Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Redevelopment
Dr. R. Adinarayanane,
Professor,
Department of Architecture and Urban Planning,
Arba Minch Institute of Technology (AMIT),
Arba Minch University, ETHIOPIA.
Highlights
• Introduction
• What is an inner city?
• What is Urban Redevelopment?
• Urban Renewal
• Housing Issues in Inner-city areas
• Challenges in Inner-city redevelopment – Addis Abiba
• Issues in upgrading Infrastructure
• The characteristics of non-planned inner-city settlements and
upgrading approaches
• Property Rights
• Influence of upgrading processes on spatial transformations
Introduction
It is an area of
• Decline (in terms of population and employment)
Unemployment
Further unemployment
Decline
What are the ECONOMIC problems of
the inner city?
• Lack of investment
• Decline in industry and increase in
unemployment
• Decline in trade
What are the SOCIAL problems of the
inner city?
• Segregation
• Housing
• Unemployment
• Decentralisation of the population
• Culture of poverty
The Cycle of Deprivation
tower blocks
and low-rise
buildings in
the suburbs
(Roehampton,
London)
• They were not viewing the housing for its use-value only. They
were also thinking of it as a future asset with increased
property value that could be sold at a profitable price if and
when the need might arise.
• And to the extent that clear rules and regulation exist the
chances of having positive spatial transformation, both at the
individual and collective levels.
• Emergent grassroots organizations (communities of interest) that
mobilize themselves around a “trigger of change”, in reality tend to
function incrementally by setting achievable progressive goals.
• This was also confirmed that dwellers were only organized into
a community of interest when they envisioned the
possibility of individual benefit.
• Therefore, communities most likely do not mobilize their
resources and energy just because the agenda and goal
of the upgrading is “good”. That is why conventional
upgrading projects often “fail”.
• They assume a Gemeinschaft type of community in which all
its members rally behind the good purpose of the project.
• What the study showed is that communities committed to
upgrading processes apparently emerge, as mentioned earlier,
• when they are convinced that the benefits outweigh the
energy and resources spent.
• The implication of this is that it is better to focus, right from
the outset, on triggers of change that could magnetize
dwellers to form communities of interest (emergent grassroots
organizations) rather than spend time on pre-planned
integrated projects with pre-emptive answers and that
visualize imagined communities.
• Gravois (2005), in his essay entitled, “Hey,
• Wait A minute: The Conventional Wisdom Debunked. The de
Soto Delusion”, observed It turns out that titling is more useful
to elite and middle-income groups who can afford to
bother with financial leverage, risk, and real estate
markets.
• For very poor squatters in the inner-city – who care most
about day-to-day survival, direct access to livelihood, and
keeping costs down – titles make comparatively little sense.
• These poorer groups either fall prey to eviction or they sell
out, assuming they'll find some other affordable pocket of
informality that they can settle into.
• The problem is, with titling programs on the march, such
informal pockets are disappearing fast. So, the poor sell cheap
or are evicted, then can't find a decent new place to settle,
losing the crucial geographic advantage they once had in the
labour market
• A property right between renting and owning with the
final goal of issuing private property deeds.
• In this kind of arrangement however the role of an
organization or a co-operative (run by the dwellers
themselves) that temporarily owns the housing is of
crucial importance.
• Here one could raise a question, if after some period of time,
the dwellers are going to be issued private deeds aren’t they
ultimately ending up being victims of gentrification?
• The answer is, most probably, no; the cooperative
ownership right of twenty years has been insulating
the settlements from the commercial housing market.
• During this period both the government-initiated intervention
are improving the settlements allowing the housing and
“land” value to increase toward parity with the
surrounding real estate market.
• Then, after the expiry of the twenty years time the
members of the co-operative may get individual
property deeds.
• By taking these incremental steps the dwellers can be
protected from the shock of immediate gentrification.
Role of design in mediating
upgrading paradoxes
• Design was not properly used as one of the tools in the
upgrading of the settlements. The physical upgrading was
carried out without cluster and settlement level design
and planning studies.
• This paradox could have been mediated had the designs taken
into consideration households’ future incremental needs.