11.

On what condition/conditions can a learner effectively learn despite different opportunities and constraints for
learning that interfere?
a. When learning materials for learning are appropriate, suited to his developmental level
b. When the learning activity is interesting and enjoyable
c. When the learning task is catered to his intellectual / mental capacity
d. When he is ready and capable to perform a particular task
e. All of these mentioned are favorable conditions for effective learning
12. Which of the factors below does not make an individual learner different from another?
a. Mental and intellectual factors c. Physical and emotional factors e. family background and
culture
b. Social and Environmental factors d. materials used for learning
13. In Jean Piaget’s “genetic epistemology” (theoretical framework), what was the main focus of the study?
a. To determine how knowledge developed in human organism at different developmental stages
b. To determine the rate of learning among children
c. To distinguish between dull and intelligent individual learners
d. To identify linguistic, social and manipulative abilities of a young child
e. To determine the hereditary traits manifested at every developmental stage of a child
14. When a small child calls another animal that looks a little bit like a dog, he thinks and calls it a “dog”. What
learning process is illustrated on Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
a. Reversion b. Accommodation c. Assimilation d. Equilibration e. Centration
15. A child was presented two identical glasses with equal amount of water. The water in one glass was
transferred to a taller and narrower glass. The child said that the taller and narrower glass contains more water
than the other glass. What function in the pre-operational stage of child development is illustrated?
a. Symbolic function b. Egocentrism c. Centration d. Reversibility e. Transductive reasoning
16. John, a two-year old boy, pretended to be drinking from a glass which was actually empty. His idea about the
glass was for him to drink water from it. What function for the pre-operational stage is illustrated by this
situation?
a. Symbolic function b. Centration c. Conservation d. Transductive reasoning e.
Animism

17. This is the tendency of the child in the pre-operational stage to only see his own point of view and to assume
that everyone also has the same point of view as his.
a. Animism b. Centration c. Symbolism d. Reversion e. Egocentrism
18. Considering the same situation in item number 15, the child who is now in the concrete operation stage can
now judge rightly that the amount of water in the taller and narrower glass is still the same as when the water
was in the shorter but wider glass. What function does this illustrate?
a. Seriation b. Reversibility c. Decentration d. Conservation e. Centration
19. In the Formal Operational Stage of cognitive development of a child ages between 12 – 15 years, he has
already the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and then use that relationship to narrow down
possible answers in similar situation or problem. What do you call this ability?
a. Hypothetical Reasoning b. Analogical Reasoning `c. Deductive Reasoning d. Inductive Reasoning
e. Abstract Reasoning
20. According to Erickson, what years are critical for the development of self-confidence?
a. High School years b. College years c. Pre-School years d. Elementary years
e. in all years
21. Which of the following does not belong to the stages of personality dimensions of Erik Erickson’s Pscho-Social
Development during
infancy and childhood?
a. Trust versus mistrust c. Initiative versus guilt e. Industry versus
inferiority
b. Autonomy versus shame and doubt d. Intimacy versus isolation
22. In what stage of Erickson’s theory of development is identity versus identity confusion prevalent?
a. Infancy b. Childhood c. Adolescence d. Adulthood e. in all stages
23. Scaffolding is a teaching technique in assisting a learner to accomplish a given learning task. From whom and
what theory of
development was this technique based?
 a. Erickson’s Pscho-Social Theory c. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral development e. Pavlov’s
Classical Conditioning
b. Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory d. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
24. According to Vygotsky, what are the two central factors in cognitive development?
a. Social interaction and language factors c. Intellectual and language factors e. Socio-
environmental factors
b. Emotional and mental factors d. Pscho-social factors
25. Which of the six stages of moral development advocated by Lawrence Kohlberg states that an individual is
motivated to do what is
desired of him to do in order to avoid punishment?
a. Mutual benefit stage c. Punishment-obedience stage
b. Social approval stage d. Law and Order stage e. Social contract &
universal principles
26. It is another stage of moral development theorized by Kohlberg that is associated with the development of
one’s conscience, having
a set of standards that drives one to possess moral responsibility to make societal changes regardless of
consequences to oneself.
a. Universal Principles stage c. Punishment-obedience stage
b. Social approval stage d. Law and Order stage e. Mutual Benefit Stage
27. Research on Piagetian tasks indicates that thinking becomes more logical and abstract as children reach the
formal operation stage.
What is an educational implication of this finding?
a. Engage children in analogical reasoning as early as preschool to train them for higher order thinking
(HOTS)
b. Learners who are not capable of logical reasoning from ages 8 to 11 lag behind in their cognitive
development
c. Let children be children
d. Expect hypothetical reasoning for learners between 12 to 15 years of age.
e. None of these mentioned is an educational implication
28. Student diversity can promote harmony among students in the classroom. What does this imply to the
teaching-learning process?
a. The teacher can provide more than just theory through lecture, make the classroom a public place
where community can be practiced.
b. Through student-centered teaching strategies, diverse students can be encouraged to interact and
collaborate with one another in a cooperative or team learning process.
c. The classroom is peculiarly a market place of ideas where opportunity can be provided for students to
gain access to the perspective of peers.
d. Help the students focus on their awareness of themselves as they see how others are different.
e. Not one of these mentioned is an implication to teaching.
29. Which of Howard Gardner’s nine forms of Multiple Intelligences describes the learner’s ability to see things in
one’s mind in planning to create or solve problem?
a. Verbal / linguistic b. Visual/iconic c. Mathematical/Logical d. Visual/Spatial e.
Kinesthetic
30. A form of intelligence in which the learner seeks connection to real world understanding and application of
new learning is the ___ .
a. Intrapersonal intelligence c. Existentialist form of intelligence
b. Naturalist form of intelligence d. Verbal/linguistic e. Visual/Spatial