Around the World in 80 Days Summary and Analysis of

Chapters I-V
Summary
Mr. Phileas Fogg is a wealthy man living in London. He has a very uninteresting social
life aside from being a member of the Reform Club, a private London society for
gentlemen. He does not have a wife or children. He speaks very often about the world,
seeming to know so much of it, so people assume he has traveled—however, most are
fairly certain that he has not left London for many years.
Mr. Fogg spends nearly all day, every day at the Reform Club's clubhouse, and has a single
servant who attends to him at home. He has recently dismissed one of these servants, and
now instead is served by a Frenchman from Paris named Jean Passepartout. Passepartout
is looking forward to his new job, but is somewhat wary about his master, surprised by how
serious, exact, and deliberate he is in all aspects of his life. Passepartout himself is lively
and proud, so it would be interesting to see how his personality meshes with Mr. Fogg's.
Nevertheless, he thinks he and his master shall get along and is excited to begin his work.
On Passepartout's very first day on the job, Mr. Fogg goes to the Reform Club at half past
eleven in the morning, as he always does. He eats breakfast there, and begins to talk to the
other club members, notably a man named Ralph. They discuss a robbery that has occurred
at the Bank of England, who stole fifty-five thousand pounds. The Daily Telegraph
newspaper says that the thief was a gentleman, and likely did not belong to a professional
band of robbers.

They wonder how far the thief could have gotten, and someone remarks that the world is
such a big place that he could have gone anywhere. Mr. Fogg says that the world has
become smaller, and Ralph agrees, saying you can get around the entire world much more
quickly than you ever could before. Mr. Fogg says you can get around it in eighty days
now, and one of the other club members confirms, referring to an estimate made by the
Daily Telegraph now that the final section of railway across the Indian continent has been
finished.

The men remark that the eighty days estimate does not account for weather, shipwrecks,
railway accidents, or any other incidents that could delay a person. Mr. Fogg disagrees, and
says that these are all included. Stuart, one of the club members, says he would like to see
Mr. Fogg do it in eighty days. It becomes a wager; Mr. Fogg bets twenty thousand pounds
that he can make it around the world in eighty days or less. The club members cannot
believe that he would make such a serious bet, but, sure he will fail and they will win
twenty thousand pounds, they agree to it. Mr. Fogg plans to leave that night.

Mr. Fogg returns home to tell Passepartout that the two of them will be going around the
world. Passepartout is astounded, and also does not think they can make it in eighty days,
but is enticed by the prospect of the adventure all the same. They pack only carpetbags,
planning to buy clothing as they go. As they leave, though, Passepartout realizes he left the
gas heater burning in his room—he cannot delay his master by going back to turn it off, so
when they return from their voyage, the money spent from burning it for so long would be
deducted from Passepartout's salary.

The news of Mr. Fogg's departure spreads rapidly throughout London, and all of the
newspapers cover it. People make their own bets on whether or not he will succeed.
Suddenly, though, the police commissioner in London receives a telegram accusing Phileas
Fogg of being the man who robbed the Bank of England. It seems to make sense, due to
Phileas Fogg's solitary nature and his hurry to leave England and go across the world. The
commissioner believes it must have been to elude detectives.

Analysis
When reading this book in a modern setting, it is important to remember when it was
written. Around the World in Eighty Days was published in 1873, and takes place
in London around that time. This was during the reign of the British monarch Queen
Victoria, and the Victorian era in England was known for its elegance and refinement, with
much concern placed on social class.
After learning a little about this historical context, it is easy to take notes of elements of
Victorian society in this novel. Mr. Fogg is part of a high-end gentlemen's club and others
are constantly attempting to pry into his social life to understand him better. Outward
displays of wealth are also prominent, with Mr. Fogg, the Reform Club members, and the
rest of London society comfortable with the idea of betting a lot of money on something
like a journey around the world. And it is a lot of money; twenty thousand British pounds
in 1873 would actually be 1.6 million pounds today, or approximately 2.5 million
American dollars.
Right away, it is easy to notice the author's peculiar way of titling chapters. The titles are
long and very specific, detailing the major event that will unfold in this chapter: for
example, chapter one is titled "In Which Phileas Fogg and Passepartout Accept Each Other,
The One as Master, the Other as Man." These chapter titles set the lighthearted, whimsical
tone of the book, and heighten the sense of adventure readers feel as they move through the
book, waiting to understand exactly what the chapter title means.

The first chapter immediately sets up Phileas Fogg as a mysterious, solitary figure. The
book is narrated in third person, so readers feel like one of the people looking in on Mr.
Fogg, curious to know what this enigmatic man is really like. He seems to take pride in
belonging to a social club, and yet still spends most of his time alone. Even though the
story primarily focuses on Fogg, author Verne still makes it very difficult for readers to get
inside Fogg's mind—the same goes for the other characters in the story, who cannot seem
to truly understand Mr. Fogg, either.
The servant Passepartout, on the other hand, in many ways serves as Mr. Fogg's foil. A foil
is as character who shows opposite characteristics compared to another character, which
accentuates certain qualities about the main character. Passepartout is warm and
enthusiastic, while Mr. Fogg is serious and solitary. This makes Passepartout a perfect
candidate to be Mr. Fogg's traveling companion, accentuating the latter's personality as they
travel around the world together. In a strange way, they mirror the conventional superhero-
sidekick team, which is fitting in an adventure story like this one.

The book's title clues readers in: this is a story about a journey. Stories about journeys,
quests, and voyages serve a very specific purpose in literature. What usually happens to
characters that embark on long journeys? They change or transform in some way, learning
a lot of lessons and becoming someone very different from the person they were when they
left. With that in mind, keep an eye out for further evolution of Phileas Fogg's character, as
more about this man begins to unfold.

Chapter V ends on a cliffhanger, and foreshadows major trouble ahead for Mr. Fogg on his
journey. It leaves readers wondering whether or not Phileas Fogg really is the bank robber,
since the police commissioner's analysis of the accusation seems so logical. This is just the
first of many extenuating circumstances that will make an eighty-day trip even harder to
accomplish.

