PSCRB Day 1 (Edited) (3 Files Merged) PDF

WELCOME
PROTECT MARINE DECK & ENGINE OFFICERS

OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
…because safety requires a discipline attitude

Quality Policy
One company dedicated to develop a safe and professional attitude of
the shipboard workforce through quality training, hands on participation
competent instruction of skills, and basic support knowledge.
The organization believes that certification requires a certain basis for its
award and a measure of the trainees learned skills
The company aims to be the frontrunner in simulator training in

accordance with the prevailing national and international standards.
It has complied and documented all its work processes and procedures,
arranged and planned to fulfill the set quality objectives in the adherence
to the guidelines of ISO 9001:2008
The company commit all its resources to accomplish its objectives

and ascertain the continuous improvement of operations to finally contribute
to the safe and professional performance of shipboard work functions
Protect Marine envisions itself to be
at the frontrunner of maritime training
Vision using the most modern equipment to
Statement consistently achieve quality in all its
activities and operations.
It shall see itself as the center of

innovative and effective simulator
training and center for maritime skill
development and competency
measurement.
It shall consistently lead in the
pursuit of competence-based, skill
oriented training regime and a highly
reliable evaluation and assessment
center of standard performance level
Protect Marine shall design and develop
training systems that are responsive to the
concerns of safety and professional performance
Mission of work functions and measure its degree of
Statement effectiveness and acquired skills of trainees
through the use of a meaningful and credible
Evaluation and Assessment System.
It shall consistently use the simulators as its

main training tool, competent and relevant
instruction and hands-on participation as its
consistent practice
it shall conduct a regimented training program

that will focus on the development of disciplined
attitude, safety conscious and globally
competitive Flipino seaman.
PROTECT MARINE SAFETY TRAINING SITE
STUDENT REQQUIREMENTS DURING PRACTICUM
1. Practicum site: Sitio Bonbon, Bgy Ocana, Carcar City

2. Assembly time: Before 0600H
3. Departure time: After 0600H
4. Assembly Area: Beside Motortrade, Colon St.
5. Attire: Long pants. Long sleeve T shirt or Cover all, safety
shoes or rubber shoes,
6. Cotton gloves
7. Bring extra clothes.
8. Expect that you will get wet.
9. Medical Certificate : No medical certificate no practicum
UPDATES ON MARINA STCW RULES IN IMPLEMENTING
REFRESHER TRAINING FOR BT (FORMERLY BST)
1. HOLDERS OF BST CERTIFICATE ISSUED 31 DECEMBER

2007 AND BELOW - WILL TAKE THE WHOLE COURSE
2. HOLDERS OF BST CERTIFICATE ISSUED 01 JAN 08 – 31

DEC 2011 - 2 DAYS REFRESHER TRAINING
3. HOLDERSOF BST CERTIFICATE ISSUED 01 JAN 2012 –

30 JUNE 2013 - UPDATING ONE (1) DAY LECTURE ON
PSSR
DOCUMENTARY REQUIREMENTS LEADING TO THE
ISSUANCE OF CERTIFCATES OF PROFICIENCY
(COP) UNDER THE STCW OFFICE MARINA:
(MARINA CIRCULAR NO 2013-01 SERIES OF 2012)
1. BASIC TRAINING CERTIFICATE:
a) Copy of the certificate of completion in BT issued by an

accredited MTI certified by the Registrar.
b) MTI enrolment report of the issued certificate
c) Copy of the first page of SIRB
d) Copy of SRC issued by POEA
e) All submitted copies MUST BE CERTIFIED TRUE COPY BY
YOUR RESPECTIVE AGENCY.
1. ADVANCE TRAINING IN FIRE FIGHTING CERTIFICATE:
a) Copy of the certificate of completion in ATFF issued by an

c) Copy of COP certificate in BSC issued by MARINA
d) Copy of the first page of SIRB and Sea Service entries
1. PROFICIENCY IN SURVIVAL CRAFT AND RESCUE BOAT
CERTIFICATE:
a) Copy of the certificate of completion in PSCRB issued by an

c) Copy of COP certificate in BSC issued by MARINA
d) Copy of the first page of SIRB with six (6) months approved
Sea Service for officers; one (1) year sea service for ratings of at
least 500 GT / 750 KW entries
1. PROFICIENCY IN FAST RESCUE BOAT CERTIFICATE:
a) Copy of the certificate of completion in PFRB issued by an

c) Copy of COP in BSC issued by MARINA
d) Copy of the first page of SIRB with six (6) months approved
Sea Service for officers; one (1) year sea service for ratings of at
least 500 GT / 750 KW entries
Proficiency in Survival Craft and
Rescue Boat
(Other than Fast Rescue Boat)
IMO MC 1.23
DAY ONE
PROTECT MARINE SAFETY TRAINING SITE
STUDENT REQQUIREMENTS DURING PRACTICUM
1. Practicum site: Sitio Bonbon, Bgy Ocana, Carcar City

2. Assembly time: Before 0600H
3. Departure time: After 0600H
4. Assembly Area: Beside Motortrade, Colon St.
5. Attire: Long pants. Long sleeve T shirt or Cover all, safety
shoes or rubber shoes,
6. Cotton gloves
7. Bring extra clothes.
8. Expect that you will get wet.
9. Medical Certificate : No medical certificate no practicum
Safety Guidance
 The safety rules laid down by the chief instructor
in the entire duration of the training must be
adhered to at all times.
 Trainees shall familiarize with the site, receive
instructions as to types of emergencies,
corresponding alarms and signals, the
designated muster stations, appropriate actions
and duties similar to a ship.
Course Objectives:(Competencies)
There is no unsinkable vessel. Every time a
seaman sails to the sea, he is exposed to the
dangers of the sea which ay lead to abandon
ship.
This course is designed to equip the
trainees the necessary knowledge and skill to
increase their chances of survival and
perform the following tasks:

Course Objectives:(Competencies)
 Take charge of a survival craft or rescue boat
during and after launch
 Manage survivors and survival craft after
abandoning ship
 Use locating devices, communication and
signaling apparatus
 Apply first aid to survivors
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the session, trainee should be
able to:
 Enumerate the competencies before a
trainee can be issued a PSCRB certificate.
 Identify the different emergencies which
may lead to abandon ship
 Identify the different alarm signals
 Describe muster list
Learning Objectives:
 Explain the purpose of training, drills and
operational readiness
 Differentiate survival craft & rescue boats
 State the specifications of survival crafts and
rescue boats
 Explain lifeboat engine and accessories
PSCRB Guidelines
• Mandatory minimum requirements to issue PSCRB
certificate (Sec. A-VI/2, paragraphs 1-4 of STCW Code):
1. Candidate shall demonstrate competence to undertake
the following tasks, duties and responsibilities as listed in
Column A-V1/2-1 of STCW Code.
a. Take charge of a survival craft or rescue boat during
and after launch
b. Manage survivors and survival craft after
abandoning ship
c. Use locating devices, communication and signaling
apparatus
d. Apply first aid to survivors
Emergency situations
.1 Emergencies which may
lead to abandon ship:
• Fire
• Collision
• Stranding
• Explosion
• Reaction of dangerous
goods or bulk cargo
• Shifting of cargo
• Foundering
GENERAL EMERGENCY SIGNAL
 Consists of seven or more short blasts followed by one long

blast on the ship's whistle or siren, and electrically operated
bell or similar.
 Upon hearing the signal, crew and passengers must:
 proceed to their muster stations and
 carry out actions in the muster list.
 Other emergency signals
may include:
- Manual or automatic
activated fire alarms.
 - Broadcast of emergency
on PA system
ABANDONSHIP SIGNAL
 Given only by the Master either by
a signal or by mouth.
 Everyone on board must receive it
including emergency party in
remote location
 If by signal, it should not be
confused with any other signals
 Must be described in muster list.
MUSTER LIST
 Muster List – is a plan of action before emergency
arises and contains the ff:
- Details of general alarm signal and action to take
once heard.
- How the order to abandon ship is given.
- Other emergency signals
- Assembly station (for passenger vessel)
- How to locate & rescue passengers
Duties assigned to crew members:
 Closing of watertight doors, fire doors,

valves, skylights, portholes,
 Equipping survival craft
 Preparation and launching of survival craft.
 General preparation of other life saving
appliances.
 Use of communication equipment
Duties assigned…
 Manning of fire fighting parties.
 Special duties related to use and installation
of fire fighting equipment
 Maintenance of LSA and FF equipment
 Substitutes for key personnel
 Crew with one or more duties
 Key personnel to abandon last
 Mechanic for motored lifeboat.
Duties assigned to crew…
 Life raft with EPIRB, SART must have a

knowledgeable person on board
 The person in charge must have a list of its
crew
 The second in command should also have
a list of the crew
 Person in charge must ensure that all crew
know their duties
Duties of crew to passengers:
 Warning the passengers.
 Proper donning of lifejacket .
 Mustering
 Controlling the movement of the passengers.
 Bringing of blankets to
the survival craft.
- Emergency party should not be
left without a leader or
undermanned
SYMBOLS
RELATED TO LIFE-SAVING
APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS
EMERGENCY INSTRUCTIONS
• Issued to every person on board in the form of
card or display poster in cabin
• Shows similar info in the muster list
• For passenger vessels, must be displayed in
each cabin in a language appropriate to the
nationalities carried
Instruction shall inform passengers on:
• Their assembly or muster stations;
• Location and donning of lifejacket
• Other signals requiring their action;
Musters, Drills and Contingency Plans
 Crew must participate one abandon ship drill and one

