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7 One world
• Inversion • The environment • Expressing doubt
• Reporting questions, • Holidays • Waste / rubbish
intentions & advice • Rhetorical expressions • Letter to the editor

Something in the air

c d

Reading
a b
1 Work in pairs. Read the following opinions and
Vocabulary & Speaking discuss whether or not you agree with them.
1 Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos and link them to the atmosphere do not cause climate change.
expressions in the box. Then answer the questions. 2 Reducing carbon emissions may have a
the greenhouse effect carbon emissions negative effect on developing countries.
climate change global warming 3 Global warming is not caused by the
water shortages loss of biodiversity greenhouse effect.
4 Nature is responsible for a lot more carbon
1 What environmental problem does each picture emissions than human activity.
represent? 5 High levels of industrial activity do not cause
2 To what extent is your country affected by each atmospheric temperatures to rise.
problem?
3 Which of these problems are you most 2 Read an article from a scientific website. Which of
concerned about? Why? the opinions above are mentioned?

http://www.globaldebate.com

No one disagrees that the Earth’s climate is changing, and always has been, The sceptics argue further that carbon dioxide is produced
nor that it is getting warmer at the moment. But while some believe that naturally – in quantities which are far higher than those resulting
human activity is responsible for global warming, others take the view that it from human activity – via volcanic eruptions, decaying vegetation
is a natural phenomenon. and bacteria. Some even go so far as to accuse humanity of
arrogance in believing itself to be more destructively powerful than
The main claim of environmental sceptics is that carbon dioxide released as a
nature. They point out that climate data shows that in the last
result of human activity is not responsible for global warming, and that higher
10,000 years, the warmest periods occurred long before humans
levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are not the cause of climate change.
began to produce carbon dioxide on an industrial scale. And when
Others worry that focusing on the need to reduce carbon emissions may
industrial carbon dioxide emissions increased sharply in the post-
prevent development in ‘Third World’ countries, which in turn will hinder efforts
war industrial boom, atmospheric temperatures actually fell.
to overcome poverty and disease. One Kenyan development expert says, ‘I don’t
see how a solar panel is going to power a steel industry or a railway network. Global warming clearly requires some kind of explanation, though,
We are being told “don’t touch your oil, don’t touch your coal”. That is suicide’. and if human activity is not held responsible then one possibility is
that it is the result of solar activity. At different points in the Earth’s
The generally accepted model of the greenhouse effect suggests that the
history, solar activity has led to reductions in cloud formation.
sun’s rays generate heat, which is trapped by ‘greenhouse gases’ in the
Since clouds protect the Earth from the sun’s rays, the result has
atmosphere making the Earth warm enough for life to flourish. According to
been higher atmospheric temperatures. Whether this in itself fully
this theory, if human activity leads to higher concentrations of greenhouse
explains global warming is debateable, but it does suggest that
gases, then the atmosphere will heat up more quickly than the planet’s
humanity’s guilt has yet to be proved beyond all reasonable doubt.
surface, causing global warming. However, scientific data collected from
satellites does not support this theory.

62 Try the internet activities for this unit at www.webframework.net

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One world 7

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 In what way has global warming divided opinion?
2 How could pressure to reduce carbon emissions
affect developing countries?
3 Why is the greenhouse effect essential for life
on Earth?
4 What evidence is there against the theory that
an increase in greenhouse gases is causing
global warming?
5 What does climate data for the last 10,000 years
suggest about global warming?
6 What do some scientists believe is the
explanation for global warming?
4 Work in pairs. Which of the words in the box would
you use to describe the following. Give reasons for
your answers.
disbelieving angry despairing astonished
suspicious sceptical neutral open-minded
1 the author’s attitude to environmental sceptics
2 the attitude of the Kenyan development expert
3 your own reaction to the text
3 Are these statements true (T) or false (F) according
to the reviewer? If false, explain why.
1 The film is a little hysterical at times.
2 The information in the film is very convincing.
3 Al Gore is a scientific expert on climate change.
4 The film spends too long talking about Gore’s
involvement in the project.
5 The message of the film is not entirely pessimistic.
6 It is not clear if the film will have a long-term
effect on environmental policies.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.
1 What criticism do you think the film has
received from Gore’s ‘political enemies’?
2 In what way do you think ‘state-of-the-art
graphics’ help Gore to present his argument?
3 What aspects of climate change do the
photographs and animations in the film show?
4 What aspects of the film might make it more
successful than similar ones on the same subject?