Around the World in 80 Days Summary and Analysis of

Chapters VI-X
Summary
A detective named Mr. Fix waits at the port of the Suez Canal in Egypt as chapter VI
begins. He has been dispatched to catch the bank robber (who is alleged to be Mr. Fogg),
and he is sure that he will be a passenger on the Mongolia, a steamer that has come
across the Mediterranean to Suez and will continue on to India. Fix believes the robber
might be trying to get to America using the long route, but hopes he will be able to get a
warrant for his arrest when they reach India, since India is British territory.
The steamer Mongolia arrives in Suez and a servant (who, little does Fix know,
is Passepartout) comes off, attempting to bring his master's passport to the consul. Fix
tells him his master must show his face in person, and when Passepartout disappears to
fetch Fogg, Fix goes in to the consul's office to tell him that he is fairly certain the bank
robber is on board the Mongolia. Fogg comes into the consul's office requesting that his
passport be stamped with a visa, since part of the bet was that he would get visas in every
place he went to prove that he really did travel around the world.
It took Fogg and Passepartout six and a half days to make it across Europe to Suez by rain
to Italy and by steamer to Egypt, so they are right on schedule. He keeps a record of the
time in a notebook so that he will always know whether he has gained or lost time.

Meanwhile, Fix goes to talk to Passepartout, who mentions that his master is in the great
hurry and that he did not expect they would actually come this far. Fix notices that
Passepartout has kept his watch on London time, and is thus two hours behind local time;
however, Passepartout adamantly refuses to change it.

He goes on to reveal a little too much information about his master to Fix, telling him that
Fogg is going around the world on a bet and that he is rich, carrying around a large sum of
money with him. He says Fogg has offered the engineer of the Mongolia a lot of money if
he gets them to Bombay, India ahead of time. All of this, to Fix, highly suggests that Fogg
is indeed the robber. He tells the consul to send a dispatch to London to get a warrant for
Fogg's arrest as soon as they reach Bombay.

At first, it seems like the Mongolia will make it to her destination well ahead of time, but
the seas become rougher as the wind begins to blow hard. Phileas Fogg, however, does
not appear anxious at all. Instead, he calmly eats four large meals a day and plays the card
game whist with some other passengers. Passepartout is also greatly enjoying the voyage,
and on the second day he is pleased to see that Fix, the man he befriended at the port, is on
board as well (he has no clue that Fix is a detective after Mr. Fogg).
They make small talk for a bit, but eventually Fix asks if Passepartout knows of any secret
underlying reason why Fogg would embark on such a round-the-world trip. Passepartout
denies knowing anything about such a thing. As the days go by Fix makes it a point to talk
often to Passepartout to gain his confidence, and Passepartout has no knowledge of Fix's
true identity or underlying motivations.

The Mongolia arrives in Bombay two full days ahead of schedule. Though Britain occupies
much of India, a large population of the subcontinent towards the interior is still free from
British rule, and is somewhat ferocious, at that. The center of the country has been
changing fast, though, with railroads being built across it. Fogg and Passepartout will take
this train across India to Calcutta, where they will catch a steamer ship to Hong Kong.

Fix is disappointed that a warrant for Fogg's arrest has not yet arrived from London. He
resigns himself not to let Fogg escape his sight. Passepartout spends the few hours before
the train leaves wandering the streets of Bombay, determined to see some of the sights
before they leave too quickly to take them in. He goes farther than he intends to and
encounters a beautiful pagoda on a hill, and does not realize first, that Christians are
forbidden to enter, and second, that it is a crime to enter it with shoes on.

He goes into the temple to admire it, but soon finds himself assaulted by angry priests.
They tear off his shoes and begin to fight him, and he narrowly escapes with enough time to
get to the train station. He breathlessly explains to Mr. Fogg what happened, which Fix,
standing nearby, overhears. Before this, he was about to get on the train with them. Now,
though, after hearing what Passepartout has done, he comes up with another plan to catch
them, and chooses to remain in Bombay.

Analysis
Chapter VI introduces the primary antagonist for the very first time. While some stories
may not have a physical antagonist—the conflict may be something other than man vs.
man—in this case, it is very easy to distinguish Detective Fix as the character most
obviously working against Fogg.
While readers are not meant to like Fix—after all, he is trying to foil the protagonist's
ambitious plans—it is important to closely examine his motivations. Fix is not acting in an
evil way; just like the other characters, he is simply doing what he believes to be right. This
makes him a complex, three-dimensional character, rather than a two-dimensional villain.

Typical of protagonists and antagonists, Fogg and Fix's personalities and ways of handling
stressful situations are quite different. It is clear upon first meeting him that Fix gets very
worked up about things, easily irritated and angered by everything, particularly the suspect
he is trying so hard to catch. Fogg, on the other hand, is calm, cool, and collected, even
when obstacles appear to be getting in the way of his winning the high-stakes bet. This
personality difference is very important and should be watched carefully. Since Mr. Fogg
has not yet encountered any real obstacles—he is still ahead of schedule, after all—his
patience and rationality will certainly be tested more in the future.
Passepartout is continuing his role as Fogg's loyal sidekick; however, it appears that in
revealing too much to Detective Fix, he will begin to unintentionally make things worse for
his master. He is also creating other problems, as evidenced by the incident in the pagoda in
Bombay. As is true of most literary sidekicks, Passepartout will sometimes be a hindrance,
but the great help he often provides for his master, along with the good he brings out in his
character, will balance this out.

Passepartout's musings during these chapters also bring forth one of this novel's
overarching questions. Is Fogg really gaining anything from his travel by moving through it
so fast? Can one learn the important lessons that travel has to teach without stopping in
each new, exotic place to take it all in? The nature of this travel story is what makes it so
unique, since the goal here is speed, rather than enjoyment. It is a classic question of
journey vs. destination: will Fogg be able to grow and develop as a character while on a
destination-less journey?
Since this is a story concerned with the speed of Fogg's travel, it makes sense that Verne
keeps it moving at an extremely fast pace, too. In chapter V, Fogg was still in London; in
Chapter VI he arrived in Suez, Egypt, having crossed the entire European continent in
merely a page break. This quick, exciting pace carries readers along and makes them feel a
similar sense of urgency to get back to London in eighty days, as if they, too, have a stake
in the bet that Fogg has made.

By the end of this section the characters have entered British India, and for the first time,
they are thrown in the midst of a culture entirely different from what they are used to. India
is a particularly intriguing place at this point in history. Under British occupation, it is a
unique mix of native Indian traditions and refined Victorian British sensibilities, creating a
place of contrasts unlike any other.

As the characters move through India, pay close attention to the culture clashes that
will undoubtedly arise, like Passepartout's intrusion into the sacred temple. Take note
of two things: first, how the characters themselves react to them, and secondly, how
the author portrays these clashes. This says a lot about the society in which this book
Around the World in 80 Days Summary and
is being written.
Analysis of Chapters XI-XV
Summary
The train leaves on time, and joining Fogg and Passepartout in their compartment is a
man named Sir Francis Cromarty, who Fogg played whist with on the Mongolia, and
who lives in India, traveling to England only rarely. Phileas Fogg’s odd mission and odd
personality generally intrigue Sir Francis, and he wonders what he is really like beneath his
cold exterior. He believes that Fogg's wager is useless, since he would leave the world
without having done any good for himself or someone else.
Sir Francis tells Fogg that five years ago on this train, he would have encountered a delay
that would have lost him his bet, since the railway lines were not connected and had to
cross the mountains on ponies to get to where the train restarted on the other side. He also
tells Fogg that he might be delayed because of what Passepartout did at the pagoda, since
the government is very strict about violations of the religious customs of the Indians. Fogg
insists that nothing would delay him.