fire drill every month.
 Drills must be held within 24 hours after leaving port if
more than 25% of the crew did not participate last
months’ drill or new
 If not practicable, crew will be mustered and instructed
on their emergency duties and abandon ship
procedures.
 Abandon ship drill consist of mustering of crew and
passengers at station and at survival craft stations
 Fire drill maybe held with the first stage of abandon ship
drill
 May include collision, damage control, closing of
watertight doors, valves and closing of scuppers,
grounding, cargo or bunker spillage, rescue of personnel
and medical treatment.
 For Ro-ro passenger ferries:
 instructions is given before the voyage
commences.
 Full drills held as soon as possible.
 abandon ship and fire drills held every week
 arranged that crew participates one abandon and a
fire drill every month.
 If passengers are > 24 hours on board, muster

takes place within 24 hours of embarkation.
 Other requirements:
 the frequency that lifeboats are
lowered and launched,
 demonstrations of liferaft
inflation and deployment, and
 rotation of fire extinguishers
when used for drill.
Training, Drills and Operational Readiness
THE PURPOSE OF DRILLS
 Familiarity with equipment and
procedures.
Equipment:
 what available, where located,
 how to use it, and
 prove to be in good working order
Training, Drills and Operational Readiness
Organization: To determine if-
• Everyone knows where to go

and what to do;
• They can actually do it or
limited their shortcomings or
the organization;
• System flexible to cope with
contingency.
Musters and drills main purpose
 To build confidence in the equipment, the
organization, the individual and others.
 To develop appropriate responses.
 To reduce response times
Musters and drills main purpose
 The response of untrained persons may be
broadly detailed as follows:
 10-20% will be compliant. That is they will respond
appropriately.
• 10-15% will be non-compliant: their response will
be inappropriate (panic or paralysis).
• 65-80% will be bemused or dazed.
 Training and drills seek to increase those who will
respond appropriately, and decrease the number who
panic, become paralyzed, bemused or dazed.
CONTINGENCY PLANS
Planning is better done when not under stress.
Contingency plans are created to address different
emergency situations where time is limited.
Take time to consider:

"What if there were only 5 or 15 minutes to prepare for
abandonment."
 "How to actually retrieve an unconscious man from the
water."
 "What to do if the main fuel pump is caught fire."
CONTINGENCY PLANS
 Well thought out, well rehearsed contingency

plans will drive down response times, ensure
more persons act appropriately and save lives.
• Drills may cause them to be re-thought,

equipment locations revised, procedures
modified, or personnel re-allocated
Why Drills are Avoided
• “It will never happen to me"

mentality.
• They are not willing to incur the
cost, time and effort involved.
• It may perceived by themselves or
by others as 'weak.'
Operational readiness, maintenance and
inspection
• These requirements applies to all ships.
Operational readiness:
All LSA shall be in order and ready for
immediate use before and during voyage.
Maintenance:
Instruction for on board maintenance of life-
saving appliances shall include the
following for each appliance. (Reg 36).
On board maintenance of LSA
1. Checklist for monthly inspections;
2. Maintenance and repair instruction s;
3. Schedule of periodic maintenance;
4. Diagram of lubrication points with the
recommended lubricants;
5. List of replaceable parts;
6. List of sources of spare parts
7 . Log for records of inspections and
maintenance.
Abandonship
• The ship is the best lifeboat. When no longer
available, evacuation to survival craft should be
ordered.
• Ordered by the Master or person in charge after
reasonable assessment and in accordance with a
predetermined plan.
• Involve personal preparation
PRIOR TO ABANDONMENT
Consider the following:
• Initiate a distress call.
• Use pyrotechnics if it is likely it will be seen.
• Put on extra warm clothing hat and gloves.
• Put on immersion suit.
• Put on a lifejacket.
• Prepare the survival craft.
• Drink plenty of water
• Consider collecting other items
• Blankets.
• Clothing.
• Water—best in screw top containers.
• Food—carbohydrate foods
• Pyrotechnics.
• Torches and batteries.
• Radios, EPIRB's and SART's.
• Extra lifejackets.
• First Aid and medical items.

• Plastic bags—To keep items dry.
• Heaving line.
• Notebook and pencils—for keeping a log.
• Tools.
• Mobile phone.
• Before abandoning take anti seasick tablets.
Actions to take when required to
abandon ship
Abandoning:
- Person In charge should:
- Advice the bridge if impossible to launch
survival craft
- Ensure that all boat’s crew are present and
occupants are seated with safety belts
fastened before lowering LB
- Check to ensure that hands and arms are clear
of the boat’s sides
Actions to take when required to
abandon ship
 Outboard motor should never be
started out of the water
 Inboard engines should be started
 Water spray and air support system
checked if launching into oil on the
surface
 Check if water is clear below before
launching
Actions to be taken when
required to abandon ship
• Update the information in your previous
distress call.
• Responses of personnel will vary while
events will move quickly and the value of
training and drills will show their worth.
• Some of their responses
- Hyperactive – moving from one task to another
- Narrow focus – does not see the whole picture
- Frozen to the spot
Abandoning in a liferaft
• Board survival craft without entering the water,
• Becoming wet makes a person cold and reduce
chances of survival.
• Energy sapping effort is required to enter a
survival craft and may require assistance.
• Water entrenched clothing adds discomfort and
work load.
• Avoid jumping onto the canopy, you may injure
someone or yourself
Abandoning in a liferaft
ENTERING THE WATER
 If entering the water is unavoidable,
slowly slip over on a low freeboard or use
ladder to lessen 'cold shock'.
 Always enter feet first. If from a height
use this procedure if possible.
 Come right to the side of the vessel.
 Cover nose and mouth with one hand.
 Hold lifejacket firmly with the other
hand.
ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN IN THE WATER
• Make sure the water below is clear.
• Step off clear of the vessel and bring your
legs together.
Remember: when you wear a lifejacket and

enter the water in the manner described, you
will go under, come up, go down again and
then, stabilize on your back. You may then
uncover your nose and mouth.
SURVIVAL
• Survival' - the ability to stay alive if
threatened by adverse circumstances.
• ‘Survivor‘ one who successfully recovered
from a life threatening situation and lives to
tell the tale.
• Chance of survival depends on equipment
available, how you use it and how you
respond to the situation
SURVIVAL
• Survival difficulties
• Drowning
• Exposure to cold water/weather
• Lack of fresh water
• Lack of food
• Threat by marine environment
• The fate of a survivor is in his own

• hands. Early & correct decisions and
• strategy may save your life.
SURVIVAL FACTORS
“The will to survive” – appropriate psychological
response. However, not a substitute for a good
planning, preparation and training.
• Chance of survival is increased by:
• Suitable equipment available.
•- Knowledge of the equipment and the
• different threats posed by the environment
•- Proper action prior to, during and after
• abandonment.
Survival Craft and Rescue Boats
Survival craft is a craft capable of sustaining
the lives of persons in distress from the time of
abandoning the ship.

Rescue boat is a boat designed to rescue
persons in distress and to marshal survival
craft.

LIFEBOATS
Main Requirements (SOLAS 1974 & 1983)
• Constructed with a rigid hull.
• When loaded with full complement can:
- Have ample stability & sufficient freeboard
- Maintain positive stability in an upright position
-Hold in one place below the waterline
• Should be strong enough and can be:
- Lowered into the water when fully loaded
- Launched or towed when the ship is making
headway at a speed of five knots in calm water
Main Requirements…
• Modern LB are required to have an engine but
some are non powered or mechanically powered
• Most are constructed of glass reinforced plastic
(GRP) while older boats are made - wood,
aluminum or galvanized steel filled with internal
buoyancy tank under the seat.
• The maximum capacity:
• Oared boat: 60 persons;
• Mechanically propelled boat: 100
• Motored boat: 150 persons.
Types of Lifeboats
Totally Enclosed Lifeboat

Open Lifeboat
Partially Enclosed Lifeboat

Types of Lifeboat
- Totally Enclosed Lifeboat are required on ships after July
1986
- Passenger ships may fit Partially Enclosed Lifeboat or ‘self
righting partially enclosed’
- Vessels before July 1986 may still have Open Lifeboat
- Vessels < 85m and tankers under 500 GRT may carry
liferafts instead of lifeboats
Features
Open Lifeboat
- Without permanent cover
- Provided with portable canvass secured over a
removable metal frame
- Maybe with or without an engine
- Have removable mast, sails and oars if without an
engine
Totally
Enclosed
Lifeboat
Features
• Totally Enclosed Lifeboat
• Designed to protect occupants
• Access large enough for recovery of injured
persons in stretchers.
• Access to lifting hooks
• Possible to row the boat.
• Self-righting while occupant in full harness
• Windows to admit daylight and coxswain to see
out
Features…
• Highly visible exterior color with suitable interior
color
• Handrails for moving around the exterior
• Access to seats without having to climb over
thwarts
• Engine.
Features…
• TELBs- Fire-protected (water spray)
Ships carrying flammable cargo (flash point of
60°C or less) can safely convey lifeboat and
complement through fire on water not less than
8 minutes.
• Water pump connected to the engine or air-
driven sprinkler:
• water drawn from sea,
• distributed to small pipes
& nozzles on hull exterior.
Features…
- For ships carrying flammable cargo (flash point
60 deg or lower)
- Water pump connected to the engine or air
driven sprinkler
- Starts as the boat enters the water
- Must be flushed with fresh water
- Duration – 8 min
- Features
TELBs with Self Contained Air Support
- Vessels carrying toxic cargo (chemicals &
gases)
- Cylinders located beneath the seats
- Air provides positive pressure
- Prevents toxic gases from drawing in
- All openings must be closed
Duration – 10 min
- Fire Extinguishers
Free-Fall Lifeboats
Free-Fall Lifeboats
- Free-fall lifeboats are TELBs
- Carried at the stern of cargo vessel (over 85m
length) in lieu of conventional lifeboats.
- Launched bow first, directly from stowed
position.
- Occupants protected from injury or harm.
- May only be release from within.
Free-Fall Lifeboats
• Can test without actual release of boat.
• Have secondary launching by wire fall.
• Vessels will carry davit-launched liferaft and
throw over on other side (unless davit-launched
fitted on both sides).
• An inflatable lifejacket may be worn
• No inherent buoyant lifejackets on launch.
• All seated facing aft, with harness and maybe
head strap.
Partially
Enclosed
Lifeboat
Features
Partially Enclosed Lifeboat:
- Similar with TELBs
- Differ in cover with only 20% from stem
and from the stern
- With foldable, insulated canopies
between bow and stern
SELF-RIGHTING PELB
- Launching and recovery can be done
even covered
- Allows entry of air even canopies closed
- PELB on cargo vessels must be self-
righting.
- With safety harness to retain
position of occupants during capsize .
- Self righting PELB is also
self-bailing.
LIFEBOAT PROPULSION
LIFEBOAT PROPULSION
MOTORED LIFEBOATS
- Fitted with diesel engines,
- Petrol is permitted only in carefully controlled
circumstances.
- Readily started in cold conditions,
- Run reliably in extremes of temperature and
operate properly even with 10° list and 10° trim.
- Casing is fire resistant and there is means of
preventing the spread of oil (e.g. oil drip trays).
LIFEBOAT PROPULSION
TELBs (Vessels after July 1986)
- Run at least 6 knots in smooth waters
- Tow a fully laden liferaft of 25 persons for
at least two knots (fully
- Continue to run if flooded to crankshaft
- Easily restarted after uprighting if
capsized
- Propeller is encase as guard
LIFEBOAT PROPULSION
Lifeboat engine run in adverse conditions.