Listening & Speaking

1 Work in pairs. Look at the film poster and discuss the
questions.
1 What ‘truth’ do you think the title refers to? In
what way might it be ‘inconvenient’?
2 Why do you think the film is so ‘terrifying’?

2 7.1 Listen to a radio review of An Inconvenient Truth.

Is the review generally positive or negative?

TAKEAWAY ENGLISH: Expressing doubt

1 Use these words to form four phrases which the film reviewer uses to express doubt.
1 if / surprised / be / I’d …many people watching it more than once.
2 whether / I / but / doubt …anyone finds it easy to ignore the evidence.
3 not / chance / much / there’s / of …anyone who has seen it remaining unaffected by its message.
4 I / see / really / can’t …he’s ready to put his feet up just yet.

2 7.2 Listen to four conversations in which people express doubt. What is the topic of each conversation?
. a business deal the weather an accident a relationship

3 Listen again. Which phrase from part 1 is used in each conversation? What doubts do the people express?

4 Write four sentences expressing your doubts about the following topics.
1 life on other planets
2 world peace
3 the existence of the Loch Ness Monster
4 the weather next weekend

5 Work in pairs. Read your sentences to each other. Do you share the same doubts?

Ways to save the Earth: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM Unit 7: One world 63
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a b

Majorca
Voluntourism from

Vocabulary & Speaking

t300!
Holidays
1 Look at the photos of people on holiday and match e
them to the types of holiday in the box.
camping holiday cruise inter-rail holiday
sightseeing holiday package tour
skiing holiday family holiday
sightseeing holiday – b
2 Discuss the questions in pairs.
1 Which of these types of holiday have you been on?
2 Which ones would you like to try? Why?
3 Which would you prefer to avoid? Why?

Reading
1 Work in pairs. You are going to read some advice for
people considering a type of holiday called
‘voluntourism’. Before reading, discuss these questions.
1 What sort of places do people go to on a
voluntourism holiday?
2 What kinds of activities does voluntourism involve?
3 What preparation would you need to do before
going on this type of holiday?
2 Read the webpage and check your answers.
3 Without looking back at the text, write down...
1 three things to do before choosing a
voluntourism holiday.
2 three questions to ask once you’ve chosen a project.
4 Work in pairs. Compare your lists. Then read the text
again and check.

www.volunteerholidays.com

Forget package tours or luxury cruises. No more sightseeing
trips to the local castle or hours spent wandering round
souvenir shops. These are holidays of the past. Or at least
they might be, if the latest trend to hit the travel industry
takes off. Combining a holiday abroad with volunteering on
local projects is one way for travellers and holiday-makers
alike to immerse themselves in local cultures and really make
a difference. Many returning travellers say it’s a life-changing
experience. But is volunteer travel – or voluntourism – for
you? Here are our tips to help you decide.
1 Look for something you feel passionate about. There are
numerous ways to help the environment, from helping to
protect endangered animals to providing much-needed
assistance to victims of natural disasters.
2 Be honest with yourself about the kind of person you are.
Living and working in unfamiliar cultures, with people whose
views may differ greatly from yours, can be alienating and
stressful, even for the most open-minded of people.
3 Remember that this is your holiday and there will be times
when you want to be a tourist, not a volunteer. It’s a good
idea to choose a company which includes both
volunteering and sightseeing.
4 When you’ve identified some interesting projects, it is
advisable to find out exactly what your volunteering
duties might involve in each case. You may not be suited
to construction work, for example, or you may lack the
confidence to teach a class of schoolchildren. Make sure
you take your skills and physical fitness into account.
5 Contact the organiser of the trip you choose and ask
for more information about the region and the project. It
may be in a large city with modern comforts available,
or it may be in an isolated village with no plumbing
facilities.
6 It is strongly recommended that you check what the cost
of the trip covers. It may just pay for you to participate in
the project, but not for your accommodation or food.
You may also have to pay extra for the assistance of
local staff in the country you are going to.
7 The company should provide you with information
about what vaccinations you need, but if not, make
sure you ask directly. The best companies will also
provide an information pack about the project and the
country you are going to. Find out what guidance is
available during and after the trip, too.