Passepartout is in awe of where they are, astonished by the wildness of the Indian villages
and jungles that they pass through. He realizes he has experienced a change in mindset;
when before he wished their journey would end, he is now fully vested in the wager and
believes in what Mr. Fogg is doing. He is worried by the prospect of delays, and since he is
not as cool-headed as Fogg, gets more worked up at the prospect of anything holding them
up.
Suddenly one evening the train stops; apparently the papers were mistaken when they said
that the railway had been finished, and there are fifty miles for passengers to traverse before
they can pick up the train again. Passengers must find a means of getting between the two
train lines themselves. Fogg is not fazed, insisting that he has two days gained to make up
the time.

They search the village in which they have stopped for a means of conveyance, and
Passepartout finds a man with an elephant. Fogg tries to bribe the man, who at first does not
budge; eventually, the man lets Fogg purchase the elephant for the hefty sum of two
thousand pounds. They acquire a young Parsee (a member of a particular religious group in
India) to serve as their guide.

They begin their fifty-mile journey on the elephant, whose name is Kiouni. The area they
travel through is wild and full of Indian tribes (whom they call ‘Hindoos’, an archaic
spelling of the Indian religious group ‘Hindus’) who are described as being ferocious. They
camp for the night and begin the trip again in the morning, hoping to make it by the
following evening. However, they are interrupted on their trek by a procession of Indians,
who, according to Sir Francis, are on their way to make a human sacrifice of a widow
whose husband, a prince, has died.

Fogg calls the practice barbarous, wondering how the English have not put a stop to such
things yet, and Passepartout is astounded. Sir Francis says often this sacrifice is voluntary,
but the Parsee guide interrupts and says that everyone who lives in this area knows that this
particular sacrifice is not voluntary.

Fogg makes the daring suggestion that they attempt to save the woman in the twelve hours
he has to spare. The Parsee tells them about the woman, who is a celebrated beauty of the
Parsee race named Aouda who had been educated in English as the daughter of a wealthy
Bombay merchant. But she was married against her will to this old rajah.
That night they wait for the guards to fall asleep and then try to make a hole in the wall of
the pagoda in which the woman has been imprisoned. The guards hear, though, and they
realize they cannot continue like this. They wait out the night, hoping that an opportunity to
save her will arise, and suddenly Passepartout gets an idea. He disguises himself as the
body of the dead rajah, then leaps up and grabs the woman who is about to be sacrificed.
The group escapes before the Indians can chase them.

Passepartout is praised for his genius, and they continue on, making it to the start of the
train with enough time to travel to Calcutta and catch the necessary steamer to Hong Kong.
Passepartout goes to buy clothes and necessary items for Aouda, who will be coming with
them to Hong Kong, where she says one of her Parsee relations lives. They are all quite
taken with Aouda, who is incredibly beautiful, and who is extremely refined because of her
upbringing. When she comes fully to her senses once again, they explain to her exactly
what happened.

As payment for his services, Fogg gives the Parsee the elephant he purchased. Sir Francis
leaves them on the train journey at a different city that is his destination. They travel along
the Ganges River and arrive in Calcutta exactly on schedule, having lost the two days they
had previously gained.

As soon as they leave the train in Calcutta, however, they are detained as prisoners and told
they need to appear before a judge. Passepartout is appalled and worried, but Fogg insists
that it will not delay their trip. There are priests there, accusing them of violating a
consecrated religious place. Passepartout and Fogg believe they are talking about what
happened with saving Aouda, but it turns out this is about Passepartout entering the sacred
pagoda in Bombay without shoes. Fix the detective had reported it in order to delay them so
he could arrest Fogg.

Passepartout is condemned to fifteen days in prison and a fine, and Fogg gets a sentence as
well, since he should be held responsible for the acts of his servant. Fogg instead pays a
large sum of money in bail for both of them, spending two thousand pounds on it, and Fix
is extremely angry that Fogg has gotten away again.
Analysis
It makes sense that on a journey around the world, Fogg and Passepartout would meet all
sorts of different people. Verne does an excellent job of giving us snapshots into the very
real, complex lives of these people they spend only short amounts of time with, and this is
evidenced in these few chapters in which Sir Francis travels with them. Verne tells us quite
a bit about Sir Francis's life and knowledge of India, and even in a few short chapters we
learn a lot about Sir Francis's character in the attempt to save Aouda. This goes to show
how important characterization is, even for minor characters. For the world Passepartout
and Fogg traverse to feel fully real, every single character needs a story.

The journey has already produced a change in mindset for Passepartout, who begins to trust
his master's decision a lot more and aligns himself fully with the mission of their quest
around the world. Passepartout's fortunes have become bound with Mr. Fogg's, and the two
truly have a shared goal for the first time. This newly cemented loyalty to his master is
important as Passepartout continues to be tested by Fix in an attempt to get to Fogg.

Passepartout also proves his worth with his brilliant idea to save Aouda, and this is the first
time that he is legitimately recognized for doing something good. At the same time, though,
Mr. Fogg still gets more of the attention for being so willing to save her in the first place,
showing the typical power imbalance between servant and master.

These chapters in India are the first time readers are getting insight into an entirely different
culture in this journey around the world. Verne clearly did extensive research and displays
a great amount of knowledge on India, knowledge that makes the setting feel all the more
real. However, as modern readers, it is important to recognize the bias in his descriptions of
this place. He speaks from an extremely Western perspective, during a time period in which
colonization is the norm and the British Empire is at its height. He clearly believes in the
superiority of British influence, which is certainly not unusual at this point in history.

This does, however, contort his depiction of India, its culture, and particularly its people.
Their Indian guide is never actually given a name, while all the other characters are; he is
simply called ‘the parsee’, defined by the exotic religious group he belongs to. Further,
cultural clashes between the westerners and the Indians begin when Indian customs are
depicted as "barbarous," and the Englishmen feel that their role is to swoop in and save
them from themselves.

