Scribd Logo
Fazer o upload

Bem-vindo(a) ao Scribd!

  • Overview of AL Systems

    Enviado por

    Oscar Ariza
    6 visualizações13 páginas
    ALS

    Direitos autorais

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formatos disponíveis

    PDF ou leia online no Scribd

    Você considera este documento útil?

    Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

    Denunciar este documento
    ALS

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato PDF ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    6 visualizações13 páginas

    Overview of AL Systems

    Enviado por

    Oscar Ariza
    ALS

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato PDF ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 13
    Overview of Artificial Lift Systems Kermit E, Brown, SPE, U.of Tuts. Summary This paper gives guidelines to assist in the selection of antficial lift methods. The most important guideline is determination of the flow rates possible by each method. This requires preparation of pressure/flow rate diagrams combining well-inflow performance relationships with tubing intake curves. The tubing intake curve includes pressure loss in the complete piping system and/or pressure gains by the pumping method. Many other fac- {ors other than rate, such as location, retriovability by wireline, corrosion, paraffin, scale deposition, cost, ‘operating life, and others, influence the final selection of Tift equipment. Introduction ‘This paper provides an overview of artificial lift systems, and gives guidelines indicating when one system is better to use than another. Advantages and disadvantages are ‘given with examples in the selection of lift methods. This list represents the relative standing of lift systems, based on the number of installations throughout the world: (1) sucker rod pumping (beam pumping), (2) gas lift, (@) electric submersible pumping, (4) hydraulic piston pumping, (5) hydraulic jet pumping, (6) plunger (free-piston) lift, and (7) other methods. This differs ac- cording to field, state, and country. New lift systems are being developed and tested con- ‘inually. The lifting of heavy viscous crude oils requires special attention, and methods designed specifically for this purpose are being tested. Wells located offshore and in deep water present specific problems, and surface- space limitations become important. The artificial lift method should be considered before the well is drilled Obviously this cannot be done on wildcat wells, but it ‘must be done on all subsequent development wells. The drilling program must be set out to ensure hole sizes that permit adequate casing and tubing sizes. ap 062 Sato Pau Eien ot ME 2388 One serious limitation to artificial lift installations has been the installation of small casing sizes, which limits the installation to specific tubing sizes to obtain the ob- jective flow rate and, in particular, limits the size of retrievable gas lift equipment and/or pumping equip- ‘ment. The installation of gas-lift mandrels that accept only I-in. (2.5-em) OD gas-lift valves is common in the U.S., and serious limitations on gas passage volumes are imposed on the system with this small valve, Also, the better performance characteristics of the 1'-in 3.81-cm) OD valve are lost. For the pumping systems, the smaller capacity pumps must be used in the smaller casing sizes, and sometimes the advantage of retrievable pumps is lost. Surface-space limitations become an important factor. For example, if large compressors for gas lift or large generators for electrical pumping are anticipated for off- shore platforms, provisions must be made in the original design to allow for both weight and space on the plat- forms. Some engineers are invariably optimistic about natural flow in the planning stage, and in many instances they still maintain that artificial lift will not be required during the life of a field. This leads to very poor plan- ning, especially on offshore facilities. In the design of antificial lift systems for a well, itis recommended that it initially be treated as if it were a flowing well—i.e., a production systems graph should be prepared to sec if the well is capable of flowing and, if itis, at what rate. The artificial lift analysis can be placed fn the same plot. Numerous flowing wells will show in- creased flow rates when placed on artificial lif ‘The purpose of any artificial lift system is to create a predetermined tubing intake pressure such that the reser- voir may respond and produce the objective flow rate The design and analysis of any lifting system can be divided into two main components. The first is the reser- voir component (inflow performance relationship), which represents the well’s ability to produce fluids. The JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY Fed Purging Fclawwy simple System design Units easy changed Etiin, simple TABLE 1—RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OF ARTI Piston Pring Wot so dpth ites. an i age umes from great sept, fom 155038 (tore), Have been (S186. lecre Submarstio Pumping Can exremety high volumes, 20,000 8 (3078 m2 large casing. Curenty Wing 12,000 810 (19.068 m>te hom IAL LIFT SYSTEMS” Hydraute cas uit setPum an hance tage etievabie without ‘olume of sols wih paling tubing Has no moving pars Hands largo volume ‘night was No probioms in (Gonteuous tt Seviated or crooked Plunger Lit Fvievable witout puting tubing Very inexpensive neato, Asan wos ‘TABLE 2—RELATIVE DISADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEMS" Etecric Submersibie Hydraulic dot fod Pumping __ Hydraulic Pumping ‘Pumping Gas uit Pumping Plunger Lit ‘rocked hates prosort” Power ol systoms aro. Not applicable 12 Lit gas & not Folatvely ineficiont May not take well to a fition problem. a fe hazard ‘mutupio completions. alwaye avaiable, It method. eplation; hence, eventually requiring High solids Large oliventory Only applicable with Not efficent in FRoquires atleast 20% anether If method production is requted in power oll electie power ting small lds submergence to {rovblesome, system whieh detracts ‘rene well leases. approach best in Good for low-rate ‘rom proftabity. High voltages efficiency. wells only normaly Gassy wols usually (1.000 V) ae Ditto less than 200 B/D Tower volumetic High sods, ‘ecossary, ‘emulsions and Design of stem is (1.8 mie). otficency production Is viscous crudes. more complex. {roublesome, Imprectioa in Fequires more 's depth tied, hallon,low-velume Not ecient for Pump may caviate engineering primarily due te rod Operating costs are wells. smal folds oF Under conan ‘upenision 1o adjust eapabily ‘somatimes higher. onewelllesses condone. propery. Expensive to change compression CObtrsive in urban Usually suscoptible equipment io maten equipment is Very sonstive Danger exists in teeatons to gas interference—dectring wal required. toany change in plunger aching too Uovaly no vented. eapabity backpressure high a veloaty an Heavy and bulky In Gas freezing anc ‘casing suriace, foffshore operations, Vented installations Cable causes hydrate probloms. The producing of ree damage. are more expensive problems in handling ‘928 through the pump Suseptbie to Because of extra tubulare. Problems wih dity Sausee reduction In Communication parafin problems. tubing required. ‘urtace ines, ‘billy mando —_botwaon tubing Cables deteriorate Tiquis. and casing required ‘Tubing cannot bo Treating for scale in high ‘Some aitcuty {or good operation Intematy coated’ below packer is temperatures. ‘analyzing propery Power oll systems unas used in {or cortion

    Você também pode gostar