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Created in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.

Structural Analysis of Interference Fit

This Application is licensed under the COMSOL Application License 5.3.


All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. See www.comsol.com/trademarks.
About the Interference Fit Application
The purpose of this application is to study the connection in an interference fit where one
pipe is shrunk over another pipe. Since the inner pipe is larger than the available space
given by the outer pipe, the inner pipe is compressed while the outer pipe expands. The
resulting contact pressure will thus depend on the initial geometry of both parts. The
transferable torque and force depends on the friction force between the two parts, which
is proportional to the contact pressure.

The graphical user interface of the app is shown in Figure 1.


Create Access
report documentation

Reset
input
Run
study
Enter model
input

Visualize input
geometry

Evaluate
results

Figure 1: The application’s graphical user interface.

In the Input section, you can modify the pipe geometries, the size of the overlap region,
and the friction coefficient. The geometry is automatically updated once you change the
input parameters.

When you click Solve, necessary checks verifying that all inputs are correctly specified are
first performed, and then the contact pressure, transferable torque, and force are
computed. In the case of an inconsistency in the input data, no analysis is performed.
Instead, an error message explaining the type of inconsistency is displayed.

2 | STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF INTERFERENCE FIT


You can always return to the initial geometry by clicking Reset to Default. Once a solution
is computed, click the Create Report button to display a report containing the geometry
information together with important results. The Open Documentation button opens this
documentation file, where you can find more information about the model background.

In the result tabs, you can display the effective stress in the assembly, the contact pressure
at the interface between the two pipes, and the deformation of the two pipes at the
interference diameter.

The Embedded Model


The model consists of two pipes; see Figure 2. The inner pipe is defined by its inner radius,
ra, and its outer radius, rb, while the outer pipe is defined by its outer radius, rd, and the
interference fit, i. The overlap region between the two pipes is defined by the length l. As
input data, you specify the diameters, which internally are converted into radii.

Figure 2: Geometry of the assembly.

The modeled pipe length outside the overlap region is based on an approximative formula
giving the disturbance length caused by the interference. This parameter is based on the
average radius of each pipe, r, and the thickness of the pipe, a, and is given by

l a = 5 ra (1)

3 | STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF INTERFERENCE FIT


In the model, the short edges cutting the pipe far from the contact region are constrained
in the axial direction. The interference fit is simulated using Contact surface offset in the
Contact node in the Solid Mechanics interface.

RESULTS
The effective stress, contact pressure, and surface displacement of the connecting side are
available in the plots. In addition, the maximum transferable torque, Mmax, and the
maximum transferable axial load, Fmax, are computed. They are evaluated using the
following expressions


2
M max = 2πr μ P dz
0

F max = 2πrμ P dz


0

where μ is the friction coefficient, P is the contact pressure, r is the radius, and z is an axial
coordinate along the contact region.

Application Library path: Structural_Mechanics_Module/Applications/


interference_fit

4 | STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF INTERFERENCE FIT

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