cont)
information.”
Information Technology
This has created challenges for the application of IT in the
construction industry.
Based on a central project model, all the information is disseminated.
PROJECT
MODEL
Sub-
contractor
Construction Site
Intensity
Strong Wind
People Agriculture Urban areas
Heavy rainfall / Flood Vulnerability and
exposure on the rise !
Drought
Need for long-term
Heatwaves planning to manage
multi-sectoral risks
Frequency Source: 2006 WMO DRR report
Products required at local scale but often available at coarse scale.
Geospatial Fabrication
Data Product
Selection Invoicing/ Computerized
Payment Maintenance
Management
Ordering/ System (CMMS)
Delivery
Data Computer
Aided
Facility
Management
Engineering
Analysis Project photos courtesy of Dennis R. Shelden, Ph.D., Chief Technology
Officer, Gehry Technologies. The picture is of the Disney Conference Hall,
designed by Frank Gehry.
Need for Construction Economist to become proficient in CAD Systems
Conventional Drawings
Digitising
Document
Familiar territory
CAD E-measure
FRAMES
ROOFS
FLOOR FINISHES
m2
m2
Walls
1 INTERNAL WALLS
2
MECHANICAL SERVICES
The DoD Business Enterprise Architecture 3.0
Program
Information Acquisition
Decision
Memorandum
Manage Human Resources Assign Human Resources Manage Travel
Entitlement Pay
DoD
Fund
Balance
FIATECH Capital Projects Technology Roadmap Vision
Best Practice Business Processes
CAD software
Laws and regulations -Drawings, calculations
-Building regulations -Architect, engineer,…
-Building specifications
Facility Specifications
-Specification sheets
management -Classification standards
-Letting, sale, operations Construction management -Estimates, accounting
-Maintenance -Scheduling Procurement
-Guaranties -Logistics, 4D -Product databases
-Price databases
Building Information Modeling (BIM) For Architectural Precast
Concrete
TECHNION, ISRAEL
INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Precast
Building Information Modeling (BIM) For Architectural Precast
Concrete (cont)
Information Management
:: Project information and information technology (cont…) ::
:: ITUCE::
Definition of IMS
Example…..
http://www.emporis.com
http://www.structurae.de/en
Geological Information System
Example…..
Hydrological Information System
Example…..
Information Management
:: Project information and information technology (cont…) ::
:: ITUCE::
Information Management System
System Development Life Cycle
The six Phases of Systems Analysis & Design
1 . Preliminary
investigation
5 . Systems 3 . Systems
implementation design
4 . Systems
development
In depth study of the existing system to determine what the new system
should do. Expand on data gathered in Phase 1
In addition to observation and interviews, examine: Formal lines of
authority (org chart); Standard operating procedures; How information
flows; Reasons for any inefficiencies etc.
Tools Used -
Checklists - list of questions
Top-down analysis - start with top level components, break down into smaller
parts through each successive level
Grid charts - to show relationship between inputs and outputs
System flowcharts, DFD, ERD, etc - charts flow of input data, processing, and
output which show system elements and interactions
Documentation - complete description of current system and its problems;
requirements for new system including Subject, Scope, Objectives,
Benefits, etc.; and possible development schedule.
Information Management System
Tools Used
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools are software-based products
designed to help automate the production of information systems.
Examples: Diagramming Tools, Data Repositories, Prototyping Tools, Test Data
Generators, Documentation Tools, Project Management Tools, etc.
System Design Report
Describe Alternatives including Inputs/Outputs, Processing, Storage and Backup
Recommend Top Alternative based upon System Fit into the Organization,
Flexibility for the future, Costs vs. benefits
Information Management System
Types of Changes:
Physical repair of the system
Correction of new bugs found (corrective)
System adjustments to environmental changes
Adjustments for users’ changing needs (adaptive)
Changes to user better techniques when they become available
(perfective)
Evaluation Methods
Systems audit - performance compared to original specifications
Periodic evaluation - “checkups” from time to time, modifications if
necessary
Deliverables of the SDLC
System
Design Design Specifications