- Totally Enclosed Lifeboats run at least 6 knots in
calm water and tow a fully laden 25 person
liferaft of at least 2 knots.
- Older motored lifeboats on cargo vessels have a
speed of 4 knots, except tankers over 1600
gross tons and passenger ships.
- Appropriate speed - 4 or 6 knots with sufficient
fuel for 24 hours and capable of going astern.
LIFEBOAT PROPULSION
TELBs (Vessels after July 1986)

- Run at least 6 knots in smooth waters
- Tow a fully laden liferaft of 25 persons for at least two knots
(fully
- Continue to run if flooded to crankshaft
- Easily restarted after uprighting if capsized
- Propeller is encase as guard
Starting the engine
1 checks levels of fuel and lubricating oil

2 checks that the gear lever is in neutral
3 follows manufacturer’s instructions and sets controls
4 primes the fuel system; if necessary
5 starts engine and adjusts the throttle
6 checks oil pressure gauge and water cooling, if
applicable
Cooling systems
1. Lifeboats engines
 air-cooled
 fresh-water-cooled
 seawater-cooled
2. Fresh-water require antifreeze
3. Capable of running when out of the water for 5
minutes before it overheats.
Battery charging
1. Engine can charge batteries for
a) engine starting,
b) searchlight
c) fixed radio installation
2. Engine batteries are charge from ship’s
power while the boat in stowed position
Mechanically Propelled
• Easier to operate than rowing and capacity:

– could be up to 100 persons,
– maximum capacity for oared boat is 60.
• A mechanical propulsion relies on occupants
working in concert.
• The two principle systems in use.
1. Occupants push levers back and forth and
2. Facing inboard and rotating a crank shaft at
centerline fore and aft.
Mechanically Propelled
 Both via the couplings, universal joints, and a
gearbox to drive the propeller.
 Gearbox fitted with Ahead/Astern control and
 The system designed to give a speed of 3 1/2
knots, laden, calm waters, for 1/4 mile
LIFERAFTS
LIFE RAFTS
MAIN REQUIREMENTS (SOLAS)
- Rigid liferaft are allowed but few are in use
- Nearly all rafts are inflatable
- Constructed from rubber compound or
synthetic (PVC) material
- Can withstand a drop from 18m
- Be approved for dropping higher than 18m
- Highly visible canopy
LIFE RAFTS
MAIN REQUIREMENTS (SOLAS)
- Either one of the two buoyant tubes
must support its full complement
- Inflated by CO2, few by nitrogen or air
- Inflation medium in cylinders affixed to
underside of the raft
LIFE RAFTS
• Liferaft construction and fittings includes:
• watertight closable entrances,
• insulated floor,
• lookout port,
• rainwater collection point,
• minimum floor area per person,
• becketed lines inside and outside
• painter line
• lights inside and outside,
• righting strap and boarding arrangement
TYPES OF LIFERAFT
THROW OVER LIFERAFTS

Steps of Launching:
1. Thrown or jettisoned into the water complete in their
container
2. Inflated by pulling the painter
3. Boarded from the ladder, slide or chute,
or from the water
DAVIT LAUNCHED LIFERAFTS
TYPES OF LIFERAFT
DAVIT LAUNCHED LIFERAFTS
- It incorporates all features of
throw over raft with a webbing or
rope which allows the raft to be
suspended from a davit.
- Strong enough to allow liferaft to
be loaded and lowered with its
full complement.
TYPES OF LIFERAFT
SELF-RIGHTING LIFERAFTS
 Passenger ships are required to carry the
canopied either automatically self-righting or
'reversible‘ liferaft: capable of operating
safely whichever way up it is floating.
 To ensure self righting capability, it uses
weight distribution and accurate contouring
of canopy to support the tubes.
TYPES OF LIFERAFT
Self Righting
Liferaft
Open Reversible
Liferaft
TYPES OF LIFERAFT
• OPEN REVERSIBLE LIFERAFTS
(non-SOLAS)
• Allowed on passenger vessels which operate only
in sheltered waters
• Without canopies and operate safely whichever
way up
• they are floating.
TYPES OF LIFERAFT
Buoyant apparatus
- Not secured and will float free
- Can be jettisoned without prior preparation; Fitted with lugs
or channel and will remain in position in a seaway
- Often topped with wood or GRP seats.
LIFERAFT EQUIPMENT
- The equipment level in liferaft is referred to as:
"SOLAS A pack" or "SOLAS B pack". Different
level apply to non-SOLAS such as open-
reversible rafts.
SOLAS “A” pack
• Passenger: long international voyages.
Cargo ships, factory ships, tankers, dredgers,
tugs, tenders, sail training vessels, etc on
international or domestic.
LIFERAFT EQUIPMENT
“SOLAS A” pack - required for vessels travelling
long international voyages
“SOLAS B” pack - vessels engaged on short
international voyages
“Non-SOLAS” Pack - for vessels travelling in a
sheltered waters & limited distance from shore.
- Open-reversible liferaft
- Buoyant apparatus
LIFERAFT EQUIPMENT
-SOLAS B pack:
 Passenger vessels engaged on short international
voyages or non international.
OTHER EQUIPMENT LEVELS
 Open-reversible liferafts with reduced equipment
for smaller vessels of limited range and distance
from the shore, In sheltered or partially sheltered
waters and in favorable weather conditions.
These are non- SOLAS vessels.
LIFERAFT INSTALLATION
Liferafts stowage and HRUs MUST.

• Float free.
• Automatically inflate.
• Have launching instructions displayed.
• Be lit by emergency lighting at stowage.
• Clear projections and belting.
• Have approved HRUs (except raft at stem)
• Drop tested and approved for stowage height.
• Have length of painter for drop height
Liferaft Installation…
DO:
• Consult manufacturer's instructions for HRU fitting.
• Stow clear of propellers and thrusters.
• Stow container with drain holes at bottom.
• Stow longitudinal in horizontally fixed cradle.
• Stow to give protection from weather, smoke, soot, oil,
heat, flooding.
DO…
• Distribute evenly port and starboard
• Identify and remove any transport lashings.
• Inspect frequently for damage
Do not:
• Lash the liferaft into the cradle, except with the designed
strap and quick release.
• Stow under overhanging decks or awnings.
• Allow contact with copper or compounds.
• Hose down.
• Use bottle screws instead of slips.
• Concentrate all life-saving appliances in one place.
• CONSIDER
• Will the liferaft float free.

• The risk of damage from cargo
• Interference with other rafts or lifeboats.
• Effects of icing and ship's compass.
•Transferring of liferafts to either side.
•Height above the waterline
•Should be as near to the waterline
as practicable.
Davit Launch Liferaft
- Stowed at least 9m forward of propeller.
- Not less than 2m above the waterline
- Two crew can launch in less than 5
minutes/raft.
- On cargo ships with stem or stern of 100+m
from survival craft:
• Additional liferaft stowed far forward or aft;
• HRU not required;
• Have manual release; and
• Means of embarkation (ladder or knotted line).
Liferaft Must be able to
Release manually and thrown overboard-
 Rafts retaining strap released at sliphook and physically
thrown over the side.
 Painter is then pulled to inflate the liferaft.
 Relies on painter which is secured to strong point
 If secured by weak link and thrown over, the dynamic
shock may break the weak link that liferaft and painter
may be lost.
RESCUE BOATS
Rescue boat - boat designed to rescue persons in distress

and to marshal survival craft.
- Lifeboat may be designated a Rescue Boat provided it
meets requirements of both craft
stowage and launching arrangements
maneuverability, speed,
equipment, etc.
Rescue Boat
-Emergency situation requiring launching of Rescue
Boat:
- abandon ship with marshalling of survival craft

- man overboard
- towing and rescue of
- survival craft from shipwreck
RESCUE BOATS
Construction:
- May be rigid or inflated or a rigid-inflatable -