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c d One world 7

3 Work in pairs.
Student A: Turn to page 119.
Student B: Turn to page 125.

4 Listen to four people giving their opinions about

7.4

these holidays and complete the table.

g
f Preferred place Reasons
Lorna done a bit of
diving already
Dave
Shona Tanzania
Majeed

You
Your partner

5 What reasons do Lorna and Majeed give for not

choosing the other two holidays?

6 Which of the holidays would you most like to go on?

Complete the corresponding row of the table.
Listening & Speaking
7 Work in pairs. Ask your partner about his / her
1 7.3 Listen to a description of one of the voluntourism preferences and complete the final row of the table.
holidays below. Which one is being described?

“
Country: The Real Thing: Rhetorical expressions
Type of project: community work 1 Listen to these sentences from Transcript 7.4
7.5

Main responsibilities: and complete the gaps.

1 So that’s the one I’d go for, although
Free-time activities: I think I’ll be going to the Costa del
Benefits to the volunteer: Sol again, as usual.
2 , though, helping the children of
poor families in Africa is such a worthwhile
thing to do.
3 But it all sounds a little too much
Country:
like hard work to me.
Type of project: 4 I’ve always had a thing about elephants,
.
Main responsibilities:
t locals, 2 What is the function of each of these four
Free-time activities: walk into town to mee expressions? Do you have similar expressions in
Benefits to the volunteer: your language?

3 7.6 Listen to two dialogues. Which other

expressions did you hear? Why did the speakers

Country: use each of these expressions?

Type of project: 4 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions using the

expressions from parts 1 and 3.
Main responsibilities:
1 Do you think voluntourism is an effective
Free-time activities: way to raise awareness of environmental

”
issues? Why? / Why not?
Benefits to the volunteer: helping to conserve… 2 What kinds of people would be most suited
to a voluntourism holiday?
3 Would you like to go on a holiday like this?
2 Listen again and complete the corresponding Why? / Why not?
information card.

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Waste not, want not 3 Listen again. Are these statements true (T) or false
(F)? Correct the false sentences.
1 Owen now separates his rubbish into four
different categories. T
Speaking & Listening 2 He thinks recycling should be easier for him
1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions and tick () than for the family next door.
the answers that apply to you. Compare with your 3 Leonard is dubious about the council’s motives
partner. for raising environmental issues.
4 He believes that the council’s campaign will be
a long-term one.
C i t y C o u n c i l S u r vey
5 Maggie does not mind walking for ten minutes
to the recycling containers.

Recycling 6 She feels that a realistic proposition would be

for the council to collect the rubbish separately
from each person’s house.
7 Robert was surprised to discover how much
1 H o w o f t e n d o y o u re c y c l e t h i n g s ? rubbish people throw away.
K Always. 8 He is sure that individuals can make a big
difference.
K Whenever something can be recycled.
K As often as possible, but it depends how Vocabulary
busy I am.
Waste / rubbish
K Occasionally, when I feel particularly guilty
about the environment. 1 Match these definitions to either waste or rubbish.
K Never. a) Things that you throw away because they are
no longer required.
b) Useless material or substances left after you use
2 W h y d o p e o p l e re c y c l e t h i n g s ?
something.
K Government advertising and publicity c) Something which is nonsense or of no value.
campaigns.
2 Which of the words below can be used with waste
K Availability of resources for recycling
(W), rubbish (R) or both (B)?
(e.g. containers for separating rubbish).
industrial W nuclear recycle
K Friends and neighbours. throw out collect dump hazardous
K The media. smelly absolute toxic total

K Their conscience.
3 Junk can also be used to modify nouns: you can say
junk food and junk mail. Can you think of any more?

