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USER MANUAL
The following table lists the main symbols used in the document:
Symbol Description
The warranty includes the repair time and the materials necessary to restore
the complete efficiency of the Product; so, it does not include other burdens,
such as the transport and customs fee.
CE marking
Item Description
The USB and ETHERNET ports are isolated with respect to the
1
ground and all the internal circuitry at 1 kV AC, 50 Hz
Cleaning of the display can be done using a dry (or slightly wet)
cloth
2 CAUTION: Do not use solvents, as they would
penetrate the display, and cause a permanent
damage
As soon as the mains supply plug is fit, the test set is powered-on
and goes to a stand-by status. Removing the power supply cable
3
is an emergency intervention: so, leave room around it so that it
is possible to remove it
The test set is to be operated with the handle below it and with
the rear at least 0.1 m far from the wall. To below the test, in
4 fact, the cooling airflows from the rear, where it is sucked, set. If
this flow is barred, the test set would increase its temperature,
at the detriment of its expected life
Table 6 - Requirements of the EN61010-1 standard
The product deals with voltages and currents that may be lethal to the
unadvertised user. Besides, in order to avoid any danger in case of fault
inside the product, the device under test should have the following
characteristics:
• Connection sockets must be not accessible
• Input circuits must have an isolation degree at least equal to the
one of the Product
• The following table lists the applicable symbols:
Symbol Description
Ground
It is located close to the ground socket
Fuse
It is located close to the mains supply protection fuse
Table 7 - Symbols of a relay under test
2.2 Hazardous situations
The following table lists a number of situations that are potentially
hazardous to the user and/or to the product (please, consider this list, and
refer to the Chapter 3 for further details):
Hazardous
ITEM Risk Check
situation
Capacitor dividers take the case
Test set not at 110 V.
1 grounded The unit is not protected against
Ground connection
common mode noise
The test set ground and the
neutral ground are connected to
very distant points of the grid.
There is a voltage differential
between the grounds. In case of
Voltage (or fault, there is a heavy risk for the
current) test set and for the operator.
neutral WARNING: VN (IN) connected to
2 connected to ground
Besides, it is likely
ground at far that transient
end spikes occur during
the test; their
value can exceed
the rated isolation
limits
The first three points are very hazardous, both for the user and the test set.
Capacitors shown are included in the mains supply filter. Of course, their
value is low, so that the current flow is limited according to specification;
however, you can feel it. Besides, there is no protection against common
mode spikes that are usually discharged to the ground.
It is possible to connect the test set to ground, via the yellow socket on the
rear and the cable with crocodile provided: any metal frame (i.e. heating,
water, windows), provides a sufficient grounding path.
Hazard No. 2
This is a very hazardous situation, both for the user and the test set.
The hazard does not apply if the relay to be tested is not connected to the
plant. If, instead, the connection to the relay is performed by means of a test
connector (or by terminal blocks), the operator must be sure to interrupt
the ground connection of the CT and VT secondary. This is normally true;
however, we experienced some instance where the neutral was grounded.
The following image exhibits the described situation:
The following table lists the label elements on the rear of the rest set:
Label Symbol Description
Danger
CE marking
The power cord has three wires: phase, neutral (or two phases), ground: the
ground is connected to the chassis, and to the ground socket (22).
The following image exhibits the ground socket (22):
Trip inputs (7) are twelve in all, divided in six groups of two inputs each:
groups are isolated among them.
The following table lists the trip inputs (7):
Trip
Description
Input
C1
C2
C3 These inputs are used as trip inputs and, with the
C4 TRANSCOPE option, for the measurement of analog inputs
C5
C6
C7
These inputs are used as trip inputs
C8
This input is used as trip input and, with the TRANSCOPE
C9
option, for the measurement of analog inputs
Table 4 - Trip inputs (7) (1/2)
Trip
Description
Input
C10- This input is used as trip input, counting input and, with the
IMP1 TRANSCOPE option, for the measurement of analog inputs
This input is used as trip input and, with the TRANSCOPE
C11
option, for the measurement of analog inputs
C12- This input is used as trip input, counting input and, with the
IMP2 TRANSCOPE option, for the measurement of analog inputs
Table 5 - Trip inputs (7) (2/2)
Auxiliary outputs (4) are relay contacts; at sockets, the following are
available:
• Common contact
• Normal Open contact
• Normal Closed contact
There are four more auxiliary outputs, transistor type, connected to the rear
round connector (26) (ref. to the Appendix I to see the connector and the
pin configuration).
The following image exhibits the connector (26):
This configuration allows the air leaving it to exit without being slowed down
by the tight room left below it. In alternative, it is possible can lower the
handle and use it to lift the test set some more.
The following image exhibits the optional test set support (use it if the room
is tight and the operator has to operate the test set standing):
Shape Sinusoidal
The following table lists the step necessary to power-on the test set:
Step Description Scheme/Display
Fit the power supply cable in
the rear plug (19):
the test set generates an
1
auxiliary, low power supply that
puts the test set in a stand-by
situation
After about ten seconds, the light turns off: the diagnostic is
completed, and the test set is ready to be powered-on. If the
3 power cord is fit without powering-on, fans can start turning and
stop after a short while: the cooling system detects some high
temperature, and starts operating when necessary
Table 9 - Steps for power-on the test set (1/3)
Step Description Scheme/Display
3.1 Burden
Before executing a test with the DRTS XX, it is necessary to check that the
burdens of the relay under test are compatible with the DRTS XX voltage and
current output power, at the desired test current or voltage.
To this purpose, it is necessary to compare the burden declared by the
manufacturer to the maximum loads.
The two neutral sockets are connected together. If up to three currents are,
generated one socket is enough; if more currents are generated, it is
advisable to use both sockets.
Before the first voltage test, the test set measures the voltage
at the voltage sockets: if a voltage above 25 V is measured, the
test cannot be executed, and the operator is warned by a
counter-feed alarm
Next, the test set measures the burden of the relay under test.
The normal practice is to connect the DRTS XX to the relay
under test without disconnecting the secondary side of the
Current Transformer. This is possible because the C.T. has
opened the primary side and therefore, it exhibits very high
impedance. In conclusion, as this connection saves time, and
it is possible to use it, unless in case of error
Before starting any test, the set verifies that the burden is not too high at
that current.
The following table lists the effects of too high burden:
Case Description Effect
The output can be generated
If the test lasts less than the
during a maximum duration, that
1 maximum duration, the user
is a function of current and
will not notice anything
burden
It is necessary to modify the
The output cannot be generated situation: shorter or thicker
2 without causing the overload cables, or lower test current
alarm intervention (also in case of duration
longer than the maximum)
Table 12 - Effects of too high burden
If the test causes an overload, the test set generates a fault signal as soon as
the output has an error in excess of 5% of the nominal output.
This logic error is delayed in order to avoid faults caused by the relay itself
(for instance as metering circuits are switched). For this reason, if test
duration is very short (as during the test of first zone settings in distance
relays), the overload signal can be not sensed.
In this situation, test result can be different from the nominal setting.
Therefore, if test result is very different with respect to the nominal, before
proceeding, test that there is no overload, with a test duration more than
0.3 s.
Some older relays (for instance, electromechanical distance relays), have a
transient high impedance, which decreases after the fault has been
recognized. In this situation, the test set could signal that the impedance is
too high, and inhibit to perform the test at the desired test current.
In this situation, it is necessary to force the value of the measured
impedance, as follows:
• Disconnect Manual: reach the front panel, and select “Auxiliary
settings”. The following image exhibits the Main Control Screen:
Figure 19 - Mode 6I
The following table lists the supply characteristics of the DRTS XX:
Supply Maximum power Note
Per phase steady on any
230 V 430 VA output, in single or dual
phase generation
The following table lists the maximum power and the maximum burdens, as
a function of the test current and of the number of output currents at the
meantime, (test duration is 3 s (minimum)):
Test current (A)
Output 32 24 16 8
currents Max Max Max Max Max Max Max Max
power burden power burden power burden power burden
(VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx)
Output 3I
@ 120°
400 0.39 360 0.62 240 0.9 120 1.8
Output 6I
@ 120°
100 0.1 160 0.27 200 0.78 120 1.8
Table 15 – 6I Max power and max burden
Output 32 24 16 8
currents Max Max Max Max Max Max Max Max
power burden power burden power burden power burden
(VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx)
Output
1*2P
860 0.2 760 0.3 660 0.3 540 0.3
Output
3*2P
160 0.04 240 0.07 320 0.13 400 0.25
Table 16 – 2P Max power and max burden
For other currents, to compute the maximum burden, average the available
power, and then divide it with the square of the current.
At 44 A the power is the following: 360
The maximum burden is the following: 0.18
The following table lists the phase angles with the 6*32 A selection, or with
the 3*64 A selection:
Phase Phase
Connection Current Connection Current
angle angle
I1 32 A ^ = 0° I1 64 A ^ = 0°
I2 32 A ^ = 240° I2 64 A ^ = 240°
I3 32 A ^ = 120° I3 64 A ^ = 120°
I4 32 A ^ = 0°
I5 32 A ^ = 240°
I6 32 A ^ = 120°
Table 17 – 2P TDMS settings
!"
At 88 A the power is the following: 745
&!
The maximum burden is the following: 0.096
""
The following table lists the maximum burdens (6P stays for six outputs in
parallel, and 3P means three currents in parallel (DRTS 34 and 33)):
Test current (A)
Output 128 96 80 64
currents Max Max Max Max Max Max Max Max
power burden power burden power burden power burden
(VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx)
Phase angles are all in phase; the phase current at 128 A total is 21.33 A.
With this connection, current increases, but the maximum burden
decreases, as summarized in the previous table.
The angle between currents must be 180°; the amplitude of two currents
must be the same.
"&
At 28 A the power is the following: 770
&&
The maximum burden is the following: 0.98
"
For other currents, to compute the maximum burden, average the available
power, and then divide it with the square of the current.
The following table lists the maximum burdens:
Test current (A)
Output 32 24 16 8
currents Max Max Max Max Max Max Max Max
power burden power burden power burden power burden
(VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx)
Output
1*I+I
820 0.8 720 1.2 480 1.8 240 3.7
Table 19 – Series max power and max burden
In this instance, it is possible to have up to 820 VA at 32 A, that is, to double
the power at 32 A.
The following table lists the TDMS settings with a six-phase generation per
32 A selection:
Connection Current Phase angle
I1 ^ = 0°
I2 ^ = 240°
I3 ^ = 120°
32 A
I4 ^ = 180°
I5 ^ = 60°
I6 ^ = 300°
Table 20 – Series TDMS settings
Figure 23 – 2P S 2P connection
The angle of the first two is 0°, the angle of the second two must be 180°;
the amplitude of currents must be the same.
For other currents, to compute the maximum burden, average the available
power, and then divide it with the square of the current.
"
At 44 A the power is the following: 700
&
The maximum burden is the following: 0.36
Output 64 56 48 40
currents Max Max Max Max Max Max Max Max
power burden power burden power burden power burden
(VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx)
Output
2PS2P
900 0.21 1,000 0.32 800 0.35 600 0.37
Table 21 - 2P S 2P Max power and max burden
The following table lists the TDMS setting with a six-phase generation per
32 A selection:
Connection Current Phase angle
I1 32 A ^ = 0°
I2 0 N.A.
I3 32 A ^ = 0°
I4 32 A ^ = 180°
I5 0 N.A.
I6 32 A ^ = 180°
Table 22 – 2P S 2P TDMS settings
3.2.6 DC generation
The following image exhibits the DC generation connection:
The following table lists the maximum current and power for generating one
or more DC current output:
Test current (A)
Output 32 28 24 16
currents Max Max Max Max Max Max Max Max
power burden power burden power burden power burden
(VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx)
The following table lists the maximum current and power for all outputs in
parallel with DC current:
Test current (A)
Output 85 60 40
currents Max Max Max Max Max Max
power burden power burden power burden
(VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx) (VA) (Zmx)
All in
parallel
630 0.09 480 0.13 330 0.2
Table 24 – All in parallel with DC current: max power and max burden
3.3 Low current ranges: IN2-
IN2-CDG option
With DRTS XX the full power is available only at the current of 32 A. This is
good for the test of relays with the nominal current of 5 A; if relays are rated
1 A, the available power can be not adequate to perform the test of high
burden relays. In addition to this, some old electromechanical relays (as CDG
of GE) have very low nominal current settings; this implies having high VA
rating at low currents.
The following image exhibits the IN2-CDG device:
The following table lists the maximum output voltage and burden vs output
current:
Iout (A) Vmax (V) Loadmax (Ohm)
0.5 200 400
1 100 100
2.5 40 16
5 20 4
Table 26 - Iout vs Vmax and Loadmax
0.5 A and 1 A outputs may have a dangerous voltage: don’t
touch the connections during generation
The following table lists the characteristics of the HPB 400 option:
Secondary 1 20 370
Secondary 2 4 300
Secondary 3 1 300
Table 28 - HPB 400 option characteristics
The following graph exhibits the linear characteristics of the DRTS XX +
HPB 400 option power curve:
Secondary 1 20 600
Secondary 2 10 500
Secondary 3 4 400
Secondary 4 1 400
Table 29 - HPB 600 option characteristics
The following graph exhibits the linear characteristics of the DRTS XX + HPB
600 option power curve:
The HPB options solve the problem of testing even very high impedance, or
old-fashioned relays.
The HPB options also allow to test low current relays (i.e. GE’s CDG). In fact,
the available power at 1 A and at 0.5 A is more than the power of the IN2-
CDG option.
The following image exhibits the HPB 400 option connection (the output is
connected with 20 A range):
The following image exhibits the HPB 600 option connection (two current
outputs are used to boost the power):
The following table lists the necessary steps before to start a test with the
HPB 600 option:
Step Description
Prior to testing, the test set has to measure the burden.
Connect DRTS XX I1 to the HPB 600 I1 socket, and DRTS XX IN
to the HPB 600 I2 socket
1 NOTE: with this connection, the maximum power
is the half; however, for tests at 1 A, 4 A and, very
likely, also the others currents, this power is
usually more than enough
Program a current half of the nominal one, and start a test:
2
the test set inject it, and keep the measured burden
Try to generate the nominal current: only if the burden is too
3
high, proceed with the next step
For the maximum power, connect I1 and I2 only to the
4 corresponding red sockets: IN is not used. Program I1 and I2
with the same amplitude, but I2 is at 180°
Perform the tests, taking care to have always I1 and I2 equal,
5
and at 180°; else, they would signal overload
Table 33 - steps before to start a test with the HPB 600 option
Using two HPB 400 options, it is possible to connect them to a DRTS XX, in
series or in parallel (to double the output power of that range).
