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COMBINED CLASSIFICATION (After Romer, 1959 and Parker & Haswell, 1967)
Series PISCES
Fish, the member of the Animal Kingdom is classified into Phylum Chordata and Vertebrata
Subphylum. Fishes poses notochord, tubular nerve chord, and paired gills, segmentation of the body
parts, post anal tail, ventral heart, and an endoskeleton to be the member of the Chordata. In order to
be a vertebrate, it poses backbone. This back bone supports and protects the spinal cord.
All the species of the fish found in the world are classified into the following three groups. They
are:
About 50 species of Agnatha fish, 600 species of Chondrichthys fish and 30,000 species of
Osteichthyes fish are found in the world. Most of the fishes in the bony group belong to the ray finned
group. According to the biologist there are about 70 fish orders are found in the world.
Sharks and rays; sturgeon and gars; herring-like fishes; trout and salmon; eels, minnows,
suckers, and catfish; flying fish and relatives; cod-like fish; flatfish; seahorses and relatives; mullets,
silversides, and barracuda; and mackerels and tunas are the main group of fishes.
Characteristic of Agnatha
2. Class CHONDRICHTHYS
Order 2. Euselachi
1) Skin contains placoid scales.
2) These fishes are exclusively marine.
3) 5 pairs of gill slits. They open separately. It is divided into two
1. Sub-order. Pleurotremata:
1) Gill slits on the lateral sides of the body.
2) Pectoral fins are distinct.
3) It includes sharks and dog fishes.
Ex: - Scoliodon, Sphyrna (Hammer headed shark), Stegostoma (Tiger shark).
2. Sub-order Hypotermata:
Sub-Class 2; Bradyodonti
It includes fossil and modern chimaeras.
1. Mouth is small and bounded by lips.
2. Holostylic jaw suspension is seen.
3. Gill opening is enclosed in boneless operculum.
4. Male possesses frontal claspers on the head.
It is divided into 2 orders.
Order 1. Eubradyodonti
‘It includes Helodus’.
order2. Holocephali
It includes chimaeras. These are called devil fishes. Chimaera
also called king of Herrings. Chimera
Class OSTEICHTHYS
Characteristic of Osteichthyes
Sub-class II Actinopterygii
These fishes will live in fresh water or marine water. They not show internal nostrils. This
subclass is divided into three super orders.
Super order I: Chondrostei
This super order includes 3 orders, only fishes of one order or surviving
Order polypterifonnes: - The fishes with ganoid scales caudal fin is symmetrical. Dorsal fin has
many peculiar fin-lets.
Ex: Polypterus.
Super order II: Holostei:
This includes 2 orders.
Order 1. Amiiformes.
Caudal fin is Heterocercal. Ex Amiia (Bowfin).
Order 2. Lepldoeteiformes:
Nasal opening at the end of the much elongate snout. Caudal fin is abbreviating Heterocercal.
Ex: Lepidpsteus (Gar pike).
Order Semiontiformes (Lepidosteus), 7 species.