4 What other words can be used in the same way as

rubbish?

5 Complete the sentences with one of the collocations

in Exercises 2 and 3. In some cases, more than one
answer may be correct.
1 I think that campaign is .
2 They haven’t come to today,
the streets really smell.
3 Some of the neighbours are so rude they just
wherever they like.
4 There’s never anything in my inbox, just
.
5 The only way to keep the planet green
2 7.7 Listen to four people explaining their views on is to .
recycling. Which of the factors in question 2 of the
recycling survey above are mentioned by Owen (O),
Leonard (L), Maggie (M) and Robert (R)?

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One world 7

Language focus
Inversion

How is this sentence different from the one

highlighted in the article about waste?
Zero waste not only helps the environment, but it
can also make money.
Inversion is a technique used to add emphasis to
Speaking & Reading an argument.

Complete the rule:

1 Work in pairs. Make a list of the different ways waste
can be dealt with. If you put Not only at the of a sentence,
You can bury it. You can dump it in the sea. you have to the subject and the auxiliary
verb. When there is no auxiliary verb, use the
2 Read the article and underline the different ways appropriate form of do.
of dealing with waste.
Look at the phrases in the box. What do they have
in common?
lthough waste disposal is a huge problem for
A many countries, there is hope on the horizon.
New rules mean that countries have to reduce landfills
No sooner … than…
Only if...
Not only ... but (also)...
Never / Rarely... Not even...

because of the threat they pose to public health, and, Find two more examples of these phrases in the
while incineration seems attractive, there are political article. Which auxiliary verb is used to make the
and financial problems with this option. Indeed, only inversion in each case?
if countries actually reduce the amount of waste they
generate in the first place will the problem of waste See Reference Guide, p.14.
disposal become manageable. Many are in fact already See Workbook, p. 45, exs.1–2.
turning to a system called ‘zero waste’, which it is
hoped will bring about the end of landfills and
dramatically reduce the need for incinerators.
Practice
The idea is that everything should be made from
materials that can be repaired, reused or recycled, 1 Complete these sentences with no sooner (than), not
with governments, councils and industry working only (but also), never or not even.
together to find ways either to turn waste into a No sooner do you arrive
1 you find
profitable resource or to design it out of the system
yourself in a world of peace and relaxation.
completely. Many cities around the world have
introduced a three-level waste collection system, 2 with a significant pay rise will our
separating organic waste, dry recyclables such as workers consider returning to work. The
bottles and plastics, and dangerous materials such as company must improve our working conditions.
batteries. No sooner do they introduce these systems 3 in my life have I experienced such
than they suddenly find that they are recycling more rudeness and appalling service in a restaurant.
than 50 per cent of their waste. 4 has inflation increased under the
present government, unemployment
Not only does zero waste help the environment, but
is rising.
it can also make money. Small businesses that recycle
waste can create jobs in areas of high unemployment. 2 Where might you find each of the sentences in
Twenty per cent of waste is difficult or expensive to
Exercise 1? Match them to the situations.
recycle, but zero waste proposes a system that simply
removes such materials from the system. a) a letter of complaint c) a holiday brochure
b) a political speech d) a union strike

3 Read the article again and make a list of the
advantages or disadvantages of these ways
of dealing with waste.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.
1 What do you think is the best way to deal with
waste?
2 Do you think a policy of zero waste would be
successful in your country? Why? / Why not?
3 Work in pairs. Choose one of the situations in
Exercise 2. Write three more sentences to go with
the situation.
No sooner had we sat down than the waiter moved us
to a different table.
Not only did the waiter put his thumb in my soup, but
he also…

Inversion after ‘not only’: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM Unit 7: One world 67
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a b

c
The best alternatives
d

Vocabulary & Speaking

Alternative energy
1 Look at the photos. What do they have in common? e

2 Match the photos to the alternative energy sources

in the box.
biomass wave power solar power
wind power geothermal power

3 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

1 What do you know about how these different
energy systems work?
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
each system?

