vfB ;'/IffM kl/jf/sf] ;'/Iff
;kmfOb]lv e08f/0f;Dd
@)!& l8;]Da/
jif{ * c+s !)@
sxLn]sfxL“ chL0f{ x'G5 . k]6
9':; km'N5 . afGtf x'G5 .
kvfnf rN5 . o:tf nIf0fx?
vfgfsf] ljiffSttfaf6 x'g]
nIf0f x'g\ . vfgfsf sf/0f x'g]
o:tf ladf/÷ljiffSttfnfO{
c+u|]hLdf km"8 KjfOhlgª (food
poisoning) elgG5 .
vfgfsf] ljiffSttfaf6
o; c+sdf s] s] < ;fdfGotofM x'g] nIf0f oLg} x'g\M
afGtf, Hj/f], kvfnf, chL0f{
(What is inside ?)
cflb . o;sf nflu vfB ;'/Iff
à vfB ;'/Iff / ljiffSttf============! (food safety) af/] hfGg h?/L
(Food safety, and poisoning)
x'G5 . vfB ;'/Iffsf nflu
à hg;+Vof 36]sf /fHox¿===‍‍‍‍‍=======# d'Vo ?kdf /fvg–w/g, tof/L
(States with declining population)
/ e08f/0fdf Vofn u/] k'U5 .
à ;g\ @)!* sf labfx¿==============#
(Public holidays of 2018)
sf] a9L k|efljt x'g;S5 <
vfgfsf] ljiffSttfn]
à d x'FM ldl;ug /fHo================‍‍‍‍‍==$
(I am state of Michigan) sdhf] /nfO{ g} b'Mv lbG5 .
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb ^&==========$ o;af6 /f]uL–la/fdL, j[4j[4f,
(Most common Eng. words 67) ;fgf gfgL, / ue{jtL a9L
Aksharica photo archives
à sfFrf]
tyf cfwf–kfs]sf]
Ps jif{df $ s/f]8 *) nfv c08fx¿ tyf sfFrf] c08f
vfgfsf sf/0f ladf/ k5{g\, ! ld;fOPsf vfgfx¿ .
nfv @* xhf/ c:ktfn g} à sfFrf] 6';fx? .
egf{ x'G5g\, / # xhf/sf] d[To' vfB ljiffSttfaf6 @ ;o
x'g] cg'dfg ;]G6;{ km/ l8lhh %) vfnsf ladf/ x'G5g\ .
sG6«f]n PG8 lk|e]G;g -l;l8;L_
o;sf d'Vo sf/sx?
n] u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 /f]uL–
AofS6]l/of, efO/;, / k/hLjL
la/fdL, j[4j[4f, ;fgf gfgL, /
ue{jtL a9L k|efljt x'G5g\ . x'g\ . vfBfGgdf x'g]
vt/gfs ljif / /;fogn] klg
dflg;nfO{ ladf/ kf5{g\ .
k|efljt x'G5g\ .
Ps jif{df $ s/f]8 *)
s:tf] vfgf gvfg] < nfv vfgfsf sf/0f ladf/
vfB ljiffSttfaf6 k|efljt k5{g\, ! nfv @* xhf/
dflg;n] o:tf vfgf vfg] c:ktfn g} egf{ x'G5g\, / #
a]nfdf ;ts{ x'g'k5{M xhf/sf] d[To' x'g] cg'dfg
à sfFrf] tyf cfwf–kfs]sf] ;]G6;{ km/ l8lhh sG6«f]n PG8
df;' / s'v'/fsf] df;' . lk|e]G;g (Centers for Disease
à kf:r/fOh ljlwaf6 tof/ Control and Prevention; CDC)
gePsf h';x¿, b"w, b"wsf n] u/]sf] 5 .
pTkfbgx¿ . af“sL k[i7 @ df

vfBfGgsf] ljiffSttfaf6 aRg] rf/ sbd
cfkm" / kl/jf/nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg'xf];\
;kmfO
xft / vfg]s'/f tof/ kfg]{
7fpF jf k|of]u ul/g] ;fdfgx?
;kmf x'g'k5{, h;sf nflu
af/Daf/ wf]O/xg'k5{ .
à xftM
3/kfn'jf hgfj/ af]s]kl5,
zf}rfno uPkl5 jf 8fOk/
km]/]kl5, vfg]s'/f 5'g'cl3 /
kl5 @) ;]s]08 tftf]–kfgL
/ ;fa'gn] xft w'g'k5{ .
