Lozano, John Harvey S.

BSChE IV
ALTERNATOR
Function
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy in the form of alternating current. Most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with
stationary armature. The alternator generates direct current for recharging the battery and for
powering vehicle electrical loads. In an 'alternator', the AC current is generated in the
stationary stator, and then is converted to DC by the rectifiers.

Types of alternator
According to application
- Automotive type- used in modern automobile.
- Diesel electric locomotive type- used in diesel electric multiple unit.
- Marine type -used in marine
- Brush less type- used in electrical power generation plant as main source of
power
- Radio alternators-used for low brand radio frequency transmission
According to their design
- Salient pole type- slow speed machines, speed varying from 150 to 600 rpm; also
called water-wheel generators
- Cylindrical rotor type- used for high speed machines (1500-3000 rpm)
Applications
1. AUTOMOBILE CHARGING SYSTEM- In cars, the main function pf an alternator is to
convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and use it to provide electric charging
for the battery. Thus, it provides power to the rest of the vehicle’s electrical
components. It is a key component of an automobile's charging system, which provides
 current to recharge the battery and develops electricity to power all other electrical
components when the engine is running.
2. ELECTRIC GENERATORS- Most power generation stations use synchronous machines as
them generators. Connection of these generators to the utility grid requires
synchronization conditions to be met
3. MARINE ALTERNATORS- marine alternators are used yacht with appropriate adaptations
to the salt-water environment
4. RADIO ALTERNATORS- These were used for transmission of Morse code and
experimentally, for transmission of voice and music.

TRANSFORMER

- Transformer is a static device, which convert electrical power from one circuit to another
without changing its frequency. A transformer is a device that uses the principles of
electromagnetism to change one A.C. voltage level to another.

Functions

The function of a transformer is mainly to transform or change the electricity itself. It is to

regulate the quantity of the electricity flowing to power lines, and to the end consumer. A transformer is
also used so that there will be proper distribution of electricity.

Types of transformers

1. Single Phase Transformer

- A single-phase transformer is a type of power transformer that utilizes single-phase alternating
current, meaning the transformer relies on a voltage cycle that operates in a unified time
phase. They are often used to step-down long distance and localized transmission currents into
power levels more suitable for residential and light-commercial applications.

2. Three Phase Transformer

- Three phase transformers are more economical for supplying large loads and large power
distribution.
 Below are the more types of transformer derived via different functions and operation etc.

Types of Transformers with regards to Cores

- Core Type Transformer

- Shell Type Transformer
- Berry Type Transformer

Types of Transformer with regards to Uses

- Large Power Transformer

- Distribution Transformer
- Small Power Transformer
- Sign Lighting Transformer
- Control & Signaling Transformer
- Gaseous Discharge Lamp Transformer
- Bell Ringing Transformer
- Instrument Transformer
- Constant Current Transformer
- Series Transformer for Street Lighting

Types of Transformer with regards to Cooling

- Self-Air Cooled or Dry Type Transformer

- Air Blast-Cooled Dry Type
- Oil Immersed, Self-Cooled (OISC) or ONAN (Oil natural, Air natural)
- Oil Immersed, Combination of Self Cooled and Air blast (ONAN)
- Oil Immersed, Water Cooled (OW)
- Oil Immersed, Forced Oil Cooled
- Oil Immersed, Combination of Self Cooled and Water Cooled (ONAN+OW)
- Oil Forced, Air forced Cooled (OFAC)
- Forced Oil, Water Cooled (FOWC)
- Forced Oil, Self-Cooled (OFAN)

Types of Instrument Transformer

- Current Transformer
- Potential Transformer
- Constant Current Transformer
- Rotating Core Transformer or Induction regulator
- Auto Transformer

Applications of transformer

- AUDIO-FREQUENCY CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS- Audio-frequency transformers are used in this type of

application of audio-frequency circuits to transfer af signals from one circuit to another
- RADIO-FREQUENCY CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS- A transformer used in a radio-frequency circuit to
transfer of signals from one circuit to another.
- IMPEDANCE-MATCHING TRANSFORMERS-A transformer used to match the impedance of the source
and the impedance of the load.
- HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES- Many household appliances use transformers to convert the AC voltage at
a wall socket to the smaller DC voltages needed in many devices.