Fitted with an engine
- Speed - at least 6 knots for four hours.
- Towing Speed - 2 knots
- Launch in not more than 5 minutes.
- Boarded normally and launched from the stowed
position,
Rescue Boat Launching and Recovery
- Launching appliance may be a singleor

twin fall system
- Painters maybe used
- Fitted with winch to raise
RB with full complement
at 0.3m/s
Rescue Boat On-load/Off-load Release hook
OFF-LOAD – released by pulling a

lanyard when the boat is
waterborne and there is no
load on the hook.
ON-LOAD – release the boat even
it is still on the hook and not
yet waterborne.
THE OUTBOARD MOTOR
FUEL SYSTEM (portable)
- Fitted with a manual priming bulb.
- Squeeze a few times to draw fuel when first
starting the engine
- To provide fuel to the engine in case of fuel
pump failure.
(NOTE: Do not over squeeze as it may cause
leaks in the fuel system or flood the engine,
making it difficult to start.)
- The bulb should be squeezed only until it
becomes firm.
FUEL SYSTEM (portable)
Tank with breather screw and be loosened to vent
when operating the engine.
Should be fully closed if transporting to prevent
spillage.
The fuel line connection is self-locking, and
connection to motor either quick-release or
automatic shut-off type when disconnected.
Not left partially empty for long, it can be
contaminated by moisture buildup and algae
growth. Filled ashore to prevent spill on board and
secured on board to avoid movement.
Portable fuel tanks
1. Filler cap
2. Breather screw
FUEL SYSTEM (fixed)
FIXED FUEL TANK

a Fuel filling point/cap
b Anti-siphon fitting
c Fuel tank breather
d Fuel level indicator (float)
e Manual priming bulb
f External fuel filter
g Flexible fuel line
COOLING SYSTEM
Outboard cooling system is direct, raw water
type. Sea water drawn up by impeller pump, of
plastic or rubber, at lower leg. It passes through
galleries in the engine and out through the
exhaust.
A small stream of water is also bled off in the
system as a tell tale sign, indicating that water is
circulating throughout the cooling system. A
thermostat maintains a minimum operating
temperature. An audio alarm and a “hot light” are
also sometimes fitted.
OUTBOARD
COOLING SYSTEM
PRE-STARTING CHECK LIST
• Operator knows safe navigation, boating, and operating
procedures.
• An approved PFD of suitable size for each aboard and
readily accessible (it is the law).
• A ring type life buoy or buoyant cushion designed to be
thrown to person in the water.
• Know your boats maximum load capacity. Look at the boat
capacity plate.
• Check fuel supply and oil level (oil injection models).
PRE-STARTING CHECK…
• Arrange load, weight is distributed evenly and everyone in

their proper seat.
• Tell someone where you’re going and expected return.
• Don’t operate boat under alcohol or drugs.
• Know waters and area; tides, currents, sand bars, rocks,
and other hazards.
• Make inspection checks listed in the Inspection and
Maintenance Schedule.
Before Each Use:
1. Check that lanyard stop switch stops engine.
2. Visually inspect for deterioration of fuel
system or leaks.
3. Check outboard for tightness on transom.
4. Check steering system for binding or loose
components.
5. Remote Control Models – Visually check
steering link rod fasteners for proper
tightness.
6. Check propeller blades for damage.
Engine Break-in Fuel Mixture
Models With Oil Injection
Use 50:1 (2%) gasoline/oil mixture in first tank of
fuel. This mixture provide adequate lubrication
during engine break-in.
Models Without Oil Injection
25:1 (4%) gasoline/oil mixture on first tank.
Procedure: Vary throttle setting during the first
hour of operation. Avoid remaining at a constant
speed for more than two minutes and avoid
sustained wide open throttle.
Precautions!
 The manufacturer’s specifications for petrol/oil

mixture should always be followed to avoid
damage to the engine.
 Starting of outboard motor out of water will quickly
heat the engine and will result in seizing of the
engines.
 Outboard engines should never be laid
horizontally, when transporting or stowing, as
cooling water may drain into the engine
STARTING PROCEDURE
1. Lower engine to running position and check the
following:
 Fuel level
 Oil level (if separate lube oil tank)
 Engine mount secure
 Propeller clear
2. Loosen air-vent screw on fuel tank cap by 2 or 3
turns (if fitted)
3. Firmly connect fuel hose to both fuel tank and
engine
STARTING…
4. Squeeze primer bulb
until firm
5. Make sure engine is
neutral, and throttle grip
on handle in START
position
6. Clip lock plate onto emergency-stop switch and
tie lanyard to your wrist
7. Pull out choke if starting cold engine
STARTING…
8. Start motor by pulling

starter handle
(manual) or push
starter switch
(electric)
9. Push choke back in.
10. Check for “tell tale” water stream and allow engine to warm up
before moving off.
GEAR SHIFTING
IMPORTANT! Observe the following:
Never shift outboard into gear unless engine speed
is at idle. Shift gear quickly.
Do not shift outboard into Reverse when the engine
is not running.
Turning the boat at high speed may capsize the
boat.
When ENGINE RUNNING
Check gauges; Check for oil/fuel leaks and
Check cooling water
…ENGINE RUNNING
IMPORTANT: If no water coming out, stop and
check cooling water intake.
No obstruction means water pump failure or
blocked cooling system. It cause engine to
overheat. Have engine checked by dealer.
Operating overheated engine cause damage.
Note: For initial start or after long storage, push
fuel primer bulb several times until fluid is felt
and then 4 to 6 rapid primes.
Repeat until engine starts. If engine begins to
stall, reprime until engine run smoothly.
STOPPING ENGINE:
Reduce engine speed and shift outboard to neutral
position. Push in the engine stop button or move
the lanyard stop switch to the OFF position.
EMERGENCY STARTING :
If the starter system fails, use the spare starter
rope (provided) and follow the previous
procedure.
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
After Each Use
1. Flush outboard cooling system; and
2. Wash salt deposits and flush out exhaust outlet of
propeller and gear case with fresh water if operating in
salt or polluted water.
OUTBOARD CARE:
Keep outboard in best operating condition, Follow
periodic Inspection and Maintenance Schedule.
Record maintenance in Maintenance Log.
Save maintenance work orders and receipts.
TROUBLESHOOTING
Use original replacement parts and Lubricants.
PERFORMANCE LOSS
Possible Causes:
• Throttle not fully open.
• Damaged or improper size propeller.
• Incorrect engine timing, adjustments, or setup.
• Boat overloaded or load improperly distributed.
• Excessive water in bilge.
• Boat bottom is dirty or damaged.
ENGINE FAILS…
1. Check level of fuel in tank

2. Check air vent screw on tank open
3. Check arrow on primer bulb to ensure fuel line is
connected the right way
4. Check fuel lines connected tightly and bulb primed
5. Check engine is in neutral and throttle control in
START position
6. Inspect battery and connections (electric start)
7. Check emergency-stop (kill) lock plate connected
correctly to switch
ENGINE FAILS…
8. Inspect fuel filters (fuel tank, external, internal) and clean if

necessary
9. Check internal fuel filter to ensure filter casing is tightly
screwed
10. Inspect spark plugs and clean if necessary
11. Check fuel pump to ensure membrane is not torn out
12. Check carburetor to ensure that draining screw is not
opened
TROUBLESHOOTING
If engine starts but stops almost immediately:
1. Check choke has been pushed back in
2. Checks 1 to 12 above
If engine starts but stops when gear is engaged:
1. Check propeller is not blocked
2. Inspect spark plugs and clean if necessary
If engine still fails to start seek mechanical advice
ENGINE OVERHEATS
1. Check water pump and thermostat operating
correctly by checking if “tell tale” water stream is
at normal rate
2. Inspect/clear water intakes (plastic bags?)
3. Check oil level if separate lube oil tank is fitted
If problem cannot be rectified seek mechanical
advice.
BATTERY
WILL NOT HOLD CHARGE
Possible Causes
• Battery connections are loose or corroded.
• Low electrolyte level in battery.
• Worn out or inefficient battery.
• Excessive use of electrical accessories.
• Defective rectifier, alternator, or voltage regulator.
FUEL SYSTEM
The fuel system should be regularly inspected for leaks,

cracks or malfunction.
FUEL SYSTEM INSPECTION:
1. Carburetor leakage
2. Fuel pump malfunction or leakage
3. Fuel tank leakage
4. Fuel hose joint leakage
5. Fuel hose cracks or other damage
6. Fuel filter leakage
7. Fuel connector leakage
8. Primer bulb leakage or damage
GEAR-BOX OIL CHANGE
Gear-box oil should be changed every 100 hours of operation

or six monthly, whatever comes first.
GEAR-BOX OIL CHANGE
Drain the gear-box into a container by opening the oil-drain

plug (2) then the oil level plug (1).
With the outboard motor in the upright position, inject the
recommended gear-box oil into the oil-drain plug hole (2)
until it starts to flow out of the oil-level plug hole (1).
Insert and tighten both the drain plugs.
OUTBOARD MOTOR
MAINTENANCE
Outboard Maintenance Includes:
 EXTERNAL LUBRICATION
 THE COOLING SYSTEM
1. Water surface
2. Lowest water level
 SPARK PLUGS
 BATTERIES
 PROPELLERS
 ZINC ANODES
PERIODIC INSPECTION AND SERVICE
The following table is given as a guideline for

periodic maintenance procedures.
These inspections and services are recommended
for outboard motors used on an average of 20
hours per month. Depending on operating
conditions, the intervals between maintenance
procedures may need to be changed.
SERVICES \ INTERVALS 1 MONTH 3 MONTHS 6 MONTHS 1 YEAR 2 YEARS
RUN ENGINE IN FRESH WATER
x
FUEL FILTER:
CHECK & CLEAN x
SPARK PLUGS:
CHECKCONDITION & CHANGE IF x
NECESSARY
PROPELLER: PULL OFF &
CLEAN PROPELLER SHAFT x
ZINC ANODE: PULL OFF &
SCRUBB x
ENGINE HEAD: FLUSH w/
FRESH WATER, CLEAN, x
SPRAY CRC, GREASE
ENGINE LUBRICATION:
GREASE THE SPECIFIED x
POINTS
FUEL TANK: CLEAN w/
DETERGENT & FRESH WATER x
RANKCASE: DRAIN & REFILL
w/ OIL x
IMPELLER: REPLACE IMPELLER &
GREASE CRANKSHAFT x
FULL SERVICE BY
AUTHORISED DEALER x
Proficiency in Survival
Craft and Rescue Boat
Day 2
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the session, trainees will
be able to:
• Describe the different launching
appliances
• Discuss different launching procedures
• Explain the on-load and off-load release
operation
• Explain the resetting procedure of
release hook
• State the measures to prevent accidents
with lifeboat
• Describe Marine Evacuation System
• Discuss rescuing survivors from sea
• Enumerate the equipment found aboard the
survival crafts
• Explain how to survive in a survival craft
• Explain the beaching of survival crafts
LAUNCHING APPLIANCES
Launching appliance or arrangement -