à kmnkm"n / ;AhLM
tfhf kmnkm"n / ;AhLx?
alu/xg] kfgLdf kvfNg'–
k5{ . vfg gldNg] af]qmf
/ 5fnf ePsf kmnkm"n /
;AhLx? klg kvfNg'k5{ .
s8f vfnsf] af]qmf ePsf
kmnkm"n / ;AhL ldlrldlr
;kmf ug'{k5{ . o:tf
kmnkm"n / ;AhL ;kmf ubf{
ljz]if vfnsf] a'?z klg
k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
à vfg]s'/f tof/ kfg]{ 7fp“M
vfgf ksfpgcl3sf] tof/L
;lsPkl5 ;kmf ug'{k5{ .
vf;u/L t/sf/L sf6s'6
ug]{ crfgf]÷tvtf -chop-
ping board; rlkª\u af]8{_,
efF8fs'F8f, rSs',
tof/Lsf nflu k|of]u ug]{
7fpF vf;u/L efG;fsf] l8n
-counter top; sfpG6/ 6k_
cflb tftf]–kfgL / ;fa'gn]
;kmf ug'{k5{ .
s'g} klg sfFrf] df;' eg]
@
@)!& l8;]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)@
usda.gov
tfkqmd -tftf]_ df /fv]/
;kmf ug]{, 5'§ofpg], ksfpg] / ksfpg'k5{ . s'g} vfgf
lr:ofpg] rf/ sbdsf lgod kfs] jf kfs]gg\ -kf]lnP jf
kfngf ugf{n] vfBfGgaf6 x'g] kf]lnPgg\_ eg]/ hfGg
ljiffSttfaf6 cfkm" / cfgf] …km'8 ydf]{ld6/Ú -food ther-
kl/jf/sf] ;'/Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . mometer) k|of]u ug{
o;nfO{ vfB ;'/Iff elgG5 . ;lsG5 . o;n] 3f]r]/ leqL
efusf] tfkqmd gfKg ;lsG5 .
lr:ofO
kvfNg' x'Fb}g . o;df ePsf ahf/af6 lsg]/
AofS6]l/of km}ng] ePsfn] NofPkl5 w]/} ;do aflx/
gkvfNg] ;Nnfx lbOPsf] g/fvL vfBfGgx?nfO{
xf] . /]lk|mlh/]6/df /fVg'k5{ . pa|]–
5'§ofO kfa|]sf] vfgf 5f]k]/ jf a§fdf
vl/bf/Ldf k|of]u ug]{ aGb u/]/ /fVg'k5{ . rfF8f]
7]nfuf8L, emf]nf jf lr;f] kfg'{5 eg] ulx/f] efF8f]df
/]lk|mlh/]6/÷lk|mhdf kmnkm"n, /fVg'k5{ . csf]{k6s vfg'kbf{
;AhL, df5f–df;' cflb 5'§f5'§} !^% l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6 jf &$
/fVg'k5{ . l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8 ttfpg'k5{ .
à rlkª\u af]8÷{ crfgf]M /]lk|mlh/]6/sf] tfkqmd $)
df5f–df;' sf6]kl5 rSs' / l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6eGbf sd
rlkª\u af]8{ ;kmf /fVg'k5{ .
ug'{xf];\ . To;df klg ;AhL à ;8\g ;Sg] vfgf
jf kmnkm"n / df5f–df;' df5f–df;', c08f, tf]km",
sf6s'6 kfg{ km/s crfgf] rfprfp÷kf:tf, eft, ksfPsf
k|of]u ug'{xf];\ . t/sf/Lx¿, tfhf tfl5Psf jf
à /]lk|mlh/]6/÷lk|mhdf km/sM sfl6Psf kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L,
df5f–df;', ;fu–;AhL, b"wsf pTkfbgx¿ cflb rfF8f]
kmnkm"n, b"w cflb km/s– ;8\g ;S5g\ .
km/s 7fpFdf /fVg'– à b'O{ 306] lgod
xf];\ . vf;u/L s'g} vfg] ;8\g;Sg] vfBfGgnfO{
s'/f r'lxP/ c?df lr:ofpg'xf];\, lsgeg] sf]7fsf]
gldl;of];\ eGgsf o;f] tfkqmddf vfBfGg b'O{ 3G6f–
ug'{k5{ . eGbf sd ;do dfq /fVg' /fd|f]
ksfO xf] . o;nfO{ b'O{ 306] lgod
vfg]s'/fnfO{ cfjZos (two-hour rule) elgG5 .