The following images exhibit the series connection:
The following table list the main data for the series connection:
740 20
Table 34 - Characteristics of the HPB 400 option in series
The following images exhibit the parallel connection:
The following table list the main data for the parallel connection:
740 40
Table 35 - Characteristics of the HPB 400 option in parallel
The following procedures exhibit how to program the actual test current
coming from the HPB 400, or the HPB 600 boosters, instead of the primary
current:
Manual Control
Step Description Scheme
Select “Settings”
2
Then select
“Advanced Settings”
Select “Other
Options”
3
Then put a tick to
the “Use CT” option
5
The program
computes the CT
ratio (1.6 in the
example)
Table 36 - Manual Control procedure
Distance ANSI 21
Step Description Scheme
Select the
“Overcurrent 50-51
67” option or
1 “Differential 87”
option in the main
menu
Select “Options”
2
Then select
“Preferences”
Put a tick to the
“Use CT” option
The test can start only if the three currents are equal in value, and phase
shifted by 120°; else, the test set would immediately generate an over-load
fault alarm. If currents are the same, the test sets are so accurate that each
current closes its path on the other two, and no alarm is generated.
The following image exhibits the three currents:
Using the TDMS program, the selection of one of the following three is
possible:
((((() is to test relays that need the zero sequence voltage along
Purpose of 0
with three phase voltages. For this purpose, the 4 ((((() selection is applicable;
(((((), ((((()
((((() from 1
otherwise, the user should compute 4 2 and ((((()
3 with the above
formula.
(((((). The neutral of ((((()
For normal use, select 4 4 is VN.
((((() and 6
(((((), 5
Purpose of 4 ((((() is to test relays that need an independent set of
voltages; example is the synchronization relay.
The socket VN is isolated from sockets IN and the zero of the auxiliary DC
supply voltage (12).
The following image exhibits the auxiliary DC supply voltage (12):
Before the first voltage test, the test set measures the voltage
at the voltage sockets: if a voltage above 25 V is measured, the
test cannot be executed, and the operator is warned by a
counter-feed alarm
If the test causes an overload, the test set generates a fault signal as soon as
the output has an error in excess of 5% of the nominal output. This logic
error is delayed in order to avoid faults caused by the relay itself (for
instance as metering circuits are switched). For this reason, if test duration
is very short (as during the test of first zone settings in distance relays), the
overload signal can be not sensed: in this situation, test result can be
different from the nominal setting. Therefore, if test result is very different
with respect to the nominal, before proceeding, test that there is no
overload, with a test duration more than 0.3 s.
Tests with separate outputs
The following table lists the values of the maximum power and burdens:
Test voltage (A)
Series connection
The following image exhibits the series connection for the voltage outputs:
Parallel connection
Putting two outputs in parallel, the power increases and it can be doubled.
This connection applies only to single-phase test.
The following image exhibits the parallel connection for the voltage outputs
The following image exhibits the electric scheme and the trend of voltage
and current for an AC current:
Figure 42 - AC current
Nominal voltage = 100 V AC
Power consumption = 10 VA
It is possible to calculate the following:
+ *.
Current sink = = 0.1 A
+ *
Current peak = 0.5 A (due to the concentration of current)
Real power consumption = 0.5
/ 100 50
instead of
10 VA
When the voltage is first applied to the relay, the filter
capacitor is a short-circuit
Note: the test set overload signal is delayed by about 60 ms to
overcome transient situations; during this time, the capacitor
is loaded, at the maximum current yield of the amplifier: if at
the end of 60 ms the capacitor is not yet charged, DRTS XX
signals a fault on voltage output
The solution for the previous problem is to increase slowly the voltage
supply, and to keep it constant during the test; the following table lists the
steps related to this solution:
Step Description
1 Go to pre-fault definition, and program a low voltage, i.e. 5 V
Press Apply pre-fault values: 5 V are generated. Thanks to the
2
low voltage, the current is limited
3 Program 10 V and generate them
Continue with 10 V steps, until the reaching of the desired
4
voltage supply
Go to the fault definition, and program the same value for the
5
voltage
Perform the tests
The DC voltage can be used to supply the relay under test or to polarize trip
contacts. The test set accepts any value between 0 and the maximum, but
does not generate outputs less than 12 V.
Before test start and when the voltage is zero, the output is zero. If a
counter-feed voltage is erroneously connected, the error is sensed and
reported on the test program as counter-feed on DC supply. The voltage
must be removed for the test to continue.
The DC voltage generator can yield at maximum 50 W or 1 A, whichever
greater: therefore, the maximum load is a function of the supply voltage
range.
The following table lists the maximum load (minimum resistance), for the
most used voltages:
V DC [V] R max [Ohm]
260 1400
220 1000
110 250
48 50
24 24
Table 42 - Maximum loads for the most used voltages
For the DC voltage, pay attention to the input filter capacitor: this is a short
circuit as the voltage is applied. When connected to this type of load, the
instrument drives 1 A for the maximum time of 0.5 s; after this, the
instrument signals over-load.
At 110 V the DRTS XX can drive a capacitor of 1000 µF; bigger values can
cause an overload alarm. In this instance, it can be enough to reduce the
voltage.
3.9 Trip inputs
The following image exhibits the trip inputs (7):
Trip inputs (7) are separated in six groups, with isolated zero references:
• C1 – C2
• C3 – C4
• C5 – C6
• C7 – C8
• C9 – C10 (IMP1)
• C11 – C12 (IMP2)
A cable with six banana connectors is provided for the case that the
reference is the same for all inputs.
The resistor R has the purpose to protect the contact or to diagnose if the
CB coil is open. Therefore, the voltage at C1 is not going from zero (open
contact) to +SUPPLY (closed contact); instead, it goes from the partitioning,
made by resistor R and the coil resistance, to +SUPPLY.
The problem is solved by selecting a threshold higher than the partitioning
voltage, so that the open contact voltage is sensed as zero level.
The threshold voltage is the same for all contacts of the same group; the
thresholds of the groups can be independently set.
De-bounce is the time during which the input must be confirmed before
being accepted as true; this selection is taken into account by the program,
so that trip time does not change with this parameter. The importance of
this setting is that spurious noise can be ignored with high settings; on the
other side, fast trip times cannot be measured with high settings. The
default value of 500 µs is normally a good compromise. If the input is AC
voltage, the program selects automatically the de-bounce delay of 2 ms, in
order to avoid stopping on the zero crossings of the input.
The display informs if the input is open or closed: this applies both with local
and with PC control.
3.10 Energy meters testing
The energy meter test is performed using the Energy Meters test program.
For the details of the program, please refer to the corresponding manual.
The program uses the input sockets marked IMP1 using DRTS XX as the
sample source, and IMP1 plus IMP2 for the tests with a reference energy
meter.
DRTS XX outputs are accurate enough to test class 0.1 energy meters.
The following image exhibits the connection scheme between DRTS XX and
energy meter (the DRTS XX is the reference):
Figure 46 - Energy meter under test with the DRTSXX as the reference
For higher accuracy, it is possible to use a sample energy meter as the
reference. The two meters, energy and under test, are to be connected so
that they see exactly the same current and the same voltage.
The following image exhibits the connection scheme between DRTS XX and
energy meter (with a sample meter as the reference):
Figure 47 – Energy meter under test with an energy meter as the reference
The test can be eased taking advantage of the optional SHA 2003 reading
head. In this case, the option should be located in front of the meter under
test.
The following image exhibits the SHA 2003 option respect to the meter
under test:
The reading head can be used for rotating disk meters, and for meters with
an LED signaling light, that can be red, but not green or blue.
For rotating disk meters, power-on the head, and press the Disk or LED
Switch to the left. Then, mount the scanning head so that the green light is
lighting the rotating disk.
Next, start the Energy Meter program, select the Manual test to feed the
meter, and move the adjustment knob so that the LED on the head front
blinks as the mark is passing below the head: the clockwise knob rotation
increases the detector sensitivity. Now the system is ready to perform the
desired test.
Power-on the head, and press the Disk or LED Switch to the left. Then,
mount the scanning head so that the green light from the head is lighting
the meter LED; then, release the Disk or LED Switch: the light is removed.
Next, start the Energy Meter program, select the Manual test to feed the
meter, and move the adjustment knob so that the LED on the head front
blinks as the meter LED is blinking: the clockwise knob rotation increases the
sensitivity. Now the system is ready to perform the desired test.
The difference between the two is that the relay operation has a nominal
delay of 5 to 8 ms in closing, and of 4 ms to 6 ms in opening, while the
transistor operation has a maximum delay of 50 µs with respect to the
current and voltage fault injection. Both outputs are operated via software;
their operation can be timed with respect to fault injection.
For relay outputs, the relay under test is connected to sockets (4), either to
the Normal Closed or to the Normal Open contact. Relay outputs are voltage
free, and can be polarized if necessary. Contact rating is the following:
• maximum voltage 250 V AC
• maximum current 5 A
These contacts are foreseen to drive loads such as coils; to avoid EMI noise
interference, contacts are protected by a capacitor and by a MOV rated 500
V AC. However, to drive coils that are externally protected against voltage
spikes when the coil is opened is good practice.
Transistor outputs are four, and have the following characteristics: open
collector, 24 V, 5 mA. There is a protection against short-circuit and for
voltages more than 24 V.
Do not go behind the above limits
The display informs if the output is open or closed: this applies both with
local and with PC control.
3.12 Low level signals
Low-level signal outputs are optionally available on connector (26); pin
assignment and disposition are reported in Appendix I.
The following image exhibits the 32-way connector (26):
The device at test start acquires the selection of the type of interface, USB
or ETHERNET; the type of interface cannot be changed unless the test set is
powered OFF.
The ETHERNET cable provided crosses the signals, so that it can be directly
connected to the PC. In case of performing a connection via the INTERNET,
use a straight connection cable.
The following table list the step necessary for the connection to INTERNET:
Set the device IP address: MODE 1
Step Description Scheme
Usually, the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is
available on the INTERNET line; please, ask confirmation to the
1
Network Manager. In this situation, the line server will look for
the first available IP address: this avoids any danger of conflict
Back to the PC, selecting the ETHERNET connection, the program asks to
specify the device IP address. The following image exhibits the window in
which insert the IP address:
If the PC is able to
connect to DRTS XX, in
4 the IP address window it
is possible to read the IP
address
Select “Mains
Synchronization”: the
following message is
displayed.
3 The message reminds
that in this operating
mode it is impossible to
change the frequency
nor to ramp frequency
and phase
In alternative, it is
possible to select “Ways
of showing V,I in remote
5
control”, put a tick in
“Status” and then press
“OK”
The following table compares the behavior of V and I outputs and V DC:
Situation V and I outputs V DC
Open relay
At power-on No relay
(protected)
At test start, even if
Counter-feed alarm Immediate
V=0 and I=0
Closed relay
During tests Closed relay
(electronic
(STOP not pressed) (electronic protection)
protection)
Open relay
After RESET No relay
(protected)
Closed relay
After STOP No relay
(electronic protection)
Table 54 - Comparison between V and I outputs and V DC
The test set can be controlled locally: in this situation, output voltages and
currents are continuously displayed. With PC connection, the display
confirms the connection. The following image exhibits the display
confirmation:
After a test is started, as soon as the DRTS XX generates some output, the
ON and RUN icons turn on.
The following image exhibits the ON and RUN icons:
After the relay trip, if some pre-fault parameter is not zero, the ON icon will
stay on. If, during the test, a fault is detected, the Fault light turns to red:
the faulty component is displayed on the screen.
The following image exhibits the Fault light:
Step Description
Before connecting the relay, connect AMI 332 or AMI 632 to
DRTS XX, with the cable provided:
Consider that the final section of the connection wires should be 50 mm2 (it
is a high current connection).
2 END TO END TEST SETS SYNCHRONIZATION
Purpose of this feature is to allow synchronizing two distant test sets so that
they simulate a fault exactly at the same time. This feature is mandatory in
the following cases:
• Distance relays connected with schemes such as permissive or
blocking over-reach
• Line differential relays
In the first instance, the timing error can be in the range of some millisecond;
for the second one, the maximum timing error is 100 μs: a bigger error
implies a phase angle error, which causes a not acceptable current
differential error.
The following image exhibits the previous situation:
With the internal GPS option, it is necessary to connect the antenna first and
then to power-on the DRTS XX, else the software does not recognize it.
Detailed explanations about how to use this option can be found in the
following documents:
• Manual Control (software)
• Distance 21 manual (software)
• Differential 87 manual (software)
• Comtrade manual (software)
2.2 Internal IRIG-
IRIG-B option
IRIG-B is a system widely used in substation for the synchronization of all
devices of interest; if it is available, it is better to use it, as there is no need
to locate the antenna. If IRIG-B is not available, the best alternative is to use
the internal GPS synchronization: you need the antenna, but then the
software takes care of GPS.
The internal IRIG-B option is a card to be inserted inside the DRTS XX and it
is possible to request for it at the order, or successively.
The following image exhibits the IRIG-B connector on the rear panel:
3 Pulse available
5 GPS locked
Table 3 - Components of the front panel
The following image exhibits the rear panel of the GPS synchronizer:
ITEM Component
6 Mains connector
The operators at both sites should connect first GPS to the mains by the plug
(6): the 1 pps light starts turning on, thus assuring that GPS is operational.
Locate the antenna that should be set in a place that allows it to see the sky
at an angle of 160° all around. Usually it is enough to put it on the roof of
the protections building. The antenna should reach a height lower than the
lightning arrester; else, in case of lightning, there would be a danger for the
operator and the device.
The antenna provided has a cable 6 m long, and the extension cable is 20 m
long: enough for the testing purpose. The user can increase the distance by
a further extension cable, provided that it is made of satellite graded
shielded cable, such as CT/100 or CT/167, with BNC connectors.
The maximum cable length should be such not to attenuate more than 10
dB the signal at 1.5 GHz: for CT/100 this means 30 m maximum. However,
in this situation the antenna must have a completely free view.
After the antenna is located, connect it to GPS with connector (7). The green
GPS locked light (5) turns on within 15 minutes (typically 1 minute); if not,
the cable is too long or the antenna view is limited by some shielding
building.
In each substation, connect the DRTS XX to the relay to be tested.
The following image exhibits the connection:
ATTENTION: The DRTS6 test set performs only the first of the
above tests, while all DRTS XX test sets perform both of them
The following image exhibits the “Goose Explorer” page, when the test set
is not connected:
The following table lists the available selections on the “Goose Explorer”
page:
Exploring Options
3 Log Activity
(Chapter 4.2.3)
Filters
5
(Chapter 4.2.5)
4.2.1 File
A drop-down menu is provided to manage the data of the “Goose Explorer”
page.
The following image exhibits the File drop-down menu:
Selection Description
The program opens a database file (.Gse), containing
the result of a session of exploring of the IEC61850-8
Open Exploring File
network. It also loads the filters, virtual contacts and
publishers that have been previously saved in the file
It saves a database file (.Gse), containing the result of
a session of exploring of the IEC61850-8 network.
