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Fluid--Fluid Reactions
Fluid
Pertemuan 19
Pada bab ini, kita mempertimbangkan aspek
perancangan proses reaktor-
reaktor-reaktor untuk
reaksi--reaksi multiphase di mana masing-
reaksi masing-
masing tahap adalah suatu fluida. Ini
termasuk reaksi-
reaksi-reaksi gas
gas--cair dan cair
cair--cair.
TYPES OF REACTORS
(24.4-3)
where ((-- rA)int, in mol m-3 (liquid) s-1, is the intrinsic
rate of reaction of A in the liquid phase,
phase as given
by a rate law for a homogeneous reaction.
Equation 24.4
24.4--3 becomes
(24.4-4)
(24.4-5)
or
(24.4-7)
Combining 24.4-
24.4-7 and -8, we obtain
(24.4-9)
b(
a o nd the top,
around top
((24.4-9a))
(24.4-9b)
Determination of the tower diameter D depends
on what
h t iis specified
ifi d for
f the
th system.
t Thus,
Th the
th
cross--sectional area is
cross
(24.4-10)
(24 4 11)
(24.4-11)
Example
E ample 24.1
24 1
If, for the situation depicted in Figure
24.3, the partial pressure of A in the gas
phase is to be reduced from PA,in to PA,out
at a specified gas flow rate G and total
p ess e P
pressure P, what
hat is the minim
minimumm liquid
liq id
flow rate, Lmin, in terms of G, P, and the
partial pressures/ concentrations of A and
B? Assume that there is no A in the liquid
feed.
SOLUTION
The criterion for L Æ Lmin is that CB,out Æ 0. That is,
there is just enough input of B to react with A to
lower its partial pressure to pA,out and to allow for
an outlet liquid-phase concentration of CA, out.
From equation 24.4-9,
24 4 9 with CB,out = CA,in = 0 and
L = Lmin,
(24.4-12)
For reaction in the liquid film only, CA,out
, = 0, and
equation 24.4-12 reduces to
bG (PA,in − PA,out )
Lmin =
P(C B ,in )
(24.4-13)
Then,,
(24.4-14)
(24.4-2)
(24.4 15)
(24.4-15)
The integral on the left side of equation
24.4-
24 4-15 is
24.4 i required,
i d since,
i although
lth h cA( =
cA,out) is constant throughout the bulk
li id from
liquid f top
t tot bottom
b tt (BMF for
f liquid),
li id)
PA decreases continuously from bottom to
top.
top.
These quantities are both included in NA(z
= 1) (see Example 24- 24-2, below).
Overall material balance around column:
- - (24 4-9)
(24.4 9)
(24.4-16)
Mass transfer coeficient
coeficient, kAl
The liquid-
liquid-film mass transfer coefficient may be
given as a correlation
l f kAl (ki in generall for
for f
species i, or often denoted simply by kL.), or for
kAlai’, the product of the mass transfer coefficient
and the interfacial area based on vessel volume
(often denoted simply as kLa).
For kAl, the correlation of Calderbank and Moo
Moo--
Young (1961) for small bubbles is
(24.4-17)
(
(24.4-18)
)
given above,, kAlai’ is in s-1 as derived
With units g
from the factor g/usg since the other factors are
dimensionless.
Interfacial area, ai’:
An expression for ai’ given by Froment and
Bischoff (1990, p. 637) may be written
(24.4-19)
Shah et al.
al (1982) made no recommendation for
the determination of kAg; in particular, no
correlation for kAg
A in a bubble column had been
reported up to that time.
If the gas phase is pure reactant A, there is no
gas--phase resistance, but it may be significant
gas
for a highly soluble reactant undergoing fast
reaction.
TANK REACTORS
Continuity Equations for Tank Reactors
Continuity equation for A in the gas phase
(BMF):
Since the gas phase is in BMF, the continuity
equation corresponding to 24.4-
24.4-1, and
based on the entire
enti e vessel
essel of volume
ol me
24.5-1
(24.5-2)
Thus, we have
(
(24.5-3)
)
Overall material balance around tank: is again given by
equation 24.4-9:
(24.4-9)
Correlations for Design Parameters for
Tank Reactors
Power input, PI:
Michell and Miller (1962) proposed the following correlation
for PI (in kW):
(24.5-4)
(24 5 5)
(24.5-5)
(24.5-7)
(24 5 9)
(24.5-9)
(24.5-10)