are means of transferring a survival
craft or rescue boat from its stowed
position safely to the water.
Launching Station (SOLAS Reg 12)
- Position to ensure safe clearance from propeller
and steeply overhanging portion of the hull
- Can launch at the straight side of the ship
- If positioned forward, shall be abaft the collision
bulkhead
General Requirements
- Can launch fully laden rescue boat or lifeboat
even vessel has a trim of 10° and a list of 20° in
either direction
- Independent from ship’s power supply (except
free fall)
- Rely on gravity or stored mechanical power
- Must be low in maintenance
- Operational even in icing and
arranged for safe boarding
- System must be statically load tested to 2.2 times the

maximum working load. (except winch brake)
- Winches are load tested:
- statically - 1.5 times the max working load -
dynamically – 1.1 times the max working load
at max lowering speed
Falls and Winches
- Falls are constructed to resist rotation

- Made of corrosion resistant steel wire rope
- Long enough to reach the water in its
lightest sea-going draft- against adverse trim of
20 degrees and unfavorable trim
- Hand gear provided for recovery
- With ‘limit switch’ to automatically cut the power
off before the falls is over stressed.
Falls and Winches
- Minimum & maximum lowering speed of fully

laden & vacated boat to be approved by approving
authority
- Provided with brake to stop descent anytime
- Manual brake is arranged to assume “ON”
position unless operator holds it on “OFF”
position
TYPES OF DAVIT
Radial Davits
 Generally obsolete but may be found on older
vessels.
 Compose of manually hauled block and rope
tackle at each end of the lifeboat.
 Skill is required to lift, swing out and lower the
lifeboat.
Luffing Davits
- Only found on some older vessels. Use worm
screw to turned the boat manually
- Some smaller modern vessel have hydraulically
operated luffing davits.
Gravity Davits
- Use the boats own weight on launch.

- May be pivoted or arranged on roller
track way.
- Launched by lifting brake handle to:
swing out the boat, plumb it over the
side, then lowered to the water.
- Handle have counter weight, if
released, launch is interrupted.
- Lowering speed controlled by
centrifugal brake.
Gravity Davits
Gravity Davits
Tricing pendants and Bowsing-in tackles
- Used to bring lifeboat alongside and clear the
ship's side without penduluming.
Wire Gripes
- Used to secure the boat when in stowed position
so that the falls are not permanently under load.
- With safety features when the gripes are secured.
Gravity Davits
"Harbour Pins"
- Used as locking device while adjusting the falls
- Prevent use of the davit in port
"Overhead" gravity davits

- Designed to give free deck area underneath the
lifeboat.
Free Fall Launching
- Freefall lifeboats are (TELB)

stowed in a skid at the stern of
cargo vessel (over 85m length)
- Launched bow first, with its full
complement on board and released
into the sea without any restraining
apparatus.
- Must make positive headway
immediately after water entry
Free Fall Launching
- Boarded through aft with access to

seats on aisle.
- Seats can be front facing or rear
facing.
- Occupants are strapped to seats with
belts, body straps and sometimes
head straps.
Freefall Launching Procedure
-
• If release hook is opened, slides on skid, has

short free fall and enters the water, sails away
and reaches a safe distance in seconds.
• Capacity varies between 8 and 90 people.
• ensures that even under a list of 20° and a trim
up to 10°, the release angle is still sufficient for
a safe launch.
Freefall Launching Procedure
- To prevent accidental or premature release, safe-

guards are built to release only inside the boat
with at least two independent actions.
- Can be tested without actual release of lifeboat.
- Have secondary mode of launching by wire fall
that is also used for recovery.
- And may use ship's power connected to main and
emergency power supply.
Float free arrangement
Some of the free fall lifeboat are

automatically released when the ship sinks.
A schematic picture as
shown.
This is not obligatory.
Retrieval
The free fall davit has hydraulic driven A-frame and

winch (A-frame shown in stowed and lifting position).
The retrieval of the lifeboat is done by falls,
connected to the off-load hooks at the boat.
The retrieval can be a 3-point

sling with or without spreader.
Retrieval
- Done by a davit system with hydraulic
driven A-frame and hydraulic driven winch.
- A-frame is shown in stowed and in lifting

position.
Off-load release
Normal method of
launch wherein the
release is conducted
when the lifeboat is
fully waterborne and
there is no load on the
hooks.
On-load release
This operation is
conducted when the
lifeboat is not fully
waterborne.
On-load/off-load release gear
system
 The release gear system
consists of fore and aft
hooks, a release handle near
the steering console,
hydrostatic unit and
associated cables.
 Hooks release operation at
release handle near the
steering console through
control cables terminating
at the fore and aft hooks.
 Hydrostatic interlock unit
to prevent release hooks
when boat is not
waterborne.
 On-load release function
which over-ride the
interlock
 Incorrect on-load release
operation may cause
fatalities
Fore and aft hook units
Structure and parts names: The fore and aft
hooks are generally identical except for the
direction of installation.
Releasing
.
Resetting: Hook unit
Resetting: Release handle unit
Structure and parts names:
Operation
Operation
Hydrostatic interlock unit
Marine Evacuation System (MES),
comprises a slide or chute which allows
passengers and crew to quickly evacuate
into a survival craft.
It may deliver evacuees directly into rafts or
to a platform where the liferafts are
boarded.
System in action
Controlled descent
Access through the chute stowage box.

Remote Liferaft Release
Allow liferaft to be stored far from MES system.

May be stored anywhere on deck, or in inaccessible
locations.
Remotely release liferaft and immediately ready to
operate.
COMMON CAUSES OF LIFEBOAT
ACCIDENTS AS NOTED BY MARITIME
SAFETY COMMITTEE
1. On-load release failure;

2. Inadvertent operation of on-load release
mechanism;
3. Inadequate maintenance of lifeboats, davits
and launching equipment;
4. Communication failures
5. Unfamiliarity with lifeboats, davits,
equipment and controls
6. Unsafe practices during lifeboat drills
and inspections; and
7. Design faults other than on-load
release mechanisms.
The Committee draw the attention

manufacturers, owners, crews and
classification societies to take
necessary action to prevent further
accidents with lifeboats.
MEASURES TO PREVENT
ACCIDENTS WITH LIFEBOATS
- Display of illustrations or photos showing the

operation of lifeboat system:
- Flow of operation explained
- Detailed operation explained with figures.
- Show movement direction of moving parts
and gears
- Symbols to indicate hazards, precautions
and notes specific to the level of risk.
Example of various levels of risk and
symbols
For the highest level of risk, such as in the

explanation of “on-load release operation”,
the following symbol (red background)
should be used with a warning statement
similar to the following:
Note: International standard symbols
recommend the ‘graduated’ symbols.
For the second highest level of risk, such
as in the explanation of “davit arm stop
release operation”, the following symbol
(yellow background) should be used with a
caution statement similar to the following:
For less critical mandatory instructions the
following symbol (blue background) should
be used with appropriate instruction:
Important notes may be emphasized with
symbol and style of instructions similar to the
following:
Prohibited actions should use the following

symbol (coloured red) and style of instruction:
Lifeboat Incident
(click on the picture to play)
Launching operation
1 Preparation before launching:
Operation Guide Schematic

Diagram
1 Prepare transceivers, and confirm
the communication condition.
<Activity on the ship>
<In case of drill>

2 Connect the push-button switch
for recovering to the receptacle.
Preparation before launching…
Diagram
<In case of drill>
Turn on the power switch of start
panel.
3 Detach the cable for the storage
battery charge.
4 Don life jackets.
Setting of painter

Diagram
1 Confirm the connection of the
painter on the painter release device
of the lifeboat.
<Activity on the lifeboat>
2 Confirm the connection of the painter
as far forward as practicable inboard
of the falls but outboard of
everything else.
Release of safety pin (if fitted) for winch
hand brake lever
Operation Guide Schematic Diagram

1 Pull out the safety
pin (if fitted).

Release of davit arm stopper
Go up to the platform of the davit system
(platform for boarding the lifeboat).
Diagram
1 Wind the boat fall manually to
take off the slack. Pull out the
safety pin of the davit arm stop,
if fitted.
Note: Safety pins are generally
intended only for use during
maintenance or in port.
Release of davit arm stopper…
Diagram
2 Release the davit arm stop by
operating the handle.

Boarding the lifeboat
Diagram
1 Confirm that the remote
control wire is drawn into the
lifeboat.
2 Open the lifeboat boarding
door and board the lifeboat.
<Activity on the ship> and
<Activity in the lifeboat>
Boarding the lifeboat…
3. Ensure the bottom plug
is fitted and tight.
4. Turn on the power supply
switch.
5. Open the fuel oil valve.