Save Exploring File
The file contains also any info on filters, virtual
contacts or publishers that have been set up
It opens a substation setting file (.Scd, .Icd, .Xml),
containing the configuration of the substation,
Open Substation File
including the GOOSEs available for each IED on the
network
Table 7 - Selections in the File drop-down menu
The following table lists the selections of the “Explorer Options” area:
Selection Display
Explore at START
Explore Now
Use Virtual
Contacts to STOP
the test
Pressing the button, the IEC61850-8 board starts to capture the messages,
visible in the “Goose List”.
The following image exhibits the “Goose List” frame:
The “Start Exploring” button turns red and its caption is changed into “Stop
Exploring”.
The following image exhibits the change of the “Start Exploring” button:
Element Description
Src Mac Address Physical address of the generator of the message
Dest Mac Address Physical address of the destination of the message
Control Block
Identifier of the type of message created by the IED
Reference
Goose ID Univocal identifier of the message
Dataset name It is the name of the GOOSE message
Event Timestamp Universal Time that identifies the Goose
(status number) It is a progressive number of the GOOSE status;
stNum it increases only when an event that changes the GOOSE status
appens. The minimum is 1
(sequence number) It is a progressive number of the message,
with the same status. The value increases costantly for each
sqNum message with the same GOOSE ID. The minimum is 1 when the
stNum is incremented; 0 when there is a roll-over (when the the
max number is reached, and the max is 232-1 = 4,294,967,295)
Table 10 - “Goose List” elements
The list of the captured gooses can be ordered in various ways, according to
the “Order Goose List by” drop-down menu.
The following image exhibits the “Order Goose List by” drop-down menu:
It is possible to select this menu at any time, even during the receipt of
GOOSEs. It is possible to order data according to the following:
• Number: it orders using the capturing sequence of the GOOSE
messages
• Timestamp: it orders using the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time),
identifier of the GOOSE
• Goose ID: this it orders using the univocal code (GOOSE ID)
• Src Mac Address: it orders using the Mac Address of the generator
of GOOSE messages
Click on a row on the “Goose List”: it is possible to read the details of the
data structure. The following image exhibits the “Goose Details” area:
The filter time can be changed, clicking on the “Value” column; the
following image exhibits the “Value” column:
Press “Yes”: the filter is set up. Next GOOSEs includes only the messages
matching with the filter.
For instance, select the GOOSE exhibited in the following image:
Start an “Explore Now” session; the following image exhibits the “Goose
List”:
Using the common dialogue window, select the desired file. The following
image exhibits the possible extensions for files, which can be opened:
Answering “No”, the program loads automatically all the GOOSE messages
in the IED file, going to the detriment of the loading speed of the file itself;
else, the following exhibits the page that is opened:
The page is similar to the “Exploring Goose” page, but it is not exactly the
same. It shows a table in the “Goose List” area that can be ordered by the
drop-down menu already seen.
The following image exhibits the drop-down menu to order the “Goose List”:
For each GOOSE that is displayed it shows the relative data structure in the
“Goose List” table.
Element Description
Two kinds of data are in the table: simple (DA) and complex (DO).
The following table lists the elements of the “Goose Details”:
Element Description
Messages numbering: when the type is DO, the number
#
has two digits
Second
Data type, DA or DO
column
Name Element name
Sign type (booleano, Unsigned, Signed, Float, etc.) of the
Type
element
Value Default value
Table 12 - Elements of the “Goose Details”
Exactly as for the “Goose List” area in the “Exploring Goose” page, it is
possible to set filters by choosing a Dataset Reference or to use a detail to
add a Virtual Contact.
When selecting a GOOSE and right clicking on the table, a drop-down menu
appears. The following image exhibits the drop-down menu:
The procedure to set-up virtual contacts, using an ABB relay (REL 670), is the
following:
• Select “Explore Now”, and press “Start exploring”; in the “Goose
List”, a number of messages are displayed
In the easy case, there are only GOOSE messages sent by a unique
IED, otherwise, it is necessary to select the correct message to set
the real trip virtual contact.
The following image exhibits a generated GOOSE by the relay and
the related details:
Figure 53 - ”Ignore binary inputs C1-C12 to stop the test” option ticked
In case the option ”Ignore binary inputs C1-C12 to stop the test” is
not selected, it is necessary to see the trip delay of the virtual
contacts in the filed “Time”, as shown in the following image:
In the second case, it is necessary to import one or more SCL file and select
the GOOSE to publish.
After the confirmation of the GOOSE to be published, the program copies
the selected GOOSE to the “Publishing Goose list”. The following image
exhibits the “Publishing Goose list” area:
The “Goose List” area enables the user to interactively define the message
to be published, depending on the selection performed in each column of
the area.
The following image exhibits the “Goose List” area:
The following list is about the selections of the “Goose List” area:
• #. It represents the publisher port number. Up to 64 different ports
can be used at the same time; therefore, it is possible to publish 64
different GOOSEs. The port number cannot be selected by the user,
it is automatically selected by the software when a GOOSE is added
to the list of GOOSEs to be published
• Enabled. By clicking on the cell identified by this column, it is
possible to enable or disable the publishing of a GOOSE during a
publishing session. If the publisher is disabled, the entire row is
greyed-out and it is not possible to make any change until the
GOOSE is enabled again
Similar variation is possible for the Unsigned, Signed, Float, Bitstring values.
For the modification of the 13 bit Bitstring of Quality type, it is possible to
open the following window:
When the “During Test” transmission mode is selected, the new following
columns are displayed in the GOOSE list:
At the start of the publishing activity, only the first time, the following page
appears on the screen:
To stop the publishing activity, press the button “Abort publishing”; this
action put all GOOSEs in the “idle” status.
4.2.9 Subscribing
Purpose of the Subscribing is to verify the semantic correctness and the
GOOSE messages synchronism in a network. It allows to the user to certify
the compliance to the IEC 61850-8 standard of a digital network.
One or more GOOSE to subscribe are initially read from a substation file.
Open the desired file, go to the Substation file folder, select the GOOSE to
subscribe and right click on it; the following image exhibits the
corresponding drop-down menu:
Select “Subscribing”, and then choose the selected GOOSE or all of them.
Next, go to the “Goose Subscribing” tab.
The following image exhibits the “Goose Subscribing” tab:
• Maximum idle time/Time stamp tol. (s). The maximum idle time is
the interval in which the program waits for almost one subscribed
GOOSE message. The time stamp tolerance is the max error for the
timestamp fields, respect to the clock system. The following image
exhibits the two options:
If the subscribed message has not been found, this is all the information;
otherwise, other messages are displayed, explaining the problem.
The following table lists the icons of the second column:
Icon Description
Connect the PC to the test set using the USB cable, start the TDMS program,
select one of the automatic test program of the relay, connect the PC to the
test set and press the icon “61850 9-LE”.
The following image exhibits the “61850 9-LE” icon:
• In the lower part, there are the data related to the relay
connection.
The following image exhibits the lower part of the “Slot 1”:
This performed, come back to the “Connected AP” tab, and press OK.
The following image exhibits message displayed:
After the file has been transmitted, it is possible to return to the normal test
execution, like with the normal current generation: instead of generating
currents and voltage, the test set is transmitting digital data to the relay
under test, which reacts as usual, and the usual tests is performed.
Three voltage outputs are connected to DRTS9 with the cable provided, and
are converted into current. However, DRTS9 is not a current generator: it is
a low voltage high current generator.
The output current follows the burden.
The following table lists the necessary steps to obtain the test current:
Step Description
After the connection to the relay under test, generate 10 V on the
1
connected DRTS 64/66 voltage outputs
On the DRTS9 displays, read the corresponding output currents:
• I10-A
2
• I10-B
• I10-C
Compute the trans-impedance for each phase, applying the following
formula:
3
Z(A, B, C) =
,,
Note: usually the differences between I10-A, B and C are very small; so, the
computation can be performed only one time
Generate 10 V
DRTS9 meters display a current of 0.9 A
To generate 5 A => Z = = 11.1 Ohm
.
Vt = 5 * 11.1 = 55.5 V
The option is operated using the MANUAL test module of the TDMS
software suite. If the purpose is to perform a three-winding transformer
differential protection, in order to know which values should be generated,
in terms of amplitude and phase, open the DIFFERENTIAL-87 module, input
the relay settings, decide the test points, and read current and phase values
in the Test page.
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 - AMI 632: FRONT PANEL ................................................................. 130
FIGURE 2 - DRTS XX, AMI 632 AND RELAY CONNECTION ..................................... 133
FIGURE 3 - DRTS XX, AMI 632 AND RELAY CONNECTION ..................................... 134
FIGURE 4 - DRTS XX, AMI 632 AND RELAY CONNECTION ..................................... 134
FIGURE 5 – SYNCHRONIZATION OF TWO DISTANCE RELAY....................................... 135
FIGURE 6 - GPS ANTENNA ............................................................................... 137
FIGURE 7 - IRIG-B CONNECTOR ....................................................................... 138
FIGURE 8 – EXTERNAL GPS OPTION: FRONT PANEL .............................................. 139
FIGURE 9 - EXTERNAL GPS OPTION: REAR PANEL ................................................. 140
FIGURE 10 - CONNECTION BETWEEN DRTS XX AND RELAY .................................... 141
FIGURE 11 - OPTION AND OPTICAL FIBER ............................................................ 143
FIGURE 12 - TEST OF LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS................................................... 143
FIGURE 13 - CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DRTS XX AND A RELAY (ABB REL670) .......... 146
FIGURE 14 - "IEC61580" ICON ....................................................................... 149
FIGURE 15 - "GOOSE EXPLORER" PAGE (TEST SET NOT CONNECTED) ........................ 149
FIGURE 16 - "GOOSE EXPLORER" PAGE (TEST SET CONNECTED) .............................. 150
FIGURE 17 - FILE DROP-DOWN MENU ................................................................ 151
FIGURE 18 - “EXPLORER OPTIONS” AREA ........................................................... 153
FIGURE 19 - “EXPLORE AT START” SELECTED: “GOOSE LIST” .................................. 154
FIGURE 20 – DOWNLOAD MESSAGE .................................................................. 154
FIGURE 21 - “START EXPLORING” BUTTON ......................................................... 155
FIGURE 22 - “EXPLORE NOW” SELECTED: “GOOSE LIST” FRAME ............................. 155
FIGURE 23 - CHANGE OF THE “START EXPLORING” BUTTON ................................... 156
FIGURE 24 - “LOG ACTIVITY” AREA ................................................................... 156
FIGURE 25 - “GOOSE LIST” AND ELEMENTS DISPLAYED.......................................... 157
FIGURE 26 - “ORDER GOOSE LIST BY” DROP-DOWN MENU .................................... 158
FIGURE 27 - “GOOSE DETAILS” AREA ................................................................ 158
FIGURE 28 - “GOOSE LIST” DROP-DOWN MENU .................................................. 159
FIGURE 29 - “FILTERS” AREA ........................................................................... 159
FIGURE 30 - TICK IN THE “EN” COLUMN............................................................. 160
FIGURE 31 - MESSAGE TO REMOVE A FILTER ....................................................... 160
FIGURE 32 - “FILTERS” AREA ........................................................................... 160
FIGURE 33 - “VALUE” COLUMN ........................................................................ 160
FIGURE 34 - CONFIRMATION MESSAGE TO DELETE ALL ITEMS.................................. 161
FIGURE 35 – MESSAGE FOR FILTERS CHANGING ................................................... 162
FIGURE 36 - EXAMPLE OF A GOOSE SELECTION .................................................. 162
FIGURE 37 - EXAMPLE OF A GOOSE SELECTION: "GOOSE LIST" ............................. 162
FIGURE 38 - “FILE/OPEN SUBSTATION FILE” SELECTION ........................................ 163
FIGURE 39 - POSSIBLE EXTENSIONS FOR FILES ...................................................... 163
FIGURE 40 - MESSAGE DISPLAYED..................................................................... 164
FIGURE 41 – “YES” PAGE ................................................................................ 164
FIGURE 42 - NEW TAB IN THE “GOOSE EXPLORER” PAGE ....................................... 165
FIGURE 43 - “SUBSTATION FILE” PAGE .............................................................. 165
FIGURE 44 – DROP-DOWN MENU TO ORDER THE “GOOSE LIST” ............................. 166
FIGURE 45 - “GOOSE LIST” TABLE ..................................................................... 166
FIGURE 46 - “GOOSE DETAILS” AREA ................................................................ 167
FIGURE 47 - DROP-DOWN MENU RIGHT CLICKING ON THE TABLE............................. 168
FIGURE 48 – VIRTUAL CONTACT FLAG ................................................................ 169
FIGURE 49 – GOOSE EXAMPLE AND RELATED DETAILS ........................................... 169
FIGURE 50 - GOOSE EXAMPLE AND RELATED DETAILS ............................................ 170
FIGURE 51 - DROP-DOWN MENU FOR BIT 1 ........................................................ 170
FIGURE 52 - “VIRTUAL CONTACTS” PAGE ........................................................... 171
FIGURE 53 - ”IGNORE BINARY INPUTS C1-C12 TO STOP THE TEST” OPTION TICKED ..... 172
FIGURE 54 – “TIME” FIELD IN THE “VIRTUAL CONTACT” PAGE................................ 172
FIGURE 55 – “TEST” TABLE OF THE TDMS PROGRAM........................................... 173
FIGURE 56 – DROP-DOWN MENU OF THE “PUBLISHING” SELECTION........................ 174
FIGURE 57 - “PUBLISHING GOOSE LIST” AREA ..................................................... 175
FIGURE 58 - MESSAGE RELATED TO THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF GOOSES .................. 175
FIGURE 59 –DROP-DOWN MENU FOR THE PUBLISHING MODES ............................... 176
FIGURE 60 - “GOOSE LIST” AREA ...................................................................... 176
FIGURE 61 - DROP-DOWN MENU RIGHT CLICKING ON A ROW ................................. 177
FIGURE 62 - CONFIRMATION OF “DELETE ALL GOOSES” OPTION............................. 178
FIGURE 63 - “SET NETWORK PARAMETERS” OPTION PAGE ..................................... 178
FIGURE 64 - EXAMPLE OF POSSIBLE ADDRESSES ................................................... 179
FIGURE 65 - BOOLEAN VALUE VARIATION ........................................................... 179
FIGURE 66 – MODIFICATION OF THE FILED QUALITY BITSTRING .............................. 180
FIGURE 67 - “DURING TEST” ADDITIONAL COLUMNS ............................................ 180
FIGURE 68 – “GOOSE DETAILS” COLUMNS ......................................................... 181
FIGURE 69 - SNTP SERVER MESSAGE................................................................. 181
FIGURE 70 – “SUBSCRIBING” SELECTIONS........................................................... 183
FIGURE 71 - “GOOSE SUBSCRIBING” TAB ........................................................... 184
FIGURE 72 – MESSAGE SELECTION .................................................................... 184
FIGURE 73 – POSSIBLE OPTIONS FOR GOOSES ................................................... 185
FIGURE 74 – TIME FIELDS ................................................................................ 185
FIGURE 77 - DISPLAYED MESSAGES IN THE LAST TABLE .......................................... 186
FIGURE 76 - SUMMARY OF WARNING MESSAGES ................................................. 187
FIGURE 77 - OPTICAL FIBERS CONNECTIONS ........................................................ 188
FIGURE 78 - “61850 9-LE” ICON .................................................................... 188
FIGURE 79 - "IEC 61850-9" PAGE ................................................................... 189
FIGURE 80 - DROP-DOWN MENU RELATED TO SAMPLED VALUES ............................ 189
FIGURE 81 - SETTINGS TO BE INSERTED .............................................................. 190
FIGURE 82 - "SLOT 1" .................................................................................... 191
FIGURE 83 - UPPER PART OF THE "SLOT 1" ......................................................... 191
FIGURE 84 - LOWER PART OF THE "SLOT 1" ........................................................ 192
FIGURE 85 - MESSAGE DISPLAYED..................................................................... 193
FIGURE 86 – RESULTS WITH SAMPLE VALUES ONLY ............................................... 194
FIGURE 87 - DRTS9 AND DRTS64/66 CONNECTION ........................................... 195
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 - STEPS FOR THE CONNECTION OF DRTS XX TO AMI 332/632 (1/2) ......... 131
TABLE 2 - STEPS FOR THE CONNECTION OF DRTS XX TO AMI 332/632 (2/2) ......... 132
TABLE 3 - COMPONENTS OF THE FRONT PANEL .................................................... 139
TABLE 4 - COMPONENTS OF THE REAR PANEL ...................................................... 140
TABLE 5 - SELECTIONS ON THE “GOOSE EXPLORER” PAGE (1/2) ............................. 150
TABLE 6 - SELECTIONS ON THE “GOOSE EXPLORER” PAGE (2/2) ............................. 151
TABLE 7 - SELECTIONS IN THE FILE DROP-DOWN MENU ......................................... 152
TABLE 8 - AVAILABLE TABS .............................................................................. 152
TABLE 9 - SELECTIONS OF THE “EXPLORER OPTIONS” AREA .................................... 153
TABLE 10 - “GOOSE LIST” ELEMENTS................................................................. 157
TABLE 11 – ELEMENTS OF THE “GOOSE LIST” ..................................................... 166
TABLE 12 - ELEMENTS OF THE “GOOSE DETAILS”................................................. 167
TABLE 13 - ICONS OF THE SECOND COLUMN ........................................................ 186
TABLE 14 - ELEMENTS OF THE LOWER PART OF THE “SLOT 1” (1/2) ........................ 192
TABLE 15 - ELEMENTS OF THE LOWER PART OF THE “SLOT 1” (2/2) ........................ 193
TABLE 16 - STEPS TO OBTAIN THE TEST CURRENT ................................................. 196
DRTS XX FAMILY
Chapter
CHAPTER 4 – LOCAL CONTROL 4
LOCAL CONTROL
18 Power-on light
Table 1 - Components of the front panel
The following table lists the five cut-through keys functions:
Key Function Description
Pressing F5 (SHIFT), and F1 open the Help
?