 #
@)!& l8;]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)@
cf7 /fHodf hg;+Vof 36\of]
cd]l/sL hg;+Vof ljefusf]
cg'dfgcg';f/ h'nfO{ @)!^
b]lv h'nfO{ @)!& aLr *
/fHosf] hg;+Vof 36]sf]
5 . olb cg'dfgx¿ ;fFrf]
eof] eg] of] #) jif{df klxnf]
k6s w]/} /fHodf lgjf;L
u'dfPsf] klxnf]k6s x'g]5 .
o;cl3 ;g\ !(*^ /
!(*& sf] Ps jif{df o;/L
cf7 /fHon] afl;Gbf u'dfPsf
lyP, hlta]nf t]nsf] d"No
lgs} 36]sf] lyof] .
cfO8fxf] (Idaho) df b|'t
ultdf hg;+Vof eg] a9]sf]
5 . To;kl5 g]ef8f (Ne-
vada), o'6f (Utah), jfl;ª\–
u6g (Washington), ˆnf]l/8f
/ Pl/hf]gfsf] a9]sf] 5 .
;g\ @)!* sf d'Vo labfx¿
;g\ @)!* z'? x'g nfu]sf]
5 . ;f+:s[lts jf wfld{s–
afx]s cGo ;a}h;f] cd]l/sL
;fj{hlgs labfx? ;f]daf/
/flvPsf] 5 .
oxfFsf] …kmfb;{
8]Ú / …db;{ 8]Ú df labf lbg]
rng 5}g . oL b'O{ rf8
g]kfnL rngsf] a'afsf] d'v
x]g]{ / cfdfsf] d'v x]g]{eGbf
km/s 5g\ .
Yofª\;luleª\u / lqm;d;sf]
ef]lnkN6 klg w]/} 7fpFdf labf
lbOG5 . o; jif{sf labf o;
k|sf/ 5g\M
/fHo / 36]sf] hg;+Vof
!= Olngf]o (Illinois)
========================== ## xhf/ & ;o #
@= j]:6 elh{lgof (West Virginia)
========================== !@ xhf/ & ;o *)
#= jfof]ldª\u (Wyoming)
========================== % xhf/ % ;o (%
$= n'Olhofgf (Louisiana)
========================== ! xhf/ * ;o @$
%= cnf:sf (Alaska)
========================== ! xhf/ & ;o @&
^= ldl;l;kL (Mississippi)
========================== ! xhf/ # ;o !%
&= xjfO{ (Hawaii)
========================== ! xhf/ ! ;o $%
*= gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota)
======================================= ! ;o %%
xjfO{, n'Olhofgf / gy{ 8sf]6fsf] bzsdf klxnf]k6s o;/L
hg;+Vof 36]sf] xf] .
hgj/L !, ;f]daf/ ============ gofF jif{ (New Years Day)
hgj/L !%, ;f]daf/ ========= dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\u 8] (MLK Day)
km]a|'c/L !(, ;f]daf/ ========= /fi6«klt lbj; (President’s Day)
d] !#, cfOtaf/ ================ db;{ 8] (Mother’s Day)
labf xf]Og
d] @*, ;f]daf/ ================= ddf]l/on 8] (Memorial Day)
h"g !*, cfOtaf/ ============ kmfb;{ 8] (Father’s Day)
labf xf]Og
h'nfO{ $, a'waf/ ============= :jtGqtf lbj; (Independence Day)
;]K6]Da/ #, ;f]daf/ ========= n]a/ 8] (Labor Day)
cS6f]a/ *, ;f]daf/ ======== sf]nDa; 8] (Columbus Day)
gf]e]Da/ !@, ;f]daf/ ====== e]6]/G; 8] (Veterans Day)
gf]e]Da/ @@, lalxaf/ ====== Yofª\;luleª\u (Thanksgiving)
gf]e]Da/ @#, z'qmaf/ ====== Yofª\;luleª\usf] ef]nLkN6 labf
l8;]Da/ @%, d+unaf/ ====== lqm;d; (Christmas)
 $

@)!& l8;]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)@

ldl;ug
(Michigan)

o; /fHonfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf MI of] cd]l/sfsf] !! cf}+ 7"nf]

n]lvG5 . /fHo xf] . o;sf] If]qkmn
n n n (& xhf/ & ;o !^ ju{
d ldl;ug /fHo x'F . ldl;ugsf] j]a;fO6 www. dfOn -@ nfv %) xhf/
ldl;ug, cd]l/sfsf] dWo– michigan.gov xf] . $ ;o (# ju{ lsnf]ld6/_
klZrdL tyf tfnx?sf] n n n 5 .