Additionally, Aouda is distanced from the barbarians because of her English upbringing,
and even given a real name when her fellow Parsee is not. But she is also the very first
female character to make an appearance in this novel, and has not yet been allowed very
much voice. Although this extreme Western, patriarchal bias may seem surprising, this
book was published in the 1870s, and perspectives like this were extremely common.
Looking closely at these facets of literature can help modern-day readers understand more
about what the world was like back then.

At first glance, Fogg still appears to have changed very little over the course of the story,
but a closer look confirms that he has indeed begun to display acts of kindness that give
insight to a more compassionate heart within that cold exterior. Yes, many of these are
simply done in the interest of furthering his journey—like giving the Parsee the elephant as
a gift, for instance—but with others, this is not the case. Even though saving Aouda had the
potential to severely delay his trip, he was still adamant about trying to save her from a fate
she had not chosen, proving that he has a softer side.

Around the World in 80 Days Summary and Analysis of

Chapters XVI-XXI
Summary
The voyage to Hong Kong begins on the steamer named the Rangoon, and the dynamic is
slightly different with Aouda there. She gets to know Fogg better and continuously shows
her gratitude for what he did for her, but as usual, Fogg does not display any emotion. He
does, however, assure her that everything will work out fine, calming her anxieties.
Little did they know, Detective Fix had gotten on the Rangoon as well, after leaving
orders at Calcutta that if the warrant for Fogg's arrest arrives, it should be forwarded to
Hong Kong. He knows he needs to get him in Hong Kong, since it will be the last English-
owned place that Fogg will be in on his trip. Too much would be required to arrest him in
anyone else's territory. He decides that, if worst comes to worst, he will
tell Passepartout everything, hoping to convince him that his master is really a bad man.
A few days into the voyage, Fix goes to question Passepartout, who is surprised to see him
on the ship. Passepartout tells him the story of how Aouda came to be with them.
Passepartout begins to wonder why Fix is so concerned with Fogg's affairs, and comes to
the conclusion that he must be an agent sent by someone from the Reform Club to make
sure Fogg really does go around the world.

Between Singapore and Hong Kong the weather becomes stormy and delays them time, but
as usual, Fogg is unaffected. Seeing Fix around often, Passepartout begins to drop hints
about what he thinks Fix is up to. Fix is uneasy, thinking that Passepartout suspects he is a
detective chasing Fogg.

The captain announces that the steamer will be delayed at least twenty hours in its arrival to
Hong Kong. As usual, Fogg shows no signs of frustration even though this would mean
missing his ship to Yokohama, Japan. Fix is pleased, since it seems that Fogg will have to
remain some time in Hong Kong, enough to acquire a warrant for his arrest. Passepartout is
extremely upset about the delay.

The weather calms, though, and when they reach Hong Kong they discover that the steamer
for Yokohama will not be leaving until the following day, since it needed an extra day for
repairs. They realize, however, that Aouda's relation in Hong Kong had actually gone to
Europe two years before, so Mr. Fogg insists she continue on to Europe with them.

Passepartout wanders around the city; he is struck by how very British it is even though it is
in China. He runs into Fix, who is extremely upset; Passepartout takes this to be because
since they are in time for the ship, Fogg may still win the bet after all, which would be bad
for the Reform Club. Fix tells Passepartout that he will be going on to America with them.
During this conversation, the clerk of the steamer Carnatic tells them that since the repairs
had not been finished the ship would be leaving for Yokohama that evening instead of the
following morning.

Passepartout goes to tell his master the good news—however, before he can, Fix makes the
decision to tell Passepartout everything, and takes him to a tavern near the harbor, which
turns out to be an opium den. They sit down over drinks, and Fix asks Passepartout if he
has guessed who he actually is. Passepartout says yes, and Fix is confused when he reveals
that he thinks he is an agent sent by the reform club to monitor Fogg's progress.

He tells Passepartout that he is actually a detective, and that Mr. Fogg robbed the Bank of
England. Passepartout repeatedly denies this, insisting that his master is an honest man. Fix
threatens to have him arrested as Fogg's accomplice unless he helps to keep Fogg here in
Hong Kong so that he can arrest him. Passepartout still refuses to betray his master, so Fix
slips a pipe full of opium into the servant's hand. Passepartout smokes a few puffs and falls
upon the table in a deep sleep under the influence of the narcotic, and this means that Fogg
will not find out about the early departure of the Carnatic.

Meanwhile, Fogg is unaware of any of this, and spends the night at their hotel, not
particularly concerned with why Passepartout had not returned. In the morning he and
Aouda go to where the ship is supposed to be docked, but learn that it sailed the previous
night instead. He runs into Fix at the harbor, who remarks that they will have to wait a
week for another steamer. A sailor asks Fogg if they are looking for a boat, offering them
his; however, when he hears they want to go to Yokohama, he flat-out refuses, insisting
they will never make it in time for Fogg to catch his steamer.

Instead, for a large sum of money, the sailor offers to take them to Shanghai instead, where
a steamer will stop before it goes to Yokohama. Shanghai is closer to Hong Kong, and if
they sail extremely fast they might make it in time. Fogg takes the offer, and spends the
next half hour looking everywhere for Passepartout, leaving a sum of money with the
authorities to be spent searching for him. Fogg decides they must go anyway, and, taking
Fix with them, they head off to Shanghai in the sailor John Bunsby's boat.
As they sail, Fix worries about what he will do when they reach America, for it will be
impossible to arrest Fogg there. Fogg thinks about Passepartout, hoping they will find him
at Yokohama because perhaps he got on the Carnatic at the last minute. Uncomfortable
with the idea of traveling and eating at Fogg's expense, Fix offers to pay his share for the
voyage to Shanghai, but Fogg insists on not taking any money.

At first the boat is off to a great start, but eventually a storm comes, delaying them greatly.
The storm is horrible and Bunsby says he wants to head to a port on the coast, but Fogg
insists that they continue on to Shanghai. At last they approach Shanghai, and as they sail
down the Shanghai River they encounter the very steamer they need going in the opposite
direction, heading to Yokohama right on time. They are too late to catch it in port, but Fogg
will not give up. They hoist their own boat's flag and fire the cannon, signaling the ship to
stop for them to board.

Analysis
As Aouda travels along with the group for the first time, her admiration and gratitude for
Mr. Fogg is extremely evident. Very little has been revealed about her personality at this
point in time, but her connection to Fogg is clear right from the start. Fogg, too, seems to
have a soft spot for Aouda. Even though he does not betray any emotions, he clearly wants
her to stay with them and intends to look after her and keep her safe as much as he possibly
can. It appears that Aouda may start to crack Fogg's tough exterior.