F1 page
Pressing it the test is started
In the “Amplifier Diagnostic report” page,
START
with the “Meas.” Selection, pressing START
pre-fault values are generated
F2 Pressing F5 (SHIFT), and F2 go to next tab, if
TAB
available
Pressing it the test is stopped, and parameters
STOP
go to the healthy values
Pressing F5 (SHIFT), and F3 leave the alpha-
numeric parameter under programming
F3 ESC Staying in the “Amplifier Diagnostic report”
page, pressing F5 (SHIFT), and F3 it is possible
to leave the page
Pressing it the test is stopped, and all
RESET parameters go to zero, including the DC
voltage
Pressing F5 (SHIFT) and F4 select the
parameter under programming, shown with a
F4 SEL red background. In the Dragging test mode,
the selected parameters are adjusted
simultaneously
Pressing it, enter a parameter, or the
ENTER
parameter under programming is accepted
It allows the second selection on F1 to F4 (it
acts as SHIFT)
It allows the second selections of the
F5
following:
SHIFT • 4 (open)
• 6 (save)
• left arrow (minus)
• 0 (delete)
right arrow (decimal point)
Table 2 - Cut-through keys functions
The following table lists the twelve alphanumeric keys functions:
Key Description
1, a, b, c
2, d, e, f
3 ,g, h, i
4, j, k, l, “Open”
5, m, n, o
6, p, q, r, s, “Save”
7, t, u, v
8, w, x , y, z
9, ˟, ˽, #
Left arrow, -
0, “Delete”
Right arrow, .
The following table lists the available selection on the Main Control screen:
Figure 3 – “Setup” page of Man. Control, Dist. ANSI 21, Over. ANSI 50-51
It allows to load a test result previously saved into the local or the USB
memory, and to use it to repeat the test. It is also possible to prepare a test
plan using the TDMS software on the PC, and then loading it from the USB
memory.
The following image exhibits the page opened after the selection of the
“Load Tests”:
The page exhibits the directory of files recorded in the Local Memory or in
the USB Key.
The following table lists the necessary steps to run a test in the memory:
Step Description
Pressing the knob, first select the source (local memory or key)
1 then enter the list, and scroll it until reaching the desired setting
file, whose extension is .D66
2 Press F5 (SHIFT) and F4: the program downoalds the selected file
Start the test pressing Start in the Test window (all tests are
4
repeated)
Table 9 - Steps to run a test in the memory
The following table lists the available selections in the upper part of the file
list:
Selection
Display
Description
ESC
It allows to leave the directory, and to go to another
one, as necessary
…
It allows to exit the page
Table 10 - Selections in the upper part of the file list
Figure 5 – “Setup” page of Man. Control, Dist. ANSI 21, Over. ANSI 50-51
This selection allows saving the test result at the end of a test.
The following image exhibits the page opened after the selection of “Save
Results”:
The page exhibits the directory of files recorded in the Local Memory or in
the USB Key.
The following table lists the necessary steps to save a test in the memory:
Step Description
Firmware modules
2 The screen lists the key firmware
modules, with their revision number
The following table lists the tabs of the “Manual Control” Home page:
Setup 2
Test 3
Status 4
Table 1 - Tabs of the “Manual Control” Home page
Prefault 2.1
Times 2.6
The prefault panel is used to define the prefault values that are generated
before the fault, and that correspond to the “healthy” situation of the
system.
The following table lists the tabs of the “Prefault” page:
Values 2.1.1
Auxiliary 2.1.2
Table 4 - Tabs of the “Prefault” page
2.1.1 Setup/Prefault/Values
The following table lists the selections of the “Values” tab:
Selection
Display
Description
Voltage and current values
For each output, it is possible to select the
following:
• Amplitude (V or A)
• Phase Φ(°)
• Frequency f(Hz)
Voltages range: 0÷300,000 V
Currents range: 0÷10,000 A
Angles range: 0÷360.0°
Frequency range (current outputs):
0÷2999.999 Hz
Frequency range (voltage outputs):
• 0÷3 kHz at 0÷60 V
• Up to 2 kHz at 0÷100 V
• Up to 700 Hz at 0÷300 V
Note 1: the prefault current is limited to
10 A
Note 2: if frequency is not the same on all
outputs, selected angles apply only to test
start; then, angles shift as a function of
the frequency difference
Note3: fault values can have any value,
regardless to prefault ones
DC Supply
It is the voltage supply of the relay under
test; it can be programmed from 12 V to
260 V
Table 5 - elections of the “Values” tab (1/2)
Selection
Display
Description
Prefault Duration
When a sequence of tests is programmed, two tests
can be executed immediately one after the other.
The relay cannot have the time to reset, creating a
lockout situation. Therefore, it is necessary to
program the prefault duration, which should not be
zero: the default is 0.1 s.
The following diagram exhibits the
Prefault/Fault/Prefault cycle:
Apply V DC
The auxiliary DC voltage supply is generated: the
relay is powered-on, and it is possible to read or
modify its settings. This command generates only the
programmed DC voltage
Generate Prefault
All prefault values are generated: the relay is
powered-on, and it detects a normal situation. This
command generates also the programmed DC
voltage
OK
The selected prefault vales are accepted, but not
generated, and the window is closed. Parameters are
added to the test program. Before pressing OK,
select the Auxiliary tab for the definition of the
auxiliary contacts in the prefault conditions
Table 6 - Selections of the “Values” tab (2/2)
2.1.2 Setup/Prefault/Auxiliary
The following image exhibits the “Auxiliary” page:
This page allows setting trip inputs and auxiliary outputs for the test
execution.
The following table lists the tabs of the “Fault I/O Settings” page:
C1-C6
2.2.1
C7-C12
Aux 2.2.2
Table 9 - Tabs of the “Fault I/O Settings” page
2.2.1 Setup/Binary I/O/C1-
I/O/C1-C6 and C7-
C7-C12
Purpose of these two tabs is to define all available selections regarding
inputs to be monitored during the test, and the way in which trip inputs stop
the timer.
With the Input board, digital inputs are divided into six groups of two each,
with the same common:
• C1-C2
• C3-C4
• C5-C6
• C7-C8
• C9-C10
• C11-C12
With the TRANSCOPE board, digital inputs are divided into five groups of
two each, with the same common:
• C1-C2
• C3-C4
• C5-C6
• C9-C10
• C11-C12
With TRANSCOPE, C7 and C8 sockets are available on the front panel, but
they are not connected.
If the “Circuit Breaker Simulation parameters” in the “Circuit Breaker” page
is enabled and if the “CB Close command” is selected “On input C12”, inputs
C11 and C12 are not available for trip time measurement.
The following image exhibits the “Circuit Breaker” page with the previous
selections:
The following table lists the selections of the lower part of the “C1-C6” or
“C7-C12” tabs:
Selection
Display
Description
Start timer
By pressing the arrows, the following selections are
available:
• Injection: the timer starts as fault parameters
are applied. The following image exhibits the
time measurement
• CX Trip (C1 Trip to C12 Trip): the timer starts as the selected input
trips
• CX Reset (C1 Reset to C12 Reset): the timer starts as the selected
input resets
Table 10 - Lower part selection of the “C1-C6” or “C7-C12” tabs (1/4)
Selection
Display
Description
Status
By pressing the arrows, the following selections are
available for each input.
• n.a.: not applicable, the input is not
monitored
• NO: the contact is open (without voltage),
during prefault conditions; the time
measurement of that input is stopped as
soon as the contact closes (with voltage)
• NC: the contact is closed (with voltage),
during prefault conditions; the time
measurement of that input is stopped as
soon as the contact opens (without
voltage)
The following image exhibits the previous selections:
Stop Timer
By pressing the arrows, the following selections are
available:
• Trip: the timer stops as the selected input trips
• Reset: the timer awaits the input to trip; then, it
stops as the selected input resets
The selection “NO” means that the relay does not move during the test.
To move the contact, select “NC”; after this, go to time selection and
program the delay with respect to fault parameters injection.
In the example above, contact C1 closes 10 ms after test start. The actual
delay is 6 ms longer, because of the relay close timing.
2.3 Setup/IN-
Setup/IN-3 CDG
The following image exhibits the “Setup” tab with the IN-3 CDG selection:
This selection refers to the possibility to connect the IN-3 CDG option to
current outputs, so that the current displayed by the program is the one at
the output of the option: this eases the testing and the reporting
The following selections are available:
• ---- (not selected)
• 60/2.5 A
• 60/5 A
Next to the selected ratio, the test set generates the input currents
corresponding to the programmed output.
Shot 2.4.1
Ramp 2.4.2
Delta 2.4.3
Dragging 2.4.4
Table 14 - Selections of the Test Type
2.4.1 Setup/Test type/Shot
This is the typical manual test. The user sets the prefault values, chooses the
shot type of test, goes to the Test window, programs the fault values, and
then presses the Start button: the test is started, and in the Test Results
window are shown the trip delays.
The following image exhibits the test sequence:
The following image exhibits the icon “Set values” which appears after the
selection of the Ramp test:
The following image exhibits the page opened after the selection of the icon
“Set values”:
With this selection, all parameters can change with positive or negative
gradients.
In the following image, there is the programming of a ramp of 1 V/s on
outputs V1, V2 and V3:
Figure 16 - Example
Press the square on the left to enable the variable; then, write on the right
the desired rate of change.
The only impossible selection is to perform a frequency and angle gradient
simultaneously. Actually, an angle gradient involves also a frequency
gradient, and vice versa. In case of error, the selection is refused when you
start the test.
Parameter limits are as follows:
• For voltages and currents: zero, or the maximum voltages and
currents
• For angles: no limits; after 360°, the ramp continues with 0°
• For the frequency (current outputs): 0÷2,999.999 Hz
• For the frequency (voltage outputs):
o 0÷3 kHz at 0÷60 V
o Up to 2 kHz at 60÷100 V
o Up to 700 Hz at 100÷300 V
The following image exhibits the test sequence:
If it is not zero, the window will display the actual threshold by computing
the following:
∙ !
It is possible to see that the error to be corrected is bigger with a fast
gradient, and with a big nominal time.
The following table lists the error conditions:
No. Error conditions
When a ramp test is programmed, the test set verifies that there
is at least one parameter selected as variable; if not, as OK is
1
pressed, the following message is displayed:
“Error in setting Ramp: please select at least a parameter”
The test set verifies that, on the selected parameter, the gradient
is not zero; else, as OK is pressed, the following message is
2 displayed:
“Error in setting Ramp: the ramp value must be different than
zero”
With the Ramp test, the maximum test time parameter, Tmax
programmed in the Setup window, is important, because the
program verifies if, during this time, one or more parameters
3 exceed the limits: if so, as the test is started, the following message
is displayed:
“The ramp time has been adjusted to respect the limits. Continue
anyway?”
Pressing OK, the programmed ramp and start values are kept; the
maximum test time is modified (shortened), so that no parameter
4 exceeds the maximum. The Tmax parameter is modified for this test
only; the modified value can be read on the tests table. To avoid
this, correct the ramp or the starting value
The test set verifies that the programmed conditions are not
impossible: for instance, a positive gradient starting from the
5 maximum voltage or current; else, as the test is started, the
following message is displayed:
“Error: Ramp test has not been added. Invalid fault conditions”
The test set verifies that a frequency and angle ramp are not
selected simultaneously; else, as test start is pressed, the following
6 message is displayed:
“Error in setting Ramp: it is not possible to set phase and frequency
ramps together”
Table 15 - Error conditions
2.4.3 Setup/Test type/Delta
There are two types of relay characteristics: parameter vs. time, or
parameter vs. parameter. With the first type, each point of the curve is a
time measurement; with the second one, each point is a threshold. With the
first type of curve, it is possible to verify the characteristic curve just
performing a series of shot tests, changing the suitable parameters between
one test and the other.
This selection allows performing this test in a semi-automatic mode, by
selecting the starting parameters values, the increment of the parameters
and the number of tests to be performed. The only care is to avoid exceeding
the maximum or minimum parameter value.
The following image exhibits the icon, which appears after the selection of
the Delta test:
The following image exhibits the page opened after the selection of the icon
“Set values”:
With this selection, all parameters can change with positive or negative
steps.