Boarding the lifeboat…
6. Confirm that the cooling
seawater valve is open.
7. Close the drain valve on
exhaust pipe.
8. Fasten seatbelt.
Launching procedure
Diagram
1. Confirm that all crew
boarded in the lifeboat are
seated and their seatbelts
are fastened.
2. Start engine.
Launching procedure…
3. Pull down the winch remote
control wire.
No. Operation Guide Schematic Diagram
Confirm that the lifeboat is

1 waterborne.
Pull out the release handle
2 safety pin.
Pull the release handle to
3 the fully open position by
one action.
Confirm that the lifeboat is
as close as possible to the
1 water surface, but that the
hydrostatic interlock is not
triggered.
Pull out the release handle

safety pin.
2
Open the hydrostatic interlock
cover.
3
Lift the hydrostatic interlock

lever fully and hold it.
4
Pull the release handle to the

fully open position by one
5 action.

Painter release and lifeboat operation
1 Release the painter.
Lifeboat operation
Ahead, astern, turning,
2
spray, lighting of interior
light and canopy light, and
other performances.
Recovery procedure
The recovery procedure to be in accordance with
the following steps only after completing the
release gear resetting.
Method of checking proper closure
of release hooks
Safe use and operation of lifeboats in
maintenance, inspection and drills depends
on knowing that the release gear is properly
reset.
Ensuring release hook closure
The first thing to check when entering lifeboat
supported by falls is release lever and hook are in
lock position: (As shown)
Diagram
1 Check that the reset lever on each
hook is horizontal and in contact with
its stop.
2 Check that the release handle is in
the closed (locked) position and safety
pin is installed.
Resetting procedure of release hook
No Operation Guide Schematic

. Diagram
Lift the fore and aft hooks and hold
them closed.
1
Simultaneously swing down the reset

levers on both fore and aft hooks in one
2 continuous action to contact with the
stop. The release handle returns to its closed
(locked) position automatically when the
reset levers are swung down.
Resetting procedure of release hook
Confirm the fore and aft
hooks are in the normal reset
3 positions.

Make sure that the release
handle is in the closed
4 (locked) position and insert
the safety pin.

Connection of the suspension link…
No. RECOVERY PROCEDURE Schematic

Operation Guide Diagram
1 Manuever the lifeboat to
come under boat falls.
Adjust the heights of the
suspension links by raising
or lowering the boat falls.
2 under good Communication.
3 Insert the safety pin of the

boat
Winch handbrake.
4 Connect the suspension links

of the davit simultaneously to
both, fore and aft hooks.
Hoist the lifeboat just clear of

the water and stop hoisting.
5 Confirm that the fore and aft
hooks are properly connected.
<Activity on the ship> and

Confirm that the hydrostatic

interlock lever has moved to the
6 “locked” position for the lifeboat not
being waterborne.
7 Where the resetting is incomplete, return to the

first step.
Do not conduct recovery operation of the lifeboat

unless the above procedures are fully completed.
Hoisting the lifeboat
Hoist the lifeboat by operating
the winch using the push-
1 button switch following the
instruction by the officer in
charge.
Hoist the lifeboat until

2 the winch is stopped
by the limit switch.

Hoisting the lifeboat…
Disembark from the

lifeboat.
3 <Activity on the ship> and

<Activityin the lifeboat>
Stowage procedure

Hoist the davit arm
1 manually.

Confirm that the davit
arm is in contact with
2 the stop on platform.
Detach the manual hoisting
handle.
3
4 Set the davit arm stop immediately.
Insert the safety pin to the davit
arm stop handle.
5
Note: Safety pins are generally
intended only for use during
maintenance or in port.
Lower the suspension block on the
davit horn by releasing the
6 handbrake of the winch.

Install and tighten the auto
release gripe, if fitted.
Tighten the auto release gripe
7 rope with the turnbuckle.

Connect the painter to the
painter release hook on the
8 bow of lifeboat.

Recovery of Lifeboats
(click on the picture to play)
Launching in Rough Seas
Launching in rough sea should be avoided,

If so required, precision and care is taken to
reduce danger to boat and its occupant.
No standard method been prescribed, therefore
use of items below is encourage…..
The hanging-off pendants and

Foul-weather recovery strop
Hanging Off Pendant and Recovery
Strop
 The hanging-off pendants is attached to

remove the recovery strop so that boat
can be hooked up to fall block lifting ring
during recovery.
 Used also for inspection and maintenance
of on-load release hooks and other
equipment.
SEA PAINTER
Made fast by its strop eye and toggle pin on boats
bow to ship's side.
 When waterborne, the bow won’t sheer away if
ship is moving ahead.
 Another strop outboard near the bow is use to
tow the boat parallel to ship.
 May be fitted with retrieving line.
 Steering oar used to hold boat alongside
 If dead in the water or has sternway, not to
sheer away.
. . .SEA PAINTER
Length adjusted that boat drops back alongside

the embarkation ladder directly under the falls.
 Remove toggle pin to cast off as directed.
 Sea painter tended from ship by retrieving line
or hung in a bight forward of davits for pick up
on return.
 A "sternfast" may be usde from the boat's stern
to prevent from surging forward.
Clearing the ship’s side
In a lifeboat:
Clearing ship’s side using the engine:

• let go the painter line connected to ship;
• fend off the lifeboat away from the abandoned
ship;
• full throttle ahead away form the sinking ship
and towards the wind direction to not less than
¼ mile;
• Deploy the sea anchor
Clearing the ship’s side under oars:
• Pull painter line to gain momentum

while fending off the side of the ship;
and
• maneuver away using oars from the
side of the sinking vessel.
Davit Launched Liferaft
Preparing for Launching:
1. The Master decides which side to launch.
2. Painter line secured to ship. In force at all times.
3. Fast container retaining lines to deck.
4. Secure bowsing lines to deck cleats.
5. Undo securing strap.
6. Remove rubber flap and pull out shackle.
7. Lower lifting hook and engage shackle. An
attached leverage bar assists engagement.
1. Use hand crank, lift raft and swing
outboard.
2. Pull painter line to inflate, the container
opens and the shells hang on their
securing lines.
3. Liferafts fully inflate in less than 3
minutes.
LIFTING AND INFLATING THE
RAFT
1. Using the hand crank, lift the raft off

and swing it outboard.
2. Pull the painter line until the raft’s
inflation system is triggered.
3. The liferaft will fully inflate in less than 3
minutes.
EMBARKING PERSONNEL
1. Adjust the bowsing lines to bring raft

tightly alongside the deck edge.
1. Adjust davit to gain the proper height.
2. Embark the personnel and distribute the

load evenly.
3. Fill the raft up to the designated
capacity.
LOWERING AND RELEASING
1. When loaded, clear bowsing lines and ease brake
to lower away.
1. For last raft, person in charge may use auxiliary
brake release wire from entrance.

2. Pull release lanyard to activate the “off-load”
release capability when raft is near the water.
• Weight of raft keeps hook closed.
• When ‘unloaded’ or waterborne, spring pressure
opens hook and release the raft.
Launching Instructions
AUTOMATIC LAUNCHING
When ship sinks to not more than 4m:
• Hydrostatic release activates to release and
free life raft container.
• The container will rise to the surface.
• The pull of sinking ship triggers the inflation of
life raft and cause the container bands to part.
• The life raft will be completely inflated and
ready for boarding.
• The buoyancy of life raft and pull of sinking
causes the weak link to break.
• Boarding the raft may commence.
MANUAL LAUNCHING OF LIFE RAFT
• Release tie-down straps by pulling the hook

on HRU
• Secure painter to cleat (free of tangles)
• DO NOT REMOVE container bands, it break
automatically when operating cord is pulled.
• Throw the liferaft overboard.
• Pull on the operating cord/painter. Life raft
automatically inflates.
MANUAL LAUNCHING OF LIFE RAFT
 Leave operating cord attached to cleat.
 Board life raft as soon as possible.
 Remove knife from pocket on the canopy.
 Cut operating cord to free raft from
sinking ship.
 Read the survival manuals found inside
the raft. These will give you complete
instructions on what to do while you are in
the liferaft.
Five easy steps to launch a
liferaft
Activities after launching liferaft
GETTING ABOARD THE LIFE RAFT
ife raft may be boarded by any one of these

procedures:
 By climbing down a ladder.
 By jumping into the canopy.
 By entering from the ship or from the sea
Stay dry by climbing down a ladder, net, or line until
within 4 feet of the raft. Then jump into the open
canopy entrance. Land on the floor with the balls of
your feet. (If landed with heels, you could fall
backwards.)
Clearing from shipside:
In a lifeboat:
 Clearing ship’s side using the engine:
 let go the painter line connected to
ship;
 fend off lifeboat away from abandoned
ship;
 full throttle ahead wind ward not less
than ¼ mile;
 Deploy the sea anchor
Clearing from shipside:
• In a liferaft:
• Cut the painter as far as one could, it
maybe utilized to tie to another survival
craft later;
• Paddle or use sea anchor or both to
move away from the abandoned ship;
and
• Deploy sea anchor to minimize drift and
wait for motorized survival craft for pick-
up.
Abandonment Difficulties
If the ship is making headway during
abandonment, difficulties may arise:
 Craft may be stuck to side of ship;

 Disengaging the off-load release
hook in davit launched liferaft
 Boarding the craft using the ladder.
Abandonment Difficulties
Action to take:
- Keep the painter line taut
- Use the boat hook to fend off
- Running the engine at the same pace as the
vessel
- Maintaining the stability of the craft as
practicable.
Marshalling of liferafts
1.Boats on passenger ships are

sufficient for the total number of
persons onboard
1. Rescue boat are used to marshal
liferafts, clear and pick up survivors
in the sea
2. No more than six liferafts need be
marshalled by each boat; and
3. Not more than nine liferafts if
engaged on short international
voyages .
Rescuing survivors from sea
1.A search for survivors usually takes place
around the entire area of and near the
abandoned site.
2.Missing personnel may be unconscious and
floating low in the water.
Pick up survivor from the water
When rescuing survivor from the water:
- Throw a life preserver attached to a line

- Send rescuer with line attached to flotation
device to help in the recovery of the
survivor.
- The least acceptable technique
is to send a rescuer without a

line and flotation device to
retrieve a survivor.
 In all cases, the rescuer wears a life
preserver. Strength of panic-stricken person
should not be underestimated. Careful
approach prevent injury to rescuer.
 Approach survivor from behind and grasps
life preserver's back strap and uses the

sidestroke to drag the
survivor to the raft.
Anyone entering the water to assist
a survivor must have a line
attachment
Boarding Injured Personnel:
In a lifeboat:
- Can be difficult, especially if hurt, weak, or
unconscious
- Use of life slings, swim platforms, ladders
or brute strength are needed
- Horizontal position is ideal.
Into the Liferaft
With two people:
1.Place their outboard knees on the top of
the buoyancy tube.
2. Turn injured person’s back toward
them.
3. Grab the lifejacket with inboard hands.
4. Outboard hands, grab upper arms.
5. Push injured person slightly down into
the water and using his buoyancy to
spring up and over into the liferaft,
back first.
6. Rescuers fall back to either side of
raft’s floor. This allows the injured
person to fall between them.
Actions to take when aboard a survival
craft
 Liferaft Survival Instructions
Part A - Instructions for immediate action

in a liferaft
 Part B - Instructions on how to

 survive in a liferaft
LIFERAFT SURVIVAL INSTRUCTIONS
Part A - Instructions for immediate action in a liferaft
1. Cut painter and get clear of ship.