It is curious to note that despite his apparent coldness, all of the supporting characters
admire Mr. Fogg greatly. Though they might doubt his ability to finish this task, they
respect him for his determination, as well as for his politeness, quick thinking, level head,
and genuine kindness in a number of situations. These things serve to gain him the respect
of readers as well, and this contrasts with the image Fix has been trying to paint of him as a
cold-blooded thief.

Though Fix is certainly not likable, he can also be admired for his dedication to his goal. In
a way, his own determination parallels Mr. Fogg's, even though they are trying to
accomplish very different things. It is clear, though, that Fix is beginning to grow
uncomfortable with how generous Fogg really is. It is hard to loathe a man who is so polite
and refined, and, on top of that, allows him to share the pilot boat to Shanghai at no cost to
himself. True to his personality, though, Fogg is still doing everything he can to get his job
done.

Passepartout's loyalty to his master is cemented more and more as the story goes on. He has
no way to prove that Fogg did not rob the bank, since he had only just begun working for
him. Despite this, though, he still feels strongly about his master's noble character, strong
enough to defend him even when Fix threatens to have himarrested as well. Conversely,
though, while Fogg does care about his servant, perhaps more than a master usually would,
he is eventually willing to leave him behind in Hong Kong in pursuit of his goal of making
it around the world. This once again shows the disparity in the master-servant power
relationship.
Luck continues to play an important role in the success of this voyage. While Fogg,
Passepartout, and the others they encounter are quick thinking and resourceful when it
comes to surmounting obstacles, in reality they owe much of their progress to chance and
good fortune. This relays the message that luck favors those who persevere.

A large portion of this story takes place at sea, which is an interesting and extremely
relevant choice of setting. As readers see time and time again, the sea is wild and
unpredictable, exactly the sort of thing Fogg does not want on a precisely-planned voyage
where every moment matters. The unpredictable sea itself stands in stark contrast to Fogg's
steadfast personality, and the unexpected perils that it brings upon them sharply contradict
his level-headedness and stability throughout all of it.
Around the World in 80 Days Summary and Analysis of
Chapters XXII-XXVI
Summary
Meanwhile, it turns out that Passepartout is on the Carnatic after all. He had awoken
from his opium stupor three hours after Fix left him in the opium den, still extremely
disoriented but feeling some sense of duty to board the Carnatic, which he does, just as it is
leaving. When he comes to his senses again, he is glad that he did not miss the steamer;
however, he soon realizes that Mr. Fogg and Aouda did,since he did not tell them about
the earlier departure time. He realizes that this was all part of Detective Fogg's trick to keep
Mr. Fogg in Hong Kong.
Passepartout is distraught, but has no choice but to continue on to Yokohama. When the
steamer reaches Japan, he gets off to explore the area, which has been made extremely
European just like in Hong Kong. He moves further into the Japanese quarter of
Yokohama, which is extremely different, and encounters all sorts of people here. He starts
to get hungry, but has absolutely no money with which to buy food.

The following morning, famished, he realizes he needs to find something to eat as soon as
possible. He decides to hold a street concert to earn money from Japanese passerby. He
trades his very European outfit for old clothes that seem better suited for a wandering artist.
The clothing dealer also pays him a few small coins, with which he purchases breakfast at a
teahouse.

Trying to figure out how he will get on to the United States without being able to pay his
passage, he spots a clown wandering with a placard advertising a Japanese acrobatic troupe
performing once more before their passage to the U.S. He follows the clown back into the
Japanese quarter and asks William Batulcar, the director of the troupe, whether he can be of
use. He refuses to take Passepartout as a servant, but agrees to take him as a clown.

Immediately they perform for spectators, and this includes a peculiar performance by
the Long Noses, who do acrobatic and gymnastic moves with five to seven-foot long
bamboo noses affixed to their faces. Since one of the Long Noses recently quit the troupe,
Passepartout takes his place, and joins in the formation of a human pyramid while
balancing on the noses.
Just as the formation is nearly complete, though, Passepartout causes it to totter and fall. He
is not concerned with this, though, because he has just found his master, Mr. Fogg, standing
in the crowd with Aouda. Overjoyed, Passepartout collapses at Fogg's feat and hurries on to
the American steamer with him.

Fogg, Aouda, and Fix were indeed able to board the steamer in Shanghai, and when they
reached Yokohama, they heard that Passepartout had indeed been on the Carnatic from
Hong Kong after all. They went in search for him, and found him with the acrobats. Aouda
told Passepartout the whole story about what had happened to them; she has been getting
more and more attached to Fogg with each day that passes. Passepartout decides the time
has not yet come to divulge to Fogg what he learned about Fix.

By this point, Fogg has traversed exactly half of the globe. Even though he is already two-
thirds of the way done with his allotted time, however, he can continue in a straight line for
the rest of the journey, and expects everything to go much faster and more smoothly. Also
in the middle of the ship's journey, Passepartout's watch, still set to London time, matches
up perfectly with the real time of day. What he does not realize, though, is that while it is
nine in the morning there, it is actually nine in the evening in London.
It turns out that Detective Fix is also on board the steamer to San Francisco. He has
decided that since Fogg intends to return to England, he will follow and arrest him there,
now that he has the warrant. He tries to conceal himself from Passepartout but runs into
him anyway. Fix explains that he is now their ally, since he wants Fogg to make it back to
England just as much as they do. Even though he still wants to arrest Fogg, their goals are
the same, so they can work together now.
They make it to San Francisco at last, and have the day to spend in the city before the cross-
country train leaves for New York. Passepartout is surprised so see how many different
types of people and ethnic groups are represented in the cosmopolitan city. A lot of the city
reminds him of England. Fogg sends Passepartout to purchase them some rifles, having
heard stories about Native Americans attacking the trains.

Fogg runs into Fix, who pretends to be extremely surprised to see him, and expresses his
delight that they will be traveling across the country together to Europe, since his business
had recalled him there. As they walk down San Francisco's famous Montgomery Street,
they run into a political meeting that turns into a fight between supporters of two different
candidates for some position, Mr. Camerfield and Mr. Mandiboy.
Fix insists that he and Fogg move away, since they do not know how Englishmen would be
received in such a situation. Too late, though, they get caught in the fray, trying to protect
Aouda who is with them. A man who seems to be chief of the band of fighting voters
strikes them, and after exchanging insults, he introduces himself as Colonel Stamp
Proctor.
They escape the fight unscathed, but their clothes are in tatters, so they head to a tailor to
buy new ones. Passepartout is waiting for them with the guns he purchased. As they board
the train, Fogg asks the porter about the meeting in the streets; ironically, the porter tells
him it was a meeting assembled for the election of a justice of the peace.