In the previous image, there is the programming of a step of 1 V on outputs
V1, V2 and V3, and 10 steps in all.
Press the square on the left to enable the variable; then, write on the right
the desired step amplitude.
Parameter limits are as follows:
• For voltages and currents: zero, or the maximum voltages and
currents
• For angles: no limits; after 360°, the test continues with 0°
• For the frequency (current outputs): 0÷2,999.999 Hz
• For the frequency (voltage outputs):
o 0÷3 kHz at 0÷60 V
o Up to 2 kHz at 60÷100 V
o Up to 700 Hz at 100÷300 V
Pressing “OK”, the test is memorized by the device.
Pressing the “START” key (F1) in the “Test” tab, in the “Status” tab it is
possible to see that the test being executed is one out of the programmed
ten tests (the first test is always the prefault generation).
The following image exhibits the “Status” tab (the grey wheel is related to
the progress of a test):
All shot tests are performed one after the other; the result table will show
the test results, as many as the programmed number of Steps.
Fault 2.4.5.1
Pref-Fault-Zero 2.4.5.2
Pref-Fault-Pref 2.4.5.3
Fault-Zero 2.4.5.4
Fault-Prefault 2.4.5.5
Table 17 - Selections of the “Cycle Type”
Parameter Description
It is the maximum test time. Usually it is set at a value greater the
maximum relay trip delay, so that the relay will trip within Tmax.
If the relay does not trip, test result will be a big number, such as
9,999 s. This could be the nominal result, watching contacts that
T max
should not trip during a test.
In ramp tests, Tmax defines the maximum or minimum value
reached by the parameter:
ValueMax = ValueTest + Tmax * Gradient
In the real case, fault parameters are removed by the plant after
the time taken by the CB to open the line, i.e. about 50 ms after
the relay trip. In some instance, removing the fault parameter as
CB delay soon as the relay trips has caused some malfunction, such as the
lack of the fault recording. After the relay trip, fault parameters
are maintained until the hold time expires: this simulates the CB
delay
Table 18 - Parameters of the “Times” selection
3 TEST
The following image exhibits the “Setup” tab in which it is necessary to select
a “Test Type”:
The following image exhibits the “Test” tab in case of selection of Shot,
Ramp or Delta test (for DRTS 34):
Once the parameters are set, the test evolution depends upon the type of
test, as follow:
• Shot: pressing START (F1 key), all selected parameters are
generated and applied to the relay under test. During the
generation a special icon (grey wheel), confirms the test progress.
As the relay trips, the wheel disappears and in the trip field is
displayed the elapsed time
Contacts
There are 12 lights. At any moment
after the dragging test is selected, if
one of the inputs trips, the
corresponding light turns on (green)
Vector diagram
Vector form of the outputs (see
Paragraph 3.1)
Step Description
Enter the parameters to control, and press Start: all the
1
selected parameters are generated
Reach for the parameter to control and press the knob to select
it. Rotate clockwise (counter-clockwise) the knob:
• the value increments (decrements)
• the variation is displayed on the vector diagram
In alternative, push the right or left arrow and the parameter
decreases or increases by one tenth; pushing shift plus the
knob, the parameter decreases or increases by ten times
4 Enter any of the parameters and press Start: turning the knob,
all selected parameters are modified at the meanwhile. In the
example, the three currents I1, I2, I3 have been programmed to
be modified together. It is also possible to rotate the three
outputs altogether, or to change the frequency
IMPORTANT: It is possible to select together only
parameters of the same type, such as: voltage
(current) amplitude, voltage (current) phase, voltage
(current) frequency
Parameters
The display shows all parameters
being currently generated
Contacts
A light (green) on C1÷C12 means that
the corresponding contact has tripped
Contacts
When a contact A1÷A8 has closed, the
corresponding box turns on (green)
Analog Inputs
It is possible to disable or enable the
measurement, by clicking the knob on
it. It is possible to select if the
measurement is on current or voltage
input, by clicking the knob on it: the
corresponding measurement, in V or
mA, is shown to the right. Testing a
transformer, it is possible to verify if it
is right. This is performed pressing the
START button: parameters will be
generated and measurements
displayed
Table 26 - Elements of the “Status” page
To change parameters, stop the test, go to the Test window, change the
parameters, go to the Status window and start again. No parameters change
can be performed while being in the Status window.
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 – “MANUAL CONTROL” HOME PAGE ................................................... 227
FIGURE 2 – “SETUP” PAGE .............................................................................. 228
FIGURE 3 - "PREFAULT" PAGE .......................................................................... 230
FIGURE 4 - "AUXILIARY" PAGE .......................................................................... 233
FIGURE 5 - RELAY OUTPUTS (4) A1÷A4 ............................................................. 233
FIGURE 6 –ROUND CONNECTOR (26) WITH SOLID STATE OUTPUTS A5÷A8 ............... 234
FIGURE 7 - "AUXILIARY" TAB: RELAY OUTPUTS AND THE SOLID-STATE OUTPUTS .......... 234
FIGURE 8 - "FAULT I/O SETTINGS" PAGE ............................................................ 237
FIGURE 9 - “CIRCUIT BREAKER” PAGE ................................................................ 239
FIGURE 10 - "AUX" TAB .................................................................................. 243
FIGURE 11 – “SETUP” TAB WITH THE IN-3 CDG SELECTION .................................. 244
FIGURE 12 – “SETUP” TAB WITH THE “TEST TYPE” SELECTION ................................ 245
FIGURE 13 - SHOT TEST SEQUENCE .................................................................... 246
FIGURE 14 - RAMP SELECTION AND NEW ICON "SET VALUES" ................................. 247
FIGURE 15 - "VALUES" PAGE ........................................................................... 247
FIGURE 16 - EXAMPLE .................................................................................... 248
FIGURE 17 - RAMP TEST SEQUENCE ................................................................... 249
FIGURE 18 - "NOMINAL TIME" SELECTION.......................................................... 250
FIGURE 19 - RAMP SELECTION AND NEW ICON "SET VALUES" ................................. 252
FIGURE 20 - "SET VALUES" PAGE ...................................................................... 252
FIGURE 21 – “STATUS” TAB AND TEST IN PROGRESS ............................................. 254
FIGURE 22 – PARAMETERS EVOLUTION .............................................................. 255
FIGURE 23 – “SETUP” TAB WITH THE “CYCLE TYPE” SELECTION .............................. 256
FIGURE 24 – “FAULT” TEST SEQUENCE .............................................................. 257
FIGURE 25 – “PREFAULT-FAULT-ZERO” TEST SEQUENCE ....................................... 258
FIGURE 26 – “PREFAULT-FAULT-PREFAULT” TEST SEQUENCE ................................. 259
FIGURE 27 – “SETUP” TAB WITH THE “TIMES” SELECTION ..................................... 260
FIGURE 28 - "SETUP" TAB: SELECT A TEST TYPE ................................................... 261
FIGURE 29 - “TEST” TAB IN CASE OF SHOT, RAMP OR DELTA TEST SELECTION ............ 261
FIGURE 30 - "DRAGGING" PAGE ....................................................................... 267
FIGURE 31 - "STATUS" TAB ............................................................................. 271
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 - TABS OF THE “MANUAL CONTROL” HOME PAGE .................................... 227
TABLE 2 - SELECTIONS OF THE “SETUP” PAGE (1/2) ............................................. 228
TABLE 3 - SELECTIONS OF THE “SETUP” PAGE (1/2) ............................................. 229
TABLE 4 - TABS OF THE “PREFAULT” PAGE .......................................................... 230
TABLE 5 - ELECTIONS OF THE “VALUES” TAB (1/2) ............................................... 231
TABLE 6 - SELECTIONS OF THE “VALUES” TAB (2/2) ............................................. 232
TABLE 7 - SELECTIONS OF THE LOWER PART OF THE “AUXILIARY” TAB (1/2) .............. 235
TABLE 8 - SELECTIONS OF THE LOWER PART OF THE “AUXILIARY” TAB (2/2) .............. 236
TABLE 9 - TABS OF THE “FAULT I/O SETTINGS” PAGE............................................ 237
TABLE 10 - LOWER PART SELECTION OF THE “C1-C6” OR “C7-C12” TABS (1/4)....... 239
TABLE 11 - LOWER PART SELECTION OF THE “C1-C6” OR “C7-C12” TABS (2/4)....... 240
TABLE 12 - LOWER PART SELECTION OF THE “C1-C6” OR “C7-C12” TABS (3/4)....... 241
TABLE 13 - LOWER PART SELECTION OF THE “C1-C6” OR “C7-C12” TABS (4/4)....... 242
TABLE 14 - SELECTIONS OF THE TEST TYPE.......................................................... 245
TABLE 15 - ERROR CONDITIONS ........................................................................ 251
TABLE 16 - ERROR CONDITIONS ........................................................................ 255
TABLE 17 - SELECTIONS OF THE “CYCLE TYPE”..................................................... 257
TABLE 18 - PARAMETERS OF THE “TIMES” SELECTION ........................................... 260
TABLE 19 - SELECTIONS OF THE “TEST” TAB (1/4) ............................................... 262
TABLE 20 - SELECTIONS OF THE “TEST” TAB (2/4) ............................................... 263
TABLE 21 - SELECTIONS OF THE “TEST” TAB (3/4)................................................ 264
TABLE 22 - SELECTIONS OF THE “TEST” TAB (4/4) ............................................... 265
TABLE 23 - SELECTIONS OF THE “DRAGGING” PAGE.............................................. 268
TABLE 24 - OPERATIONS TO PERFORM THE DRAGGING TEST (1/2) .......................... 269
TABLE 25 - OPERATIONS TO PERFORM THE DRAGGING TEST (2/2) .......................... 270
TABLE 26 - ELEMENTS OF THE “STATUS” PAGE .................................................... 272
DRTS XX FAMILY
Chapter
CHAPTER 6 – LOCAL CONTROL: DISTANCE6ANSI 21
LOCAL CONTROL:
DISTANCE ANSI 21
The following table lists the tabs of the “Distance ANSI 21” Home page:
Tab Paragraph Display
Setup 2
Test 3
Graph 4
Status 5
Table 1 – Tabs of “Distance ANSI 21” Home page
2 SETUP
The following image exhibits the “Setup” tab:
Nominal
2.3
Values
CT Side 2.4
Table 2 - Selections of the “Setup” tab (1/2)
Selection Paragraph Display
KE given as
ZLoop/Arc 2.5
Res
Nominal
2.6
Times
Switch 2.7
Table 3 - Selections of the “Setup” tab (2/2)
CAUTION: For all the not listed parameters in the Table 2 and
Table 3, please, refer to Chapter 4 “Local Control”
Setup/Generate Prefault and Apply V DC
The following image exhibits the two commands “Generate Prefault” and
“Apply V DC”:
With these commands, the test set generates the prefault voltages and the
auxiliary DC voltage, or the auxiliary DC voltage only. Before giving the
command, it is necessary to program these values in the Nominal values
selection.
Setup/Binary Inputs
The following image exhibits the selection “Binary Inputs”:
This selection allows defining the trip inputs that are used during the tests,
and to associate them to the type of fault.
The following image exhibits the “Binary Inputs” page:
This selection allows defining the nominal values that are used during tests.
This selection allows defining the side to which the secondary of the CT is
grounded.
Available selections are the following:
• Line: current angles are the ones selected for tests
• Busbar: angles are rotated by 180°, but this angle change is not
reported in test results, that look like those obtained with the Line
selection
Setup/KE given as and ZLoop/Arc Res
The following table lists the elements of the “KE given as” and “ZLoop/Arc
Res” tabs:
Selection
Display
Description
KE given as
This section allows programming the earth factor as KE.
This parameter is applied to all zones.
The parameter can be given two ways:
• ZE/ZL
• RE/RL and XE/XL (used by SIEMENS)
When selecting ZE/ZL, it is possible to input the module
of the parameter (default 1) and its argument
(default 0°)
According to the relay manufacturer or the user, the same factor can be expressed with
other parameters, that are mathematically related by the following formulas:
• The base for the computation of other parameters are the line impedance parameters,
i.e. the parameters of the line to be protected. This is not to be confused with the fault
impedance. These parameters can be given as module ZL and argument ΦL, or with
the related components RL and XL, where:
• RL = ZL * cos (φL)
• XL = ZL * sin (φL)
• The first related parameter is the zero sequence impedance Z0, given as module and
argument. With these parameters, you can compute the corresponding earth factor
KE and its argument as follows:
• KE = (1/3) * (Z0-ZL)/ZL
• φE = φ0 -φL
• The second related parameter is the ground impedance ZN, given as module and
argument. With these parameters, you can compute the corresponding earth factor
KE and its argument as follows:
• KE = ZN/ZL
• φE = φN - φL
• The third related parameter is the loop impedance Zlo, given as module and argument.
With these parameters, you can compute the corresponding earth factor KE and its
argument as follows:
• KE = (Zlo – ZL)/ZL
• φE = φlo – φL
If the input data are RE/RL and XE/XL, the program uses the parameters with the following:
R’ = R * (1 + RE/RL)
X’ = X * (1 + XE/XL)
Z = ′
′
φZ= tan R’/X’
V1 = Z * Itest
Table 5 - Elements of the “KE given as” and “ZLoop/Arc Res” tabs (1/2)
Selection
Display
Description
ZLoop/Arc Res
This section allows programming the Zloop
earth factor (or the arc resistance) on the
desired type of fault. The programming area
is the following one:
• LN
• LLL
• LL
Some distance relays define the parameters
X as fault impedances, and the parameters R
as loop impedances; furthermore, the Rloop
definition can be applied or not to ground
faults or to phase to phase faults. If one of
these protections have to be tested, this
window allows selecting the relative option:
the program will transform the nominal loop
values into the corresponding line values and
the vice-versa.
Please refer to Appendix IV for the formulas
used in these instances
Table 6 - Elements of the “KE given as” and “ZLoop/Arc Res” tabs (2/2)
Setup/Nominal Times
The following image exhibits the selection “Nominal Times”:
This section allows programming the nominal relay trip times for the
different zones.
Trip times are defined for each zone, and are the same for all types of fault.
Nominal times are used to verify the relay settings (see the relative
paragraph).
It is very important that actual trip times correspond to the programmed
ones.
During the test, it is possible to close a contact prior to the test itself. If this
contact is connected to a digital input of the relay, such as the over-reach
command, it is possible to verify that the relay changes its first zone limit.
With the arrows of the “Switch” selection, it is possible to select the output
that will switch.
3 TEST
The following image exhibits the “Test” tab:
Shot 3.1
Border 3.3
Table 7 - Tabs of the “Test” page
For all these tests, faults are simulated considering the Setup values, that
have to be programmed first.
Appendix VI summarizes the fault calculation formulas, and the vector
diagrams of the different types of fault.