Listening
1 7.8 Listen to experts talking about four of the alternative energy sources above. Complete the first column of the table.

Form of energy Advantages Disadvantages

Enough produced annually to meet…
1 Biomass
Costs much…

Considerable impact on… Large turbines are ugly and spoil the natural
2
Can be… beauty of the countryside…
Important for…
3
Great benefits for…

They are less…

4
Equipment needed is…

2 Listen again and complete the notes in the second column.

3 Listen one more time and make notes in the third column.

4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. Give reasons for your answers.
1 Which speaker do you think sounds least positive about his / her form of energy?
2 Which of these forms of energy do you think will be used most in the future?

68 Being green: Try the interactive activity for this topic on your CD-ROM
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One world 7

Language focus 2 Work in pairs. Take turns to recommend holiday

destinations, giving reasons.
Reporting questions, intentions & advice
3 Work with a new partner. Report your conversations
Match the extracts (1–4) from Transcript 7.8 to the and decide which destination sounds most attractive.
functions (a–d). Gabrielle encouraged me to go to Paris and suggested
1 We suggest that modern society move away I visit the Louvre.
from excessive dependence on fossil resources…
2 …we advise politicians to consider the long-
Writing
term benefits…
3 …many scientists are wondering if geothermal Letter to the editor
reservoirs will last long enough…
1 Work in pairs. Read the letter to a local newspaper
4 …many Western governments have promised
and discuss these questions.
to investigate its potential more thoroughly.
1 What reason does Richard Tallis give for writing
a) reporting a yes / no question
the letter?
b) reporting advice
2 What arguments does he use to support his
c) reporting a promise
opinion?
d) reporting a suggestion
3 Why do you think the newspaper editor decided
Complete each rule (1–4) with one of the to publish the letter?
structures (a–d) below.
Aberdeen
1 To report a yes / no question we can use
wonder + .
6th August, 2010
2 To report advice we can use advise + .
Dear Sir / Madam
3 To report a promise we can use promise + . I am writing to enquire whether your readers share my
4 To report a suggestion we can use suggest + concern about the government’s plans to construct ten new
. wind farms around the UK in the next five years. I
a) someone + to-infinitive b) to-infinitive understand that wind farms are a good source of alternative
c) if-clause (if can be replaced by whether) energy. However, they are noisy and ugly, and they damage
d) that-clause the habitat of a great deal of wildlife. If these
Match these other reporting verbs to the structures farms are built, fewer tourists will visit the coast
(a–d) above. and the economy will suffer as a result. The
future of the planet is obviously important, but
enquire recommend encourage offer
we must not ignore the possible negative effects
See Reference Guide, p.15. of environment policies. I would be interested to
See Workbook, pp. 45–46, exs. 3–4. read how other people feel about this matter.
Yours faithfully,
Richard Tallis
Practice
1 Report these examples of direct speech using the
2 You are going to write a letter to a local newspaper
reporting verbs provided.
expressing concern about an environmental issue.
1 ‘Listen Sophie, the best thing to do is to end Think about the following:
your relationship with Dan’.
• your reason(s) for writing the letter
Jill advised… Sophie to end her relationship with Dan.
• the arguments you can use to support your opinion
2 ‘Excuse me, can you tell me if there’s another
• how you can encourage the editor to publish
train before 11 o’clock?’
your letter.
Joanna enquired…
3 ‘You should definitely do that teaching course, 3 Write your letter. When you have finished, put all the
Mick. You’d really enjoy it.’ letters together to make a newspaper ‘letters page’.
Gareth encouraged… Read the other letters and choose one that you
4 ‘Thanks for lending me that cash, Terry. I’ll pay would like to reply to.
you back tomorrow’.
Janet promised…
5 ‘We need some milk, but I don’t know if the
Pronunciation
supermarket will still be open’. Pronunciation & Spelling I
Ravi wondered…
Do Pronunciation Worksheet 7.

Now do Unit Test 7 on your CD-ROM Unit 7: One world 69