The train to New York traverses the Pacific Railroad, which is made up of two parts: the
Union Pacific and Central Pacific. The journey takes seven days, and spends much time
crossing wild territory inhabited by Indians (Native Americans) and wild beasts. The train
transforms into a dormitory at night so the passengers can sleep. Throughout the beginning
of the journey, they encounter much of America's wild natural setting, including
picturesque mountains and buffalo crossing the tracks. The buffaloes delay them, but ever
stoic, Fogg does not seem perturbed. As chapter 26 ends, they make it to Utah, a state
inhabited by the only colony of Mormons.

Analysis
Up until this point in the story, readers have always understood Passepartout as part of a
unit, never separated from Fogg and very much defined by his relationship to him. The
beginning of this section is the first time readers see Passepartout alone. He tries his
hardest, but it is clear that he is so used to taking Fogg's orders and following in his shadow
that he has difficulty figuring out how to function by himself. His absolute elation upon
seeing Fogg again proves that with his master is where he, the sidekick, is most
comfortable.

Aouda is still only described through remarks about her conversations with the other
characters. She does not have much of her own voice, which speaks to the widespread
perception of women as less capable than men during this time period, both in society and
in literature. However, she is clearly becoming smitten with Mr. Fogg, enticed by the
excitement of his task, his stoic nature, and the way he treats her so well and appears to care
for her in a way that he does not seem to care for anyone else. She is slowly chipping away
at the emotional wall Fogg has constructed around himself.

During their crossing of the Pacific, the motif of timekeeping and watches once again
comes into play. Since the entire wager hinges upon finishing the round-the-world trip in
eighty days, time has, of course, been an important theme throughout. But in addition to
this, Verne hints that time is even more important than it initially appears. He would not
refer to Passepartout's watch and the time difference so frequently if it would not become
important later on. In literature, everything happens for a reason.
Still showing sheer determination to achieve his goal and do his duty, Fix has decided to
follow Fogg all the way to London. The dynamic between Fix, Fogg, and Passepartout will
certainly change, though, now that Fogg is technically working with them rather than
against them, since they both want to make it back to England as swiftly as possible.
Additionally, Passepartout now holds with him a great weapon: knowledge of Fix's true
intentions that he can choose to share with his master at any point.
As the characters reach San Francisco, Verne once again shows his knowledge of different
parts of the world by describing the city in great detail. The statements he makes about
America reflect not only his perspectives on the country, but also European (and
particularly, British) society's perspectives. During the 19th century, the United States was
emerging as a new and powerful nation. Central to the American identity was the goal of
expansion and progress, something that was observed closely by other nations.

Verne's descriptions show the general "ruggedness" with which America was perceived at
this time. Americans were thought of as rough and boisterous, and the fight between the
two political figures in the city is quite representative of this perspective. Verne uses this
episode to contrast the rugged American with the refined Englishman (and it is clear where
his bias lies).

His prose goes beyond stereotypes of just the American people, though. As they begin the
train ride, his descriptions of the American landscape characterize it as wild and untamed,
full of open and unpredictable spaces and terrain that varies so much across long distances.
This parallels his earlier descriptions of the interior of India. India's "wildness" created
obstacles for the characters to overcome, and America's "wildness" will certainly do the
same.

Around the World in 80 Days Summary and Analysis of

Chapters XXVII-XXXI
Summary
As a train nears the Great Salt Lake in Utah, a Mormon man gets on board, dressed as if he
were a member of the clergy. He is a Mormon missionary named Elder William Hitch,
and will be giving a lecture in car no. 117 on Mormonism. Passepartout is intrigued, and
decides to go listen.
He talks about how the government has been trying to oppress Mormons under its rule, but
how they have been resisting and redoubling their efforts. He tells the history of the
Mormons from Biblical times to the present. Some of the listeners wander off, uninterested
in what he is saying, but Passepartout stays. Eventually only Passepartout is left listening,
and the Elder is speaking directly to him. When the elder asks him if he will "plant his tent"
(pg. 108) under the shadow of the Mormon flag, Passepartout refuses, and leaves the car at
last.

The train makes a stop at Salt Lake City and Mr. Fogg and his group have some time to
visit it. It is a very American town, built as a checkerboard like most others. As they
wander and pass by Mormon women, Passepartout wonders at the phenomenon of
polygamy that is practiced by the Mormons. He decides he pities the husband, who is
tasked with guiding so many wives through life.

The train enters mountainous, dangerous terrain. As usual, Mr. Fogg is calm, cool, and
collected, but Passepartout is worried by the possibility of delays. At one
point, Aouda recognizes Colonel Stamp Proctor, the man who fought with Mr. Fogg
back in San Francisco, on the train. She is alarmed because she has grown attached to Mr.
Fogg in a way that she acknowledges is more than just gratitude. She tells Passepartout and
Fix when Fogg is asleep, and they are all worried about Fogg realizing that Proctor is here
and getting into a fight with him. To distract Fogg, they acquire a deck of cards and engage
him in a game of whist.
The train continues on through the American wilderness, but eventually makes an
unscheduled stop: the bridge that they need to cross is in bad condition, and will not hold
their weight. They have sent a telegraph to call another train, but it will likely be six hours
before it arrives. Everyone is upset, but a man named Forster suggests that if they approach
the bridge at extremely high speed they have a good chance of getting over.

Passepartout is not sure about this, and thinks the proposal is a little too American. He has a
simpler suggestion to allow the people in the train to cross on foot first and then let the train
come after, but no one allows him to speak, even though he tries over and over again to get
a word in. Finally, they give it a shot. At a hundred miles an hour, the train makes it over,
just before the bridge comes crashing down into the river rapids.
Halfway through the train trip, much to Aouda's dismay, Fogg and Proctor encounter each
other. Each still angry about what happened in San Francisco, they agree to engage in a
duel. They try to do it at the next train stop, but since the train is late it just continues on
without stopping—instead, they do it on the train itself. They clear out a car in the rear of
the train, and Proctor and Fogg each have a revolver.

As they are about to begin firing, though, the train is suddenly attacked by a band of Sioux
Indians. They swarm the train and the passengers bravely try to fight them off; even Aouda
defends herself with a revolver. They need to figure out how to stop the train, because
unless the train stops at the next station (a fort with soldiers), the Sioux will win the
conflict. Passepartout figures out how, but just after that, he and a number of other
passengers go missing, presumably kidnapped by the Sioux.