CAUTION: The zone limit cannot be defined by one test. It is
defined by two tests, where:
• in test N there are the test impedance Z(N), and a trip time
of zone N
• and test N+1, the test impedance is Z(N+1) and the trip
time is t(N+1)
In this situation, the zone limit is the following:
Zl = (Z(N) + Z(N+1))/2
and the test result accuracy is the following:
Za = ± (Z(N+1) – Z(N))/2
In fact, it is not possible to know where the zone is changed
between Z(N) and Z(N+1): it could be anywhere.
Therefore, the smaller the difference between the two tests
the higher the test result accuracy.
Test/Shot
The shot test allows programming any type of fault and any fault impedance.
Then a fault is generated with the programmed values, and the
corresponding trip delay is displayed.
The following image exhibits the “Shot” page:
Measure trip
trip
delay
Fault Type 3.1.3
Table 3.1.4
t Max
It is the maximum test time; if there is no trip within
t Max, the test result is “----“
Table 9 - “Timer Settings” selections (1/2)
Selection
Display
Description
CB Delay
In the real case, fault parameters are removed from
the relay after the time taken by the CB to open the
line, i.e. about 50 ms after the relay trip. In some
instance, removing the fault parameter as soon as
the relay trip has caused some malfunction, such as
the lack of the fault recording. After the relay trip,
fault parameters are maintained until the CB delay
expires
Table 10 - “Timer Settings” selections (2/2)
PF0
This test is a good simulation of what actually occurs in a plant, because after
the CB intervention all parameters go to zero. However, with this sequence, it is
important to program the prefault duration time, Tpf, different from zero; else,
the next sequence would become Fault, and some relays could interpret the
sequence as close onto fault, and behave differently from usual.
Compared to Prefault-Fault-Prefault, when the last test is finished, all values go
to zero (unless the auxiliary DC voltage). If there is no further test, parameters
stay at zero until the next Test Start command. If there is another test in an
automated sequence, the zero duration before next test is equal to the Tpf
duration; then, the Prefault is applied for a duration equal to Tpf, then next fault
is applied.
The following image exhibits the Prefault-Fault-Zero test sequence:
Lines of the Table are green after the test has been executed, and white
before test execution.
Select the Table and press the knob: by rotating the knob, it is possible to
reach any line, executed or not.
It is possible to delete the selected line by pressing F5+0 (DEL).
For each parameter that is not zero, it is possible to read the following:
impedance, angle, and the R, X components.
The button “Delete all” allows deleting all tests of the test table. If pressed,
the following confirmation message is displayed:
Zones trip times are T1, T2, T3, and T4; after the last zone, the relay does
not trip. Zones limits are Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4.
The following image exhibits the “Auto Z-t” tab:
Table 3.2.4
3.2.1 Test/Auto Z-
Z-t/Fault Values
The following image exhibits the Fault Values:
The second purpose is to measure accurately a zone limit. For this purpose,
the start and stop impedances will be close to the nominal value, a little
smaller and bigger respectively; the step will be as small as desired, based
upon the test result accuracy.
The following image exhibits the test result:
The example is related to the Z1 test. Dots are much closer, and define
exactly the Z1 limit.
3.2.3 Test/Auto Z-
Z-t/Fault Type
Please, refer to Paragraph 3.1.3.
3.2.4 Test/Auto
Test/Auto Z-
Z-t/Table
Please, refer to Paragraph 3.1.4.
Test/Border
This selection allows performing the test very common: having a setting
table, the task is to verify that the settings are the correct ones.
To this purpose, the program performs an automatic test: starting from the
setting values, it tests the relay response injecting faults equal to the set
zone limits, plus and minus the set tolerance. The program tells also whether
the trip time is correct or not.
The following image exhibits the “Border” tab:
Impedance
3.3.1
Settings
Timer
3.3.2
Settings
Table 13 - Elements of the “Border” tab (1/2)
Element Paragraph Display
Fault
3.3.3
Type
Table 3.3.4
3.3.1 Test/Border
Test/Border/Impedance
Border/Impedance Settings
The following image exhibits the “Impedance Settings”:
3.3.4 Test/Border
Test/Border/
Border/Table
Please, refer to Paragraph 3.1.4.
4 GRAPH
The following image exhibits the “Graph” tab:
Press the button and enter the results table; move the knob and scroll
results. The horizontal scroll bar below allows reading more about the tests
data. As you scroll results, in the bottom part of the page, all parameters are
displayed.
The following table lists the elements of the “Results” tab:
Selection
Display
Description
Fault
Type of fault (i.e. single phase L1)
Fault impedance
Value of the fault impedance Z (i.e. 0.190 Ohm)
Fault angle
Value of the fault angle Φ (i.e. 80.0°)
Table 18 - Elements of the “Results” tab (1/2)
Selection
Display
Description
Nom
Value of the Nominal impedance in the
Border test (i.e. 0.200 ± 0.010 Ohm)
t
Value of the trip delay (i.e. 0.0788 s)
Err
It is the difference in Ohm between the
measured impedance
Result
Only for the Border test.
Green check = test result correct
White cross on a red spot = wrong trip
relay
Table 19 - Elements of the “Results” tab (2/2)
Page left intentionally blank.
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 – “DISTANCE ANSI 21” HOME PAGE ................................................... 279
FIGURE 2 – “SETUP” TAB ................................................................................ 280
FIGURE 3 - "GENERATE PREFAULT" AND "APPLY V DC" COMMANDS....................... 282
FIGURE 4 - "BINARY INPUTS" SELECTION ............................................................ 283
FIGURE 5 - "BINARY INPUTS" PAGE ................................................................... 283
FIGURE 6 - "NOMINAL VALUES" SELECTION ........................................................ 285
FIGURE 7 - "CT SIDE" SELECTION ...................................................................... 288
FIGURE 8 - "NOMINAL TIMES" SELECTION .......................................................... 291
FIGURE 9 - "SWITCH" SELECTION ...................................................................... 292
FIGURE 10 - "TEST" TAB ................................................................................. 293
FIGURE 11 - "SHOT" PAGE .............................................................................. 295
FIGURE 12 - TABLE WITH SHOT TESTS PROGRAMMED ........................................... 296
FIGURE 13 – TABLE: SHOT, AUTO Z-T AND BORDER TESTS..................................... 300
FIGURE 14 - TRIP FOR THE LAST TEST ................................................................. 301
FIGURE 15 - SCROLL BAR ................................................................................. 301
FIGURE 16 - CONFIRMATION MESSAGE TO DELETE................................................ 302
FIGURE 17 – (R, X) PLANE .............................................................................. 303
FIGURE 18 – (Z, T) PLANE ............................................................................... 304
FIGURE 19 - "AUTO Z-T" TAB .......................................................................... 304
FIGURE 20 - FAULT VALUES ............................................................................. 305
FIGURE 21 - FIRST PURPOSE: TEST RESULT .......................................................... 306
FIGURE 22 - SECOND PURPOSE: TEST RESULT ...................................................... 307
FIGURE 23 - "BORDER" TAB ............................................................................ 309
FIGURE 24 – “IMPEDANCE SETTINGS” ............................................................... 310
FIGURE 25 - "GRAPH" TAB .............................................................................. 312
FIGURE 26 - "STATUS" TAB ............................................................................. 313
FIGURE 27 - "RESULTS" TAB ............................................................................ 314
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 – TABS OF “DISTANCE ANSI 21” HOME PAGE ........................................ 279
TABLE 2 - SELECTIONS OF THE “SETUP” TAB (1/2) ............................................... 280
TABLE 3 - SELECTIONS OF THE “SETUP” TAB (2/2) ............................................... 281
TABLE 4 - ELEMENTS OF THE “BINARY INPUTS” PAGE ............................................ 284
TABLE 5 - ELEMENTS OF THE “KE GIVEN AS” AND “ZLOOP/ARC RES” TABS (1/2) ...... 289
TABLE 6 - ELEMENTS OF THE “KE GIVEN AS” AND “ZLOOP/ARC RES” TABS (2/2) ...... 290
TABLE 7 - TABS OF THE “TEST” PAGE ................................................................. 293
TABLE 8 - ELEMENTS OF THE “SHOT” PAGE ......................................................... 296
TABLE 9 - “TIMER SETTINGS” SELECTIONS (1/2) .................................................. 297
TABLE 10 - “TIMER SETTINGS” SELECTIONS (2/2) ................................................ 298
TABLE 11 - FAULT TYPE” PARAMETERS FOR THE FAULT EVOLUTION.......................... 299
TABLE 12 - ELEMENTS OF THE “SHOT” PAGE ....................................................... 305
TABLE 13 - ELEMENTS OF THE “BORDER” TAB (1/2) ............................................ 309
TABLE 14 - ELEMENTS OF THE “BORDER” TAB (1/2) ............................................ 310
TABLE 15 - ELEMENTS OF THE “IMPEDANCE SETTINGS” (1/2) ................................ 310
TABLE 16 - ELEMENTS OF THE “IMPEDANCE SETTING”S (2/2) ................................ 311
TABLE 17 - ELEMENTS OF THE “STATUS” TAB ...................................................... 313
TABLE 18 - ELEMENTS OF THE “RESULTS” TAB (1/2) ............................................ 314
TABLE 19 - ELEMENTS OF THE “RESULTS” TAB (2/2) ............................................ 315
DRTS XX FAMILY
Chapter
CHAPTER 7 - L.C.: OVERCURRENT ANSI 7
50-
50-51
LOCAL CONTROL:
OVERCURRENT ANSI 50-51
The following table lists the tabs of the “Overcurrent ANSI 50-51” page:
Setup 2
Test 3
Graph 4
Status 5
Table 1 - Tabs of the “Overcurrent ANSI 50-51” page
2 SETUP
The following image exhibits the “Setup” tab:
Generate Prefault
2.1
Apply V DC
Prefault 2.4
With these commands, the test set generates the prefault voltages (if the
Directional test is checked) and the auxiliary DC voltage, or the auxiliary DC
voltage only. Before giving the command, it is necessary to program the
nominal voltage in the Directional 50-51 selection.
2.2 Setup/Binary Inputs
The following image exhibits the selection “Binary Inputs”:
This selection allows defining the trip inputs that are used during the tests,
and to associate them to the type of fault.
The following image exhibits the “Binary Inputs” page:
Opening the page, there are some default settings; if they are good, press
OK, else to modify them, proceed as follows:
• Delete the undesired characteristics (SHIFT+DEL)
• Add a new element pressing the button “Add 50-51 element”:
• The following image exhibits the page after the pressure of the button
“Add 50-51 element” with the selection of “Definite Time”:
Element Description
Element Description
When the test is performed, the current is applied at the programmed phase
angle with respect to the voltage. Changing the angle it is possible to verify
the directional sensitivity.
2.6 Setup/Timer
Setup/Timer Error
The following image exhibits the “Timer Error” selection:
Element Description
This selection allows defining the maximum threshold tests current error.
3 TEST
This selection allows setting the relay test parameters.
The following image exhibits the “Test” tab:
Shot 3.1
The table shows the programmed values, together with test results; they are also
summarized in the lower part of the window. Reaching for a test result, the
following parameters are shown in the Results area:
• Fault: the type of faults (single phase, two phase, three phase, negative
sequence)
• Result: If the trip time is the nominal one, plus or minus the programmed
tolerance, test result is OK: this is shown by the check icon . Otherwise,
the white cross on a red spot marks a wrong trip delay
• I (A): the test current
• IR (x Ipu): the test current
• t (s): the measured trip time
• Tnom (s): the nominal delay at the test current, derived from the nominal
characteristic
• Err-T (s): This is the time error with respect to the nominal delay, derived
from the nominal characteristic
• Im (x Ipu): Nominal current
• Err-I (%): the percentage current error with respect to the nominal current,
derived from the nominal characteristic
Table 12 - Selections of the “Shot” tab (4/4)
3.2 Test/Auto
Test/Auto I-
I-t
This test allows checking the relay characteristic curve. The program
generates a number of tests, starting from the programmed test start
current, and incrementing the test current of the programmed current
increment until the maximum programmed current is reached. On each test
the program measures the corresponding delay: test results are the relay
characteristic curve.
The following image exhibits the “Auto I-t” tab:
CAUTION: The blank dots correspond to no trip results: they are necessary
to verify the Ipu setting
Table 13 - Selections of the “Auto I-t” tab (1/2)
Selection
Display
Description
The second purpose is to measure accurately a definite time current
threshold. For this purpose, the start and stop currents are closed to the
nominal value, a little smaller and bigger respectively; the step is as small
as desired, based upon the test result accuracy.
The following diagram shows the test result (I> test):
Dots are much closer, and define exactly the I> limit.
Timer Settings and Trip
Refer to the Paragraph 3.1
Fault Type
Refer to the Paragraph 3.1
Table
Refer to the Paragraph 3.1
CAUTION: In the list of tests, tests are arranged with the
higher current first. This is because with high current the relay
should trip: if it does not, this tells that there is something
wrong in the programming, and it is possible to avoid wasting
time
Results
Refer to the Paragraph 3.1
Table 14 - Selections of the “Auto I-t” tab (2/2)
4 GRAPH
The following image exhibits the “Graph” tab:
The page shows the nominal characteristic curve, and the measured trip
times as a function of the test current.
5 STATUS
Purpose of this selection is to watch the test set operation during long tests,
i.e. tests where parameters do not change too fast. In fact, the refresh of
the window is performed every 0.5 s.
The following image exhibits the “Status” tab:
Element Description
Upper side: the display shows all parameters being currently
1
generated
C1÷C12 line: lights on mean that the corresponding contact
2
has tripped
3 V DC: auxiliary DC voltage supply
These data are fundamental because test results is grouped according to the
header. Therefore, when you are to perform a test, the first thing is to input
the test header; next, you can perform tests. When you are finished, save
results with this header; then, as you change the relay, do not forget to
change the header. The test set automatically associates to these data the
test date and time, which is used as search criteria.
2 AUXILIARY SETTINGS
The following image exhibits the “Auxiliary Settings” page:
The following table lists the selections of the page “Auxiliary Settings”:
Selection
Display
Description
Auxiliary Voltage
Modern relays, after power-on, take some time for the
internal diagnostics. Usually, when leaving a PC
program, also the auxiliary supply are loosen; with the
next program it is necessary to wait for the relay
diagnostic to finish, before it operates again.
It is possible to have a continuous supply entering this
page.
• Input the desired value for the auxiliary DC supply
• Press ON: the auxiliary DC voltage is generated.
Go to the test program, it is possible to avoid
setting the auxiliary voltage; however, resetting
the program or leaving it, the auxiliary voltage is
reset
• To avoid this, check the box “Disable DC changes”:
the auxiliary voltage is no more reset, until
pressing OFF
Table 1 - Selections of the page “Auxiliary Settings” (1/2)
Selection
Display
Description
Burden Settings
When the test involves current generation,
before the first test the test set measures
the relay impedance. In some older relay,
the burden changes: it is high while the
relay starts, then, when the relay measures
the impedance, the burden is low. In this
situation, may be that the high burden is
too high, and the test set signals overload.
This is too bad, because the lower burden
often can be accepted by the test set.