2. Look for and pick up other survivors.
3. Ensure sea anchor streamed when clear of ship.
4. Close up entrances.
5. Read survival manual/instructions.
Part B: Instruction on how to survive
in a liferaft or lifeboat
Contents
1. Identify the person in charge
2. Post a lookout
3. Open equipment pack
4. Issue anti seasickness medicine
5. Dry liferaft floor and inflate if appropriate
6. Administer first aid if appropriate
7. Maneuver and secure liferafts together, distribute
survivors and equipment.
8. Arrange watches and duties.
9. Check correct operation, repair any damage and
ventilate if CO2 is leaking.
10. Check canopy light and conserve power.
11. Adjust canopy openings to protect from weather or
vent liferaft as appropriate.
12. Prepare radio and detection equipment.
13. Gather up useful floating objects.
14. Protect from heat, wet and cold.
15. Decide on food and water rations.
16. Take measures to maintain morale.
17. Keep liferaft habitable.
18. Top up buoyant tubes and canopy support.
19. Make proper use of survival equipment.
20. Prepare action for:
a. arrival of rescue units;
b. being taken in tow;
c. rescue by helicopter; and
d. landing and beaching.
Notes:
1. These instructions depends on situation.
2. These can stand alone or amplified to the satisfaction of
Administration.
ORGANIZING FOR SURVIVAL
The leader
1. If there are ship’s officers in the craft, senior officer
take command.
2. If there are no officers, senior crewmember with a
lifeboatman endorsement will take command.
3. If not clear who is the senior member, a leader should
be elected.
4. Leader should tell what he will be doing.
4) When doing something, explain why it’s being
5) done. It prevent worries or doubts.
ORGANIZING FOR SURVIVAL
Good leadership and high morale are very important for
survival. Good leaders create high morale, keep
survivors organized, calm and comfortable.
1. Every survivor keep a positive attitude.

2. Do not give up, believe you’ll be rescued.
3. Do everything you’ve learned to keep alive.
4. People died for they give up the fight.
Establish a Routine…
Senior person do the following:
1. Collect sharp objects or potential weapons.
2. Have a roll call.
3. Establish a routine and assign duties:
a. Ration keeper b. Lookout
c. Repair party d. Bailers
e. First aid persons f. Signaling
4. Keep the minds of survivors occupied during waking hours.
Don’t overdo it.
5. Avoid unnecessary work.
Establish a Routine…
6. Organize one hour watches in pairs. One watch with

duties outside and one with duties inside.
7. Outside:
a. Look for ships, survivors, aircraft and useful
wreckage.
b. Gather useful wreckage.
c. Flash the signal mirror all around the horizon
when the sun is shining.
Stay Together
DO NOT LEAVE THE SCENE.

1 Remain in the sinking area.
2. The old saying, “There is safety in numbers.” Use
lifeboats to collect rafts. When together rations,
equipment, knowledge and comfort can be shared.
3. Search for EPIRBS that float free.
4. Search for survivors or dead bodies. During
searches, any equipment, food or other useful debris
may be collected and shared with the group.
Use of
Survival Equipment
Lifeboat equipment
1. Buoyant oars
2. two boat-hooks;
3. a buoyant bailer and two buckets;
4. a survival manual;
5. an operational compass,
6. Sea-anchor
7. Painters
8. Two hatchets
Lifeboat equipment:
9. Watertight receptacles containing 3L of fresh water for

each person
10. A rustproof dipper with lanyard;
11. Rustproof drinking vessel;
12. Food ration not less than 10,000 kJ for each person,
13. Four rocket parachute flares;
14. Six hand flares;
15. Two buoyant smoke signals;
16. One waterproof electric torch for Morse Code
signaling;
Lifeboat equipment
17. One daylight signaling mirror

18. One copy of the life-saving signals in waterproof
card or container;
19. One whistle or equivalent sound signal;
20. First-aid outfit in waterproof case can
21. Anti-seasickness medicines for 48 h and one
seasickness bag for each person;
22. Jack-knife attached by lanyard;
23. Three tin openers;
24. Two buoyant rescue quoits, with 30m buoyant
line;
Lifeboat equipment
25. A manual pump for bailing;

26. One set of fishing tackle;
27. Tools for minor adjustments to engine and accessories;
28. Portable fire-extinguisher
29. A searchlight with horizontal & vertical sector of 6° w/
2500cd for
3 hrs continuous operation
30. An efficient radar reflector
31. TPA for 10% of lifeboat’s capacity or two, whichever is the
greater;
Liferaft Equipment
1 The normal equipment of every liferaft consist
of (SOLAS A Pack) is the same as in the lifeboat
with the exception of the following
a. Oars
b. Compass
c. Hatchet
d. Tools
e. Fire extinguisher
Additional equipment for inflatable liferafts:
Inflatable liferaft shall be provided with:
1. One repair outfit for repairing punctures
in buoyancy compartments; and
2. One topping-up pump or bellows.
The knives, tin openers and scissors shall be of the

safety type.
Equipment for Short International voyage
(“SOLAS B” Pack)
• Voyage not more than 200 miles from port where

passengers and crew could be placed in safety.
- Equipment shall be the same as in the “SOLAS A” pack

except for the food ration which is 50% less
- The marking required shall be "SOLAS B PACK" in block

capitals of the Roman alphabet.
Magnetic Compass
an instrument for indicating geographical
directions magnetically, as by the action of the
earth's magnetic field on a magnetic neddle
Handling boats in heavy seas
Requires care and skills.
a. Select heading where boat rides best, (slightly on
bow quarter).
b. Hoisting sail help steady boat in a seaway.
c. Spreading storm oil prevent seas from combing or
breaking.
d. Riding the sea anchor hold the bow to sea.
e. Sweep oar to hold course, in heavy sea, rudder will
be out of the water a great deal.
BEACHING SURVIVAL CRAFT
A. General
1 Avoid landing through surf,
a. Put on your lifejacket back before entering the surf
line.
b. Better go through a break in the reef, or a
suppression or valley in the shoreline.
c. Openings may be discovered in reefs by the action
of breakers.
d. If waves do not break, a channel is clear of rock
and coral.
e. Surf appears smoother when viewed from survival
craft, use extreme caution before entering the surf.
Study pattern before beaching.
Beaching lifeboats
1) In pulling boat (powered by rowing):
a. Keep the boat’s bow to sea;
b. row to meet breaking waves.
c. Beach the boat stern first.
d. Use the sea anchor to assist in keeping the
boat from broaching (beaching from the
side).
e. The oars may be backed if sea conditions
allow.
Beaching lifeboats
Persons should leave the boat over the stern to avoid
being swept back to sea by the undertow
2) In a power-driven boat:
a) It may be best to use oars.
b) If beaching bow first is attempted using the
engines, the sea anchor can be towed to slow the
boat for greater control.
c) Avoid fouling the propeller with the lines from the
sea anchor.
Beaching liferafts
1) Extreme caution when beaching:
a. Do not attempt at night unless
necessary.
b. Wait until daybreak to paddle the raft
ashore.
c. It may be punctured by rocks/coral.
d. Consider physical condition of
survivor
e. Open canopy curtains to reduce
resistance if going against the wind.
Beaching liferafts
2) If landing with an on shore breeze:
a. Take in sea anchor when breeze
blows toward shore.
b. Stream sea anchor at night to
prevent drifting away from shore.
c. When close to land used paddles.
However, raft is hard to paddle.
Extra work may be too much for weak survivors. It may be