As they tend to their wounded at the fort, Fogg is determined to find Passepartout, living or
dead. He understands that even a single day would make him miss his ship in New York,
but he knows that it is his duty to find his loyal servant. He decides to go off in pursuit of
the Sioux, and the captain of the fort sends thirty soldiers to go with him. He asks Fix to
remain with Aouda and keep her safe. Fix agrees, and then wonders why he did—he cannot
figure out why he is so fascinated by Fogg, when his goal is to arrest him.

The train prepares to leave once more, with Fogg still gone. Aouda refuses to go, and even
though Fix originally thought he would, he realizes that something is holding him back.
They remain at the fort, and wait a long time for Fogg and the others to return. At last he
does, having rescued Passepartout and the other captured travelers.

They are now twenty hours behind schedule, and Passepartout once again berates himself
for being the cause of the delay. Fix, however, proposes that they make up the time by
riding on a sledge (sled) to catch up with the train in Omaha, Nebraska. Since it is winter,
there is snow on the ground, and the sledge has sails to catch the wind, it can move even
faster than an express train. Led by the sledge driver, Mudge, they make it to Omaha
through the cold, just in time to catch a train. The rest of the train trip to New York
progresses without incident—however, once they reach the harbor, they realize the steamer
had left merely 45 minutes before.

Analysis
In his exploration of different belief systems, Verne often paints caricatures of certain
religions. This was initially seen during the group's journey across India, when Hinduism
was portrayed as exotic and often barbarous, and it comes into play again in these chapters
with Mormonism. Verne clearly thinks Mormonism is a strange product of the religious
freedom on which America prides itself. He takes hold of many of its stereotypes,
particularly polygamy, and Passepartout's comic thoughts on the subject give insight into
Verne's own thoughts about it.

Notable is that Passepartout comments that in a polygamous situation he feels bad for
the men, since they are responsible for looking after so many women. This also fits with
the previously discussed misogynistic views of this time period, that suggest that women do
not have their own agency and are not as worthy as men.
In these chapters, an unlikely alliance forms between Aouda, Passepartout, and Fix. All
three are attempting to protect Mr. Fogg as best they can and help him get back to London,
but each has very different motives. Aouda is motivated by her blossoming love for the
man who saved her back in India. Passepartout is motivated by deep loyalty to his master
and his cause. Fix, on the other hand, is motivated by his sense of duty: he needs to get
Fogg back to England safely so that he can finally do his job and arrest him. There is some
dramatic irony here, in that Fogg has no clue that these efforts to keep him safe are
occurring—he is far too preoccupied with emerging triumphant in his wager.

Passepartout's lack of power is once again highlighted during the train trip across America.
When they attempt to cross the bridge, Passepartout serves as a voice of logic and reason in
a heated moment of panic, proving that he is actually cleverer than he is given credit for.
However, because he is merely a servant, he has no power or influence and is merely
silenced. Luckily no one is hurt and they make it across, but this example further proves
that Passepartout is under-appreciated for his talents.

Passepartout's role in this entire journey is one of contrasts. He frequently and

unintentionally delays their trip with the misadventures in which he manages to find
himself, but on the other hand, he has saved them all on more than one occasion, starting
with saving Aouda back in India and now managing to stop the train at the fort. As a good
foil should, he also brings out the best in Mr. Fogg, who truly has come to care for his loyal
servant.

Fogg is undergoing the transformation expected of a protagonist on a journey. As time goes

on, his tough and stoic outer exterior begins to give way as he shows true affection for both
Passepartout and Aouda. He was willing to lose his wager to rescue Passepartout from the
Sioux, and he consistently shows gentlemanly cordiality and care to Aouda, wanting to
keep her safe and protected. Fogg's softer side is certainly emerging as they near the end of
the trip.

Just like with the tribes living in India, Verne depicts the American Indians that attack the
train as savage, wild, and almost less-than-humans. He describes them descending in
swarms and being picked off like a herd of animals by the courageous train passengers. In
this scene, the contrast between late 19th century visions of "civilized" and "uncivilized"
peoples is presented, a troubling theme that permeates this entire novel.

As they slowly draw nearer to Europe and the eighty-day mark of their adventure, the
challenges that Fogg and his group face grow bigger and more absurd. This trend of
growing obstacles suggests that in the final leg of the trip from New York to England, they
will have to think up the most ridiculous solution yet to get them back in time for the
wager. Chapter 31 ends with a cliffhanger, as they arrive in New York to find the ship
already gone. But Fogg has not given up yet, and certainly will not give up in the home
stretch.

Around the World in 80 Days Summary and Analysis of

XXXII-XXXVII
Summary
It seems as if all hope is lost, because none of the other steamers would be able to carry him
to England on time. Passepartout blames himself, as usual, and is distraught. Mr. Fogg
only says that they will talk about the best course of action tomorrow, and takes them to a
hotel for the night.
Mr. Fogg goes searching at the harbor and finds a trading ship, and gets on to speak to its
captain. The captain, Captain Speedy, says the ship is on the way to Bordeaux, and
absolutely refuses to carry them to Liverpool instead. No amount of money will convince
him. Mr. Fogg changes his tone and instead asks him to carry them to Bordeaux for two
thousand dollars apiece. That he agrees to, and Fogg goes back to the hotel to fetch the rest
of his party.
As the ship passes Long Island and enters the Atlantic Ocean, it is revealed that Fogg
himself is now the captain, not Captain Speedy. As soon as Fogg got on board, he had
bribed the crew to join his side, imprisoned Captain Speedy in his cabin, and set core for
Liverpool. Fogg expertly manages the craft, indicating that he had been a sailor. The ship
makes good progress, and Passepartout is delighted by his master's brilliance. Fix, however,
is extremely perplexed by the entire situation, and assumes that Fogg is actually steering
the ship towards some location where he, as a robber, will be safe.

A storm strikes for two days, but Fogg continues to make headway. A wrench gets thrown
in the plan, though, when the ship's engineer comes to tell Fogg that they do not have
enough coal to make it all the way to Liverpool on full steam. Fogg tells them to keep the
coal burning on full blast, and as it is about to run out, he calls Captain Speedy back up on
deck and offers to buy the ship so that he can burn parts of it in order to keep the engines
running.
He offers him sixty thousand dollars, and Speedy accepts it since the ship is old and he will
still have parts of it left after Fogg finishes with it. Fogg explains that he stands to lose
twenty thousand pounds if he does not make it back to London in a few days' time. Speedy
is still astonished, but pays Fogg the highest compliment he can give, saying that he has
something of the Yankee about him.

They burn enough of the wood from the ship to make it to Queenstown, Ireland, and from
there they instead get on a train to Dublin, and in Dublin board rapid boats intended for
mail that would get them to Liverpool twelve hours quicker than the steamer would. As
soon as they make it there, however, Fix whips out the warrant he has been carrying and
arrests Fogg in Queen Victoria's name.