The way out from this is the following:
• The following table shows the
maximum burden as a function of the
test current:
I 1 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 20 25 32
“t2” adds to “t1”, and “t3” adds to “t1+t2”; therefore, “t4” is automatically
displayed as greater than “t1+t2+t3”: a smaller value is not accepted.
To exit the diagram, press the knob.
4 AMPLIFIERS DIAGNOSTIC REPORT
Purpose of this very important selection is gathering information, which, in
case of fault or of doubt, help diagnosing the problem. So, in case of
problems, before getting in touch with ISA, please enter this session, and
verify if values are in the range explained here below. Very often it is
possible to understand what the source of the problem is, and correct
without any further trouble. If this is not the case, please, report the
readings to ISA: this helps understanding the problem, and deciding the
corrective action.
Selecting the icon “Page” in the Main Control Screen, a number of different
pages is accessible.
The following image exhibits the “Amplifiers Diagnostic Report” page:
To leave each page, press SHIFT+F5 and ESC +F3. The following image
exhibits the icon in the upper right corner:
Parameter Description
It is the revision number of the firmware running
DSP FW version on the DSP processor; it is the same for all currents
and voltages
It is the revision number of the firmware running
PIC FW version on the PIC processor; it is the same for all currents
and voltages
Controller type It is I for currents, and V for voltages
It is 1 for currents I1 to I3; 2 for currents I to I6; 3
Address identifier
for voltages V1 to V3; 4 for voltages V4 to V6
FPGA0 and FPGA1
The same code for all amplifiers
version
It is the serial number of the Printed Circuit Board;
Control board
it is different for currents I1 to I3; currents I4 to I6;
serial number
voltages V1 to V3; voltages V4 to V6
It is the serial number of the Printed Circuit Board;
Amplifier board
it is different for currents I1 to I3; currents I to I6;
serial number
voltages V1 to V3; voltages V4 to V6
It is the maximum voltage which can be applied to
Max reverse the relays which open the outputs without
supply damaging them; it is 100 V for current outputs, and
250 V for voltage outputs
Control board
activated The same code for all amplifiers
protections
Table 4 - Configuration parameters
4.2 Supply
The device hosts a number of circuits, which are fed by different supplies.
This page allows checking that their values are correct.
The following image exhibits the “Supply” page:
Parameter Description
It feeds the logic circuits of all logic boards, and of
+5 V supply current amplifier boards. The value is OK when it is
in the range from 4.75 V to 5.25 V
It feeds the analogue circuits of current amplifier
+15 V supply boards. The value is OK when it is in the range from
14.5 V to 15.5 V
It feeds the analogue circuits of current amplifier
-15 V supply boards. The value is OK when it is in the range from
-14.5 V to -15.5 V
Table 5 - Common parameters to all current outputs
The following table lists the specific parameters for each current output:
Parameter Description
After power-on, if no current has been generated
I1 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) yet, normal values are around 2 V. After the first
positive supply generation, the value is OK when it is in the range
from 7.5 V to 8.5 V
After power-on, if no current has been generated
I1 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) yet, normal values are around -2 V. After the first
negative supply generation, the value is OK when it is in the range
from -7.5 V to -8.5 V
Table 6 - Specific parameters for each current output
The following table lists the common parameters to all voltage outputs:
Parameter Description
It feeds the logic circuits of all logic boards, and of
+5 V supply voltage amplifier boards. The value is OK when it is
in the range from 4.75 V to 5.25 V
It feeds the analogue circuits of voltage amplifier
+15 V supply boards. The value is OK when it is in the range from
14.5 V to 15.5 V
It feeds the analogue circuits of current amplifier
-15 V supply boards. The value is OK when it is in the range from
-14.5 V to -15.5 V
Table 7 - Common parameters to all voltage outputs
The following table lists the specific parameters for each current output:
Parameter Description
V1 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) The value is OK when it is in the range from 65 V to
positive supply 75 V
V1 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) The value is OK when it is in the range from - 65 V
negative supply to - 75 V
Table 8 - Specific parameters for each current output
The following image exhibits the voltage amplifiers V1÷V3 page (there is a
similar page for outputs V4 to V6):
Parameter Description
It is the product of the programmed output current
Output voltage by the burden. The minimum value is zero (no
generation); the maximum is 16 V
Output current It is the programmed value
This value should be zero, as there should be no
voltage applied to current outputs. Current
amplifiers are separated from the output sockets
by relays. Before the very first generation
Reverse supply command, including zero, the test set measures
the reverse supply; if it is more than 25 V, it alerts
the operator, and the test is aborted. In this
situation, it is possible to read what is the reverse
supply amplitude, and correct the problem
Current amplifiers are class AB; when outputs are
zero, they are crossed by the bias current. A value
Bias current
greater than 250 mA tells that there is something
wrong in the circuit
Table 9 - Measurements displayed for each current amplifier
The following image exhibits the voltage amplifiers V1÷V3:
The following table lists the measurements displayed for each voltage
amplifier:
Parameter Description
Output voltage It is the programmed value
It is the ratio of the programmed output voltage
and the burden. The minimum value is zero (no
generation). The maximum is a function of the
Output current
output voltage; it is 0.8 A from 0 to 125 V; then, it
decreases so that the product Vout*Iout is not more
than 100 VA, and it is 0.33 A at 300 V
This value should be zero, as there should be no
voltage applied to voltage outputs. Voltage
amplifiers are separated from the output sockets
by relays. Before the very first generation
Reverse supply command, including zero, the test set measures
the reverse supply; if it is more than 25 V, it alerts
the operator, and the test is aborted. In this
situation, here you can read what is the reverse
supply amplitude, and correct the problem
Table 10 - Measurements displayed for each voltage amplifier
A very important feature is that it is possible to generate output currents
and voltages while the “Amplifier Diagnostic Report” page is open. To this
purpose, proceed as follows:
• Go to the “Manual Control” Home page, and select “Prefault”. The
following image exhibits the “Manual Mode” page:
Software 6.1
Communication 6.2
Hardware
6.3
Configuration
Amplifiers 6.4
Description Display
LOCAL CONTROL:
APPLICATION GUIDE
√
• Three phase voltages set at:
is multiplied by the relay by the constant √3/2, in order to get the 3 phase
As the total power is three times the phase power Vφ*I, the measured value
power.
With the following data:
• IN=5 A
• VN=110 V
the nominal power of the relay is the following:
WT=√3*110*5=951 W
In the test procedure, keep the voltage equal to VN, then modify the current.
If P% is the threshold setting, the corresponding threshold current is the
following:
Ith=IN*P% √3/2
The following image exhibits the connection between the DRTS XX and the
relay:
Point No. 1 is the one tested at 5% accuracy. See another way to test it,
using the Ramp test.
Select “Ramp” in the “Setup” page.
Press “Set values”.
The following image exhibits the “Values” page:
The value for the gradient can be, roughly, 1/5 of the current setting per
second. Program the nominal relay trip time, else the result is affected by
an error (see the Ramp description for details, Chapter 5, Paragraph 2.4.3).
The following image exhibits the “Test” page, referred to the two phase
connections:
Consider the point No. 3. It is apparent that reducing the angle down to 90°
makes the search curve rather tangent to the nominal curve. For a more
accurate measurement, it is better to fix the test power (current) to a value
of intervention; starting from 90° (270°), it is possible to increase (decrease)
the angle until the relay trips.
The following image exhibits the “Values” page for the test of point No. 3
(angles of I1 and I2 are increased, at the pace of 5°/s):
Start the test at a current of 0.7A, and at angles of 90° and 90°+240°=330°:
values at trip are the desired thresholds. With other currents, it is possible
to find other points on the curve.
Now there is a set of results in terms of voltage, current and angles. It is
possible to compute the points of the characteristic curve applying the
!
∙ ∙ cos"#$%&
,
following formulas:
(
∙ ∙ sin"#$%&
,
Here the software can help showing the test results in the (P, Q) plane. At
the end of the test, save the result into the USB key; then, open the TDMS
software, and start the Manual program.
Select “Import from DRTS66” and open the results acquired.
The following image exhibits the TDMS page with results:
1. Select “Tests Table”
2. Click the arrows and the table goes to full screen
In the table are displayed many parameters that are not of interest. To select
parameters of interest, right click with the mouse on the table.
The following image exhibits the drop-down menu, which opens with the
right click:
The page displays to the right the parameters on the result table, and to the
left all other parameters.
Press the double arrows “<<”: all parameters go to the left; no parameter
on the table. Decide which are the parameters of interest, and move them
from the left to the right column by pressing the single arrow “>”.
The following image exhibits the desired table:
The page allows computing any value from the variables of interest: more
details in the Manual Software Instruction Manual.
After that, compute the percentage of the total active and reactive power;
the following table lists the necessary formulas:
Type of
Description Formula
Formula
Compute the total active
-
power generated during
2 ∙
1 ∙ 1 ∙ cos+ϕ1 ϕ
1, ∙
tests: add power Total active power
180
Formula 1
generated by outputs
V1, I1 to the power
generated by V2, I2
Compute the total
reactive power
-
2 ∙
1 ∙ 1 ∙ sin+ϕ1 ϕ
1,∙
generated during tests: Total reactive power
180
Formula 2 add power generated by
outputs V1, I1 to the
power generated by V2,
I2
100 ∙ 2 ∙
1 ∙ 1 ∙ cos+ϕ1 ϕ
1, ∙
-
Diagram the percentage Active power
180
of the total active power
951
Formula 3
with respect to the
nominal power of 951 W
100 ∙ 2 ∙
1 ∙ 1 ∙ cos+ϕ1 ϕ
1, ∙
-
Compute the error of Active power % error
180
6
the above percentage
951
Formula 4
with respect to the
nominal 6 %
Table 1 – Formulas
The following image exhibits the “Formulas” page with the fitting up of the
previous formulas:
The power generated when the relay has tripped is equal to -6 % of the
nominal power; errors are a fraction of the percentage.
For curve in the (P, Q) coordinates, go to the TDMS page and select the
“Graph Settings” part.
The following image exhibits the “Graph Settings” selection:
The area above the straight is considered normal operation; the area below
the straight makes the relay to intervene.
Consider the characteristic curve in the (R, X) plane. Characteristic curves
and relay settings can be different, according to the type of protection.
The following image exhibits the basic characteristic curve (the parameters
are referred to the relay phase connections):
2 /0 ∙ (1 ∙ tan 5
trips is equal to
2 /0 ∙ (1 ∙ tan 5
trip is equal to
/0 ∙ (1 0.53 ∙ 5 ∙ 153.2
6
√3
2 /0 ∙ (1 ∙ 5.67 868
The following table lists the first two test points for each test:
100
Test Q V I ΦI1
153.2
5% 160.86
"6 57.8
√3
Test 1 2.78 A 270°
The following table lists the last two test points for each test:
Test P V I ΦI1
Test 3 868
5% 911.4 57.8 V 15.7 A 0°
The following image exhibits the “Manual Mode/Test”Shot” page for the
Test 1:
Now perform the tests at angles of 15° starting from 270° to 360°. Call φ the
test angle, and set the formulas to compute the nominal values for the
following:
• Px
• Qx
• VAx
• Ix
To find the coordinates of the intersection point between the nominal
characteristic straight and the test straight (for instance, the point 1 of the
curve), we have to intersect the two straights.
!
The characteristic straight has the following equation:
( /0 ∙ (1
tan 5
( ! ∙ tan ϕ
The test straight has the following equation:
!
So, the intersection coordinates are computed from the following equation:
/0 ∙ (1
! ∙ tan ϕ
tan 5
(1
The system equations is the following:
!9 /0 ∙
8 1
tan ϕ
tan 5
(9 !9 ∙ tan ϕ
Besides, for the test execution, it is possible to compute the nominal current
threshold Ix and the trip delay Tx.
The system equations is the following:
=
9 >!9
(9
? ?
;
9
9
< 57.8
; 9 @
9
: 0.5
We transfer formulas to an Excel file to have it all computed.
The following tables are in the Excel file:
Test results are collected in the test results table. As with the reverse power
relay, transfer the test result to the Manual test software, and compute the
-
variables of interest with the following formulas:
N φ φ
φN
M ⇒Q ⇒ φ φN
90°
φ
0
φN φ
φ 90°
The following table lists the tests performed:
Test Z V I [A] φI Trip
Test 1 1.8 18 10 90 No
Test 2 2.2 22 10 90 Yes
Test 3 180 63.5 0.353 90 Yes
Test 4 220 63.5 0.353 90 No
Table 8 - Tests performed
B B ∙ T 10 ∙ 2 20
B
B? ?ST 63.5S200 0.32
nominal current threshold is the following:
?
A ramp of 0.1 A/s is adequate.
The following image exhibits the “Manual Mode/Values” page for the point
X1 and the corresponding test result in the “Manual Mode/Test” page:
@ ?
U
NB V
W X 141.4 VFR
?
2
B 63.5
63.5
B 0.45
141.4
@
B&GB YB ∙ sin /
2
@S
In the example, sinβ is the following:
2 99 0.70
NB 141
/ 44.5°
5 45.5° 134.5° Z6HR 180°
The rate of change of 10 °/s is adequate.
The following image exhibits the “Manual Mode/Values” (10 °/s) page for
the point 1 (for point 2 it is -10 °/s: to input the minus, key in 10 first; then,
F5 (shift) and left arrow):
To diagram test results in the (R, X) plane, import test results in the Manual
1 -
test program, and compute the following formulas:
L ∙ cos Jφ1 φ
1 ∙ K
1 180
1 -
T ∙ sin Jφ1 φ
1 ∙ K
1 180
The followings image exhibits the test result table having tested X1, X2,
point 1, point 2:
The following image exhibits the (R, X) graph having tested X1, X2, point 1,
point 2:
T
the sine of the angle as follows:
N
sin [
• KE given as RE/RL, XE/XL. RE/RL = 1, XE/XL = 1
• VN = 57.7. V; IN = 1 A; Frequency = 50 Hz
• Test current = 2 A
• Zone limits tolerance: 2%
• Time settings (NOTE: omit zone 3 as the reverse one,
and rename zone 4 = 3, zone 5 = 4):
Zone 1 2 3 4 Out
Time (s) 0.04 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 (Tmax)
• Zone settings: for phase to ground and phase to
phase faults, the following table list the parameters:
Angle/Zone 1 2 3 4
0° 1.5 2 4 6
80° 1.52 2.04 4.06 6.08
90° 1.5 2 4 6
Test No. 1 2 3 4 5
Z (Ohm) 1 1.7 3 5 7
• The first test is over: move to test no. 2. It is possible to save these
results; then, delete them.