If]qsf] /fHo xf] . ldl;ugdf *# j6f n n n
ldl;ugsf] /fhwfgL sfpG6L (county) 5g\ . ldl;ugsf]
NoflG;ª (Lansing) / 7"nf] n n n hg;+Vof (( nfv
zx/ 8]6«f]o6 (Detriot) xf] . ^@ xhf/ # ;o !!
n n n 5 . w]/} hg;+Vof
ldl;ugsf] pQ/tkm{ ePsf /fHodWo] of]
Sofg8f, blIf0fdf OlG8ofgf !) cf}+ xf] .
(Indiana), / cf]xfof] (Ohio), n n n
blIf0f–klZrddf lj:sfG;g 7"nf tfn -x?_
(Wisconsin), afFsL Olngf]o /fHo (The Great Lake(s)
(Illinois), / ldg];f]6f (Min- State) sf pkgfdn]
nesota) /fHosf] hnIf]q 5 . lrlgG5 .
n n n n n n
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
vfgfsf] csf]{ kf6f]
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 67 vfgfn] arfpF5 . vfgfn]
df5{ . vfgf;Fu csf]{ vfgf
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 ;t;6\7Lcf}+ ;"rL -efu ^&_ ldl;of] eg] slxn]sfxLF vfgfsf
• delegate: ;'s'df/, /Do, lgkm/, dgf]/d, aRrf hGdfpg] sfddf d2t sf/0f x'g] ljiffSttf ePsf]
lqmof– s;}nfO{ k|ltlglwTj cfgGbbfos, :jflbi6, ?lrs/, ug'{, hGd lbg', atfpg', efif0f kfOG5 .
ug{ k7fpg', k|ltlglw agfpg', k|jL0f, s'zn, ;'Id, xNsf, gd|, o:tf] cj:yf z/L/df
ug'{, k|s6 ug'{, JoSt ug'{ .
k|Tofo'St ug'{, clwsf/ ;'Dkg' . zfnLg . kfgLsf] dfqf sd x'g glbg'
• demand:
/fd|f] x'G5 . Soflkmg ePsf k]o
gfd– k|ltlglw, k|Tofo'St, • delight: gfd– cfjZostf, dfu, rfxf, -lrof, skmL_, /S;L, b"w cflb
;b:o, 8]lnu]6 . gfd– k|;Ggtf, d+un, dHhf, h?/t, clwsf/o'St dfu, glkPs} /fd|f] . g/d vfnsf
• deliberate: ;Gt'li6, cfgGb, pNnf;, ;'v, xs, cleofrgf, bfaL, k|fy{gf, ;fwf vfgf vfP /fd|f] . d;nf
ljz]if0f– hfgfhfgL, ;f]rljrf/ ;'vb j:t', cfgGbbfos jf lh1f;f, cg'/f]w . xfn]sf], tf/]sf] vfgfaf6 6f9f
u/]/ ePsf], ;f]2]Zo, hfgLa'emL cfNxfbk|b j:t', v'zL, xif{ . lqmof– dfu ug'{, dfUg', rfxgf a;]sf] /fd|f] . o;n] ysfO a9L
u/]sf], ;'ljrfl/t, ljd[i6, lqmof– v'zL x'g' jf kfg'{, ug'{, cleofrgf ug'{, bfaL ug'{, nfUg] ePsfn] cf/fd ug'{k5{ .
;'ljdlz{t, ;':t, dGb ultsf] . cfgGb lbg' jf lng', k|;Gg cfu|x ug'{, cfjZostf x'g', olt ;fjwfgL ubf{ub}{
lqmof– ;f]rljrf/ ug'{, ljrf/ kfg'{ jf x'g', cfNxflbt x'g' . cfu|xk"j{s ;f]Wg', cg'/f]w ug'{, x'g;S5 eg] ;Sbf] rfF8f] 8fS6/L
ljdz{ ug'{, ljrf/ ljlgdo ug'{, • deliver: lh1f;f /fVg' . ;Nnfx eg] lng'k5{ .
kof{nf]rg ug'{ . lqmof– ;fdfg cflb a'emfpg' jf • democracy:
hLjg hlt cfw'lgstf;Fu
• delicate: laTg yfN5, o:tf ;d:of
k'¥ofpg', ljt/0f ug'{, bflvnf gfd– k|hftGq, hgk|ltlglwåf/f
ljz]if0f– sf]dn, sdhf]/, plQs} a9\5g\ . To;}n] l;Sg]
ug'{, ;'Dkg', lbg', ck{0f ug'{, ul/g] zf;g, nf]stGq . sfd g/f]sf}+ .
gfh's, d'nfod, ;+j]bgzLn, /Iff ug'{, arfpg', d'St ug'{, qmdzM wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada
Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com