Fogg is locked up in the Custom House, imprisoned, and Passepartout and Aouda are
shocked. Even though he has surely lost his wager, Fogg, sitting in the Custom House,
remains calm. While sitting there, he realizes his watch is two hours too fast, and that if he
got on an express-train immediately he could make it to London in time. Another hour and
a half of waiting passes, and suddenly the door slams open and Fix, Passepartout, and
Aouda rush towards him. Fix, out of breath, says that there was a misunderstanding, and the
real robber was arrested three days ago. Fogg is free.
The most recent express train has just left, but Fogg orders a special train with an offer to
reward the engineer for taking him to London. The journey could have been completed in
time on clear rails throughout, but forced delays mean that Fogg gets into the station in
London having lost his wager by five minutes.

Fogg returns quietly to his home, realizing that he is ruined. A room is made up for Aouda
in his house as well. Passepartout keeps a close eye on his master to make sure he is okay,
and wonders why Fogg does not curse him, since he caused so many delays along the way.
He tells Aouda that she should talk to him, but she does not know what sort of influence
she could have.

Mr. Fogg remains at home all day for the first time, seeing no point in going to the Reform
Club. That evening, he decides he must talk to Aouda, and finds himself alone with her. He
asks her to pardon him for taking her to England, for when he rescued her he was rich and
had a fortune that he could use to keep her safe and provide for her comfort. Aouda instead
asks him to forgive her for following him and possibly delaying him.

She asks him what he will do now, and begins to suggest that he seek help from his friends
and family. Fogg calmly tells her that he has neither. All at once, Aouda rises and takes his
hand, asking if he would like a kinswoman and a friend at the same time and if he will have
her as his wife. Mr. Fogg stands as well, a certain light in his eyes, and declares that he
loves Aouda and is entirely hers. They summon Passepartout, who is elated at the news,
and he is sent to notify Reverend Samuel Wilson to arrange a wedding for the following
day, Monday.

Chapter XXXVI shifts to talking about the whole of London, who, after the arrest of the
real bank robber, James Strand, realized that Fogg really was an honorable man pursuing a
trip around the world, and everyone waits in suspense to see if he will make it. The
members of the Reform Club are anxious, and at twenty minutes past eight on the
designated evening, with only twenty minutes remaining in the wager, it appears he will not
make it. They muse over whether or not he will appear, wondering why they never received
any telegrams from him. Suddenly, though, at the very last second before the wager will be
lost... Phileas Fogg bursts into the club, announcing that he has made it.
The final chapter backtracks to explain how this happened. Passepartout had set out to
speak to the reverend about the wedding at five minutes past eight. The reverend is not at
home, so he waits to speak to him; after he eventually does, he rushes out of the house in a
hurry and back to Fogg's home. He has realized that tomorrow is Sunday, not Monday,
which means today is Saturday, the day Fogg must return to London by in order to win the
bet. They had gained a day by crossing the International Date Line traveling constantly
eastward. After realizing this, Fogg rushes to the Reform Club just in time to win.
Fogg marries Aouda two days later, a rich man again. Passepartout remarks that with all
this in mind, they could have actually made the tour of the world in seventy-eight days
instead of eighty. Fogg agrees, but says it was worth the delays because it was how he had
met and saved his new wife, Aouda, and this is what he has truly gained from the journey.

Analysis
As predicted, Fogg's antics reach their peak on the journey from New York to England. He
and the rest of the group had certainly done some outlandish things before this, but
commandeering a ship is the most drastic one yet. As Fogg steers the ship toward its new
destination, clearly an experienced sailor, readers are reminded just how little they know
about Fogg's backstory. Interestingly enough, these details about his past life are not
integral to his character. This is a man who is very much focused on what lies immediately
ahead of him, rather than behind him.

More so than any of his other feats, this one is morally questionable. For so long readers
have tried to believe that Fogg is a good man and not the criminal that Fix repeatedly
makes him out to be, but stealing a ship and imprisoning its captain is certainly a criminal
act. He is only pardoned for it because he has the money he needs to get him out of the
sticky situation; however, this does not change what he did in the first place. Was Fogg
right to do this as a means to an end? Should morality be important, even in desperate
times? These are both questions this situation poses.

But Fogg is an admirable character in other ways. At the beginning of the novel, readers
knew very little about him, and it was hard to pin down his motives for going on such a
strange and nearly impossible journey. Because there was so much money at stake, it was
easy to assume that he was doing it to double his fortune. Now, though, he has spent nearly
as much money along the way, and winning would not gain him very much. Because of
this, it is clear that he took this wager for the honor of it, and not because he was greedy for
a larger fortune.

When Fix arrests Fogg immediately upon reaching England, his persistence pays off and he
does his duty. His uncertainty, though, is clear, because spending so much time with Fogg
while chasing him around the world has softened him to the strange man, and he is no
longer completely sure of his guilt. His final act in the novel, however, shows that he truly
has come to respect Fogg, when he rushes to notify him of his innocence so that he can get
to London on time.

As previously discussed, there has been a frequent motif of time throughout this story, and
on more than one occasion talk has focused on Passepartout's watch and the fact that he has
kept it on London time throughout the entire journey. At last this motif is explained: time
was extremely important because they crossed the international date line, so while their
watch was on London time, it was actually a day ahead. Verne was dropping clues every
now and then throughout the story; not enough to give it away, but enough to get readers
thinking about the significance of time in a world with so many different time zones.

At the beginning of the trip, we predicted that as with most literature concerning long
journeys, the experience would change Fogg in some way. By the end, it is clear that it has.
Fogg, once separated from everyone else by the emotional wall he put up around himself,
has let his guard down at last. Falling in love with Aouda has softened him, and he finally
shows some concrete and touching emotion when he declares he loves her, and that she was
the most important thing he gained from this trip. Though she was not given very much of a
voice throughout her time with the group, Aouda's tenderness and strength of character has
become a perfect complement to Fogg's harder personality.

It is interesting that Fogg needed to go all the way around the world in order to get what he
really needed in his life: a sense of closeness to others. In London, Fogg lived a very lonely
life, despite being part of a social club. He never really connected with anyone else, and as
such, he was always missing something. Over the course of his madcap trip around the
world, he has gained not only a wonderful and compassionate wife in Aouda, but also a
lifelong friend in Passepartout, his servant who has showed him the utmost devotion. If he
had remained in London, the strict dynamic between master and servant would never have
been challenged, and Fogg never would have opened up. Whether or not he had ultimately
won the bet, Fogg needed this journey, because he never would have changed for the better
had he remained in London.