3.4 Step 3: Check KE
The second check to be performed is verifying that the earth coefficient is
correct. To this purpose, perform the tests as follows:
• Go to Test and select the test Auto Z-t. The following image exhibits
the “Distance ANSI 21/Test/Auto Z-t” page:
• Next, select the zones t to test; in this instance, they are four. Input
the corresponding settings
• Now, important, select the zone tolerance: the border test is
performed generating faults corresponding to the nominal zone
limits plus and minus the tolerance. In this instance, the tolerance
is 2%
• The first test will be performed at 80°, and it will be phase 1 to
ground: press the “+” icon, and eight tests are added to the list
• Now, with the same parameters and angle, select L2 and confirm;
then, L3 and confirm
• Next, as relay settings are the same for phase to phase faults, still
at 80°, select also faults L12, L23, L31, L123
Now the test relay settings at 80° are completed. This accomplished, change
the angle to 90°, program the corresponding settings, and select all types of
faults. Repeat the same for 0°.
3.6 Step 5: Final considerations
As it is possible to see, as many as 168 tests have been programmed. It takes
some time, and this is why it is better to perform the preliminary tests as
follows:
• Press the “Start” button: the test is executed in less than five
minutes
• As tests are finished, go to the test result Graph and select fault L1.
The following image exhibits the “Distance ANSI 21/Graph” page:
There are two tests around each zone limit: one with the delay of the zone
at left; the other one with the delay of the zone at right. For the last zone,
at right it is possible to see a black dot, corresponding to no trip. It is possible
to see that:
• Delays match with the nominal ones
• The delay changes according to the selected zone limits
Select the other faults, and verify that the result is the same; next, change
the angle, and repeat the control until all results have been checked.
It is also possible to enter the Results table, scroll all test results and watch
the results judgment: the green check means that the test result is
correct; that is, the trip time matches the expected zone. The white cross on
a red spot marks the no trip or a wrong trip delay; in this instance, it is
possible to perform the Z-t test on that result, to verify if it was a random
relay response.
CAUTION: The delay does not depend upon the faulty phase
4.1 Overcurrent relay connection
The connection of the overcurrent relay to the test set involves the following
minimum set of connections:
• Three current outputs: they are I1, I2, I3 and IN. Having six current
inputs, connect among them the three zero references, and
connect them to IN
• One trip contact. The connection follows the type of contact: if it is
voltage free, connect one end of the contact to the C socket, and
the other one to the C1 socket. If it is with voltage, connect C to the
zero voltage reference, and C1 to the polarized contact
The following image exhibits the connection between the DRTS XX and the
relay:
• Open the nominal parameters page, and input the first relay
settings:
• the nominal current, I nom (A)
• the maximum current, I max (A)
• the DC supply, V DC (V)
• the tolerances, max %
The following image exhibits the “Overcurrent ANSI 50-51/Setup”
page:
For the other parameters, usually default values are OK. For the
maximum current, program a value greater than the greater relay
threshold. In this instance, as the maximum setting is 10 A, program
15 A
• Having single phase opening commands, and desiring to check that
they match the fault, go to Binary inputs and select the Trip mode
accordingly. Having only one trip contact, select Trip mode, and
then press OK.
The following image exhibits the “Overcurrent ANSI 50-51/Binary
Inputs” page:
• Now, press “Nominal Char” in the “Setup” page: the relay settings
input have to be completed. Move to the setting table and press
enter. Remove the default definition pressing the SHIFT and DEL
buttons: the page is blank, as follow:
Figure 52 - “Overcurrent ANSI 50-51/Setup/Nominal Char” page
• Now input the relay settings, as follows:
• Press the “Add 50-51 element” button: the following
image exhibits the related page:
• Input I/IN = 1
• Select “IEC Class B (Very Inverse)
• Input the corresponding parameters: I/IN = 1; TD = 1 s
• Press OK: the element has been added. The program
comes back to the setting page
• Press again “Add 50-51 element” and select definite time.
The following image exhibits the related page:
• For each current, program it and then press the”+” icon: the line is
added to the test list
• Program the above values for faults L1, and then for faults L2 and
L3
• Press the button “Start”: as the test is finished, select the “Graph”
page. The following image exhibits the “Overcurrent ANSI 50-
51/Graph” page:
Legend
Connection of
Connection of Connection to
auxiliary TTL
low level signals boosters
outputs
Table 2 - Legend
The following image exhibits the front view of the external amplifier
connector:
The Earth Factor is normally defined as the following:
3
Where
ZN = Neutral impedance
ZL = Line impedance
Z0 = Impedance of zero sequence
Sometimes the earth factor is defined in a different way.
A. General Electric
For GE relays like DLP, TLS1b, ALPS, D60, etc. the zero sequence factor
is given instead of KE. Since having to enter KE, in order to get it from K0,
3
it is necessary to apply the following:
1
3
1
Therefore, the Earth Factor is the following:
3
The difference is evidenced by the normal values:
• KE is a value normally between 0.5 and 1.6
• KO is a value between 3 and 5
ZE=8 Ohm
ZL=12 Ohm
=> KE=8/12=0.667
=> K0=(3*8+12)/12=3
And (K0-1)/3=(3-1)/3=0.667
B. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories
The Earth Factor is defined as follows:
3
On SEL321, this is called KO1M and KOM, respectively for zone 1 and for
zones 2, 3 and 4. Just pay attention that this is not the same zero sequence
factor as per GE relays and it is not possible to change the value for ISA
program.
C. Mitsubishi relays
For MDT-H relay, they call it KN, but it is the same of K0 of GE. At the end, the
1
Earth Factor is the following:
3
For MDT-F relay two parameters, KRN and KXN are defined. The meaning of
1
these parameters is the following:
→
3
1
→
3
Therefore, it is necessary to treat them as the Siemens relays 7SA511 or 513,
but use the recalculated values as per the GE relays.
D. ABB relays
For most of the relays (RAZOA, RAZFE, LZ92, LZ96, REL316, etc.) there is not
any specific problem. For REL511 the user must provide R1and R0, X1 and
X0, and then calculate the KE for each individual zone as follows:
1
3
tan
tan
APPENDIX V: ARC RESISTANCE
" # " ∙ 1 #
To calculate V and I, it is necessary to get the Ground Fault:
!
&
and XF:
"
sin &
" " ∙ cos &
" " ∙ sin &
Once RD and XD are calculated, the arc resistance is easily calculated as
follows:
RA=RF-RD
+ ," ∙ 1 # - ∙ .
Then:
APPENDIX VI: FAULT CALCULATION
Some explanation about the calculation performed by the program.
+ ∙ ./01/ ∙ 1
In case of phase 1 to ground fault, the computation formula is the following:
+ ∙ .2345/ ∙ 2
In case of phase 1 to phase 2 fault, the computation formula is the following:
C D J
=> ?@ ∙ B G I
B . F I
A7.E ;
1 H
Constants of the formula change according to the type of curve.
The following table lists the constants:
Standard a b c
IEC Class A Standard Inverse 0.14 0.02 0
IEC Class B Very Inverse 13.5 1 0
IEC Class C Extremely Inverse 80 2 0
IEC Long Time Inverse 120 1 0
IEC Short Time Inverse 0.05 0.04 0
D L M
=> ?@ ∙ KD NO
.
7
G; 7 .
G; 7
.
G;
.E .E .E
Constants of the formula change according to the type of curve.
The following table lists the constants:
Standard a b c d e
IAC Inverse 0.207 0.863 0.8 -0.418 0.194
IAC Short Time Inverse 0.042 0.060 0.62 -0.001 0.022
IAC Long Time Inverse 80 0 2 2 2
IAC Very Inverse 0.09 0.795 0.1 -1.285 7.958
IEC Extremely Inverse 0.004 0.637 0.62 1.787 0.246
C. US Standards
The different curves correspond to the following formula:
Q
=> ?@ ∙ KP O
. R
7 ;
1
.E
Constants of the formula change according to the type of curve.
The following table lists the constants:
Standard A B C
US Moderately Inverse 0.022 0.0104 0.02
US Inverse 0.18 5.95 2
US Very Inverse 0.096 3.88 2
US Extremely Inverse 0.035 5.67 2
Table 8 - US Standards: constants
Q 14?@
5
=> ?@ ∙ KP O∙
. R 9
7 ;
1
.E
Constants of the formula change according to the type of curve.
The following table lists the constants:
Standard A B C
Extremely Inverse 0.0250 6.407 2
Very Inverse 0.0712 2.855 2
Inverse 0.0185 0.0086 0.02
Moderately Inverse 0.0037 0.00172 0.02
Q
=> ?@ ∙ KP O
. R
7 ;
1
.E
Constants of the formula change according to the type of curve.
The following table lists the constants:
Standard B C A
Inverse 8.9341 2.0938 0.17966
Short Inverse 0.2663 1.2969 0.03393
Long Inverse 5.6143 1 2.18592
Moderately Inverse 0.0103 0.02 0.0228
Very Inverse 3.922 2 0.0982
Extremely Inverse 5.64 2 0.02434
Definite Inverse 0.4797 1.5625 0.21359
Table 10 - ANSI/IEEE Standards: constants
APPENDIX VIII: INTERNET ADDRESSES DEFINITION
DEFINITION
IP ADDRESS
Each device (computer, printer, etc.), connected to a network has its own
equivalent of a phone number.
For the TCP/IP protocol, this unique address code is made by four numbers
each one between 0 and 255.
The IP address can be public or private. The Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA), a once-autonomous organization, now works within the
purview of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN). IANA is responsible for overseeing global allocation of public IP
numbers.
Within the range of publicly available IP addresses are specific, excluded
ranges withheld for private network use. These private IP ranges are as
follows:
• CLASS A: 10.0.0.0 … 10.255.255.255
• CLASS B: 172.16.0.0 … 172.31.255.255
• CLASS C: 192.168.0.0 … 192.168.255.255
Names, such as "www.isatest.com" actually map to a public IP address, such
as "88.149.156.10".
Computers within a private network are each assigned a unique private
address in order to exchange files and share resources with one another.
The network router or switch, which routes information, will pass data back
and forth among the connected computers, using the respective addresses.
The IP address (both private than public) must be unique to each device is
the same network and can either be configured dynamically (from a network
server) (Enabled DHCP) or statically (by an administrator) (Disable DHCP).
GATEWAY ADDRESS
This is the unique IP address of the network node (normally a router) that
interface the device to another network (normally the Internet). In most
cases the router is dial-up with your Internet Service Provider, that assigns
it a dynamic public IP address and allows all devices in the same network to
navigate to the Internet.
SUBNET MASK
The subnet mask is the way of telling to a device connected to a network
what network addresses can be consider local and what network are
remote. The process of sub-netting is the division of a computer network
into groups of computers that have a common, designated IP address
routing prefix
IP addresses can be broken down into what are called "classes". Classes are
kind of like area codes.
Within each block, though it is still desirable to "subdivide" that network
into smaller logical groups. For example a class-A network can have 16
million addresses.
Each network administrator who has been assigned a range of IP addresses
is free to create their own subnets and to define how large they are. The
subnet mask defines how big a part of the internet address is to be used as
the subnet number.
To understand how the subnet mask works, the IP address must be
considered in binary. For example, the subnet mask [255.255.128.0] in
binary is the following:
[11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000]
The mask's binary digits are set to 1 to indicate the positions of an internet
address that define the network prefix (that is the contiguous group of high-
order bits that are common among all hosts within a network). Conversely,
it is set to zero for that portion of the address that defines the specific device
on that subnet (Host identifier).
All hosts within the same subnet can be reached in one routing hop, implying
that all hosts in a subnet are connected to the same link.
APPENDIX IX: ISA INSTRUMENT RETURN FORM
FORM
Date
Agent
Country
Type of instrument
Serial No.
Instrument returned for:
Calibration ☐ Repair ☐
In case of repair, please specify the following:
Date of fault
Reported by e-Mail,
phone
Company
User’s reference
Fault description
How did it occur
Local analysis or
attempts to repair
Recommendations
and Notes
APPENDIX X: CALIBRATION
The calibration procedure consist in the verification of generation and
measurement sections of the test set, by comparison with external
reference instruments, which are verified on periodical basis by external
accredited labs.
For generation a value is set on the test set and measured both internally
and externally with a reference meter.
Using a dedicated calibration SW, some coefficient can be adjusted by the
operator in a way to align the generated value and the measured ones to
the unit specifications.
It is an iterative process, which is repeated for every input and output.
Each function has different ranges to verify and for every range, there are
several points of calibration, which ensures the linearity of the whole range.
Similarly for the measurement sections, a known signal in generated from a
reference instrument and the coefficient are adjusted in a way to align
generated and measured values to the unit specifications.
Calibration is performed in lab environment under controlled conditions and
reference loads.
Duration and stability of the calibration may vary with temperature,
environment, and usage conditions.
The calibration certificate ensures that test set performances are as
described in the technical specifications.
The ISA Calibration Certificate is valid for 1 year from the issued date. After
this period, the unit must be verified in term of accuracy and repeatability,
with an appropriate validation process, at ISA factory or at ISA accredited
Service Center.
ISA guarantees that calibration tests are performed in following conditions:
• Ambient temperature: +15 °C/+25 °C
• Relative humidity: 25%÷70%
• Turn on time of instrument before calibrations:
o >1h Frequency of measurements: 45 Hz to 65 Hz
o Set Value: between 30% and 75% of range of setting
(excluding auto-ranging mode)
o Load applied: according with the technical specifications
for guaranteed values
Customers can verify the calibration values, using “appropriate Sample
References” and in the above conditions.
Customers must be aware of consequential damages of the unit as follows:
• Suspicion/indication of mishandling and bad storage
• Suspicion/indication of overload (currents or voltages)
• Thermal shock: rapid change in temperature conditions (i.e. -25 °C
/+40 °C)
• Humidity shock: rapid change in humidity conditions (i.e.
40%÷85%)
• Electrical shock: electric fault in substation or external event
• Suspicion/indication of reverse-supply on voltage and/or current
outputs
• Heavy duty cycles (exceeding what indicated in the test set
specifications)
• Misuse of the device, without following the user manual
instructions or proper training
If one or more of the above circumstances happened, the ISA calibration
period automatically expires and ISA recommends to immediately
recalibrating the unit.
APPENDIX XI: IEC61850 CERTIFICATES
The following image exhibits the IEC61850-8 certificate:
I.S.A. S.r.l.
via Prati Bassi 22, 21020 Taino (Va) – ITALY
Phone +39 0331956081
Fax +39 0331957091
Email isa@isatest.com
REGIONAL OFFICES
ISA ADVANCE INSTRUMENTS (I) Pvt. Ltd.
C-33, Ground Floor, Sector-2, NOIDA-201
301, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
Phone +91120 4543853 / 54 / 4222712
Fax +91120 4574772
Email info.asia@isatest.com
ISA GCC
Office no 713, Business Avenue Building Port Saeed Road , Dubai - United Arab
Emirates
Phone : +971 4 2956664 +971 565044668
Fax : +971 42956099
Email: imteyaz.siddiqui.GCC@isatest.com
Manual edited by bb Technical Writer & Consulting
Via dei Frassini 32, 21020 Bodio Lomnago (VA), Italy - +39 340 7334857
www.bb-technicalwriter.com – b.bellagente@bb-technicalwriter.com