necessary to rely on wind and waves.
Beaching liferafts
Effort should be made to save the boat and its
gear;
All gear should be secured and the entrances
opened to allow rapid escape; and
The raft should be carried clear of the beach to
provide continuing shelter for survivors.
Sea breezes near land
1) Near the shore, an onshore wind pushing towards the
beach are likely to be present after the sun rises and
begins to heat the land.
2) In daytime, the sun heats the air over land. The heavier
air over the water moves toward the shore, to replace
the heated, lighter air.
3) In this way sea breezes are created.
4) Sea breezes sometimes blow over 15 knots and can
be much stronger when they are in the same direction
as the normal wind.
5) The wind caused by atmospheric pressure over the
area.
6)
Sea Breeze Circulation
SAR
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students will
be able to:
1. Describe the following communication
equipment:
a) Two Way VHF Radio
b) EPIRB
c) SART
2. Demonstrate the proper use of the following
pyrotechnics:
a) Parachute flare c) smoke signal
b) Hand flare d) heliograph
Lesson Objectives
3. Explain the body mechanism against
hypothermia and the methods of rewarming
4. Enumerate the heat injuries and its
immediate medication
5. Describe the first aid treatment of frost bite
6. State the methods of controlling bleeding
7. Describe the first aid treatment of burns
8. Discuss the vessel preparation during the
helicopter medical evacuation
Two Way VHF Radio
ITU Performance Requirement for Two Way
VHF Radio (Resolution A.694(17))
- Use for on scene communication between
craft and the vessel
- Can be operated while wearing gloves
- Withstand a drop of 1m to hard surface
- Watertight to a depth of 1 m for 5 min
- No sharp projections which could damage
survival craft;
Two Way VHF Radio
- Highly visible yellow/orange color or
marked with a surrounding yellow/orange
marking strip.
- Frequency 156.800 MHz (VHF channel
16) and at least one additional channel
- Single frequency voice communication
only
- Not affected by open-circuiting or short-
circuiting the antenna.
- Antenna is vertically polarized and omni-
directional in the horizontal plane
TWO-WAY VHF RADIO…
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
- On/off switch with visual indicator
- Manual volume control
- Squelch (mute) control and a channel selection
switch.
- Channel selection clearly discernible.
- Channel 16 indicator is visible in all ambient light
conditions.
- During transmit, output of the receiver is muted.
TWO-WAY VHF
RADIOTELEPHONE APPARATUS
The equipment should comprise at least:
1 an integral transmitter/receiver including
antenna and battery;
2 an integral control unit including a press-to-
transmit switch; and
3 an internal microphone and loudspeaker.
POWER SUPPLY
- Integrated power supply maybe replaceable
- May use an external source of electrical energy.
- Provided with a dedicated primary battery for use in
the event of a distress situation.
- Battery equipped with a non-replaceable seal to
indicate that it has not been used.
- Battery capacity to ensure 8- hour operation
- Shelf life of primary battery - 2 years

- With color or marking to prevent confusion with
replaceable
TWO-WAY VHF RADIO…
LABELLING
.1 brief operating instructions
.2 expiry date for the primary batteries.
Vessel Requirement
3 Radios - for passenger and cargo vessel
with 500 GRT and up
2 Radio – for Cargo vessel with 300 GRT but
less than 500
FLOAT-FREE (EPIRBs) ON 406 MHz
Performance Standard:
1. Can transmit distress alert to
polar orbiting satellite.
2. Automatic float free
3. Electrical portion is watertight at a
depth of 10m for 5 min
4. Not affected by marine
environment, condensation and
water leakage
5. Automatically Activated after
floating free
performance standards…
6. Manual activation and manual deactivation;
7. With means to indicate that signals are being
emitted;
8. Float upright in calm water and have positive
stability & sufficient buoyancy
in all sea conditions;
9. Dropped into the water without
damage at 20 m high
10. Can be tested without using the
satellite system
11. Visible yellow/orange colour and be
fitted with retro-reflecting material;
Performance standards…
12. With buoyant lanyard use as a tether,
13. With a low duty cycle light (0.75 cd) to
indicate position
14. Not be unduly affected by sea water or oil
15. With 121.5 MHz beacon for homing aircraft.
16. Battery capacity can operate for at least 48
hrs.
performance standards…
- Operates while mounted over ranges of
shock, vibration and other conditions
- Designed to float free before reaching 4 m
- EPIRB should not be automatically
activated after manually removed from the
release mechanism.
-
LABELLING
Clearly indicated on the exterior of the

equipment:
.1 brief operating instructions;
.2 expiry date for the primary battery
used
.3 the identity code programmed into
the transmitter.
DISTRESS FUNCTION
1. Distress alert initiated only by means of a
dedicated distress alert activator.
2. The dedicated activator should:
.1 be clearly identified; and
.2 be protected against inadvertent operation.
3. Manual distress alert
initiation require two
independent actions.
4. Should not be automatically activated after
manually removed from the release function
COSPAS/SARSAT
1. The EPIRB receives position information via GPS and

transmits the distress call via COSPAS/SARSAT
2. COSPAS/SARSAT satellites relay the distress call to the
Land User Terminal (LUT).
3. The Land User Terminal station forwards the distress
call not only via X.25 but also via satellite to the nearest
Mission Coordination Centre (MCC). This increases the
reliability and raises the redundancy.
4. The COSPAS/SARSAT satellite relay the call to several
receivers :
Search & Rescue Transponder
(SART)
- Detect and react to the pulse
emissions of X-band radars then
transmit signals which is displayed on
the screen of the radar which activated
it.
- SART has a receiver which scans
for UHF signals between 9.2 and 9.5
GHz - the frequencies on which an X-
band radar transmits its signal.
Search and Rescue Transponder
(SART)
- Standby condition - 96 hours
- Transmission - 8 hours
Vessel Requirement
- Vessels below 500 GRT- 1 SART
- Above 500 GRT - 2 SART
Operation and Test Procedures
- As the SART detects a signal it
immediately transmits its own signal on the
same frequency. This signal consists of a
series of twelve pulses and these are
displayed on the screen of the radar as a
series of twelve echoes with
a gap of .06 miles
Effective Range
Height/Position Effective Range
Flat on the floor 1.8 miles
Upright on the floor 2.5 miles
Two meters 7-10 miles
Operation and Test Procedures…
-To check the operation, briefly turn on and
expose it to transmissions of ship's radar,
concentric circles will flood the screen.
- Such test is conducted monthly and kept short
so as not to shorten battery life
-Test is conducted when no other vessel within
radar range.
- Vessel looking for SART use a range of 6 or 12
miles on the radar for optimum results.
Operation and Test Procedures…
- Search aircraft with X-band radar able to detect
from at least 30 miles at an altitude of around
3,000 feet.
SARTs is checked weekly for physical damage
and expiration of battery, normally indicated on
manufacturer's plate affixed to SART.
Signaling Equipment
 Lifeboat and Liferaft:
 Four Rocket parachute flares
 Six Hand flares
 Two Buoyant Smoke signal
 One Electric Torch for Morse signaling with bulb
and batteries in waterproof container
 One daylight signaling mirror
 Radar reflector
 One whistle
 One copy of life saving signals
Demonstration
 how to use the daylight signaling mirror
 rocket parachute flares
 hand flares
 buoyant smoke float/signals
- Pyrotechnics should only be used on the
instructions of the person in charge of the craft
- Not less than 12 rocket parachute flares, shall be
carried and be stowed on or near the navigation
bridge.
Main specification
1. Type:Jh1-300-86
2. Fired altitude:>=300m
3. Flare color: It burn with a bright red
color.
4. Average luminous intensity: >30,000cd
5. Burning period:>=40s
6. Rate of descent: <5m/s
7. Period of acceptability: 3 years
Main Specification
1. Type:JH2-50-94 Jh2-60-86
2. Flare color: It burn with a bright
red color.
3. Average luminous
intensity:>15,000cd
4. Burning period:>1 min
5. Capability of continues burning:
It continue to burn after having
been immersed for a period of
10s under 100 mm of water.
Period of acceptability: 3 years.
Main Specification
1. Type: JH 3-2-86
2. Smoke colour: Orange
3. Emit smoke period: >=3 min
4. Capability of continue
burning: Continue to emit smoke
when submerged in water for a period
of 10s under 100mm of water.
5. Period of acceptability: 3 years.
Hypothermia
- Loss of body heat is the greatest hazard to the
survival of a person at sea.
- Body heat loss is a gradual process at 5°C in
calm water, a person normally dressed
has a 50% chance of surviving
- Your body has accurate system to
regulate core temperature at 37°C
Your Body
- On a warm day the blood vessels will enlarge
allowing more blood to flow to the outer layer
and increase body heat loss and keep the core
temperature from rising.
- If the surroundings are cool, your body will
narrow the blood vessels in the outer
layer and keep that valuable body heat from
being lost too rapidly.
- You must help your body in maintaining
temperature at 37 C
Hypothermia
Loss of body heat is the greatest hazard to the
survival of a person at sea.
-Factors that affect the rate of body heat loss
1. water and air temperature;
2. wind speed;
3. sea conditions;
4. length of time spent in the water;
5. protective clothing worn;
6. body type of the survivor;
Hypothermia…
7. mental and health status of the survivor;
8. level of alcohol and certain drugs in the
survivor’s body; and
9. manner in which the survivor conducts
himself.
During exposure, the body tries to
combat the excessive heat loss both by
narrowing its surface blood vessels and
by shivering.
Hypothermia…
-However, if the exposure is severe, shivering is
replaced by muscle stiffness and pupils may be
enlarge.
- The heartbeat becomes irregular, slow and weak,
pulse is barely detectable.
-Death may occur at any stage and it is difficult to
determined is the person is alive or dead
-- Death by hypothermia is defined as a failure
to revive on re-warming.
Treatment of Hypothermia…
- Remove victim from hypothermia environment
- Replace wet clothing with dry and wrap in
blankets to insulate from cold
- Provide extra heat for the body
- If conscious give plenty of hot sweet drink and
food if possible.
- Victim will most likely suffer relapses
unless special precautions are taken
Treatment: immersed…
The recommended first-aid measures for
such an immersion survivor are as follows:
1. Check ABC.
2. If not breathing, clear the airway and
give two ventilations (mouth-to-
mouth or mouth-to-nose).
3. If the heart appears to have stopped
beating then cardiac compressions
may be applied.
4. If breathing but unconscious, place on
recovery position
5. Avoid manhandling, do not even remove
wet clothes; do not massage.
6. Prevent further heat loss
7. Provide “active” or “passive” “rewarming”
8. In a warm room, removed clothing, wrap in
blanket
9. Forced warm air under the blanket
(40 deg C)“active” rewarming or
place hot pack under the
blanket or body to body
(passive)
If the victim is breathing:
1. Insulate to prevent further heat loss. Avoid
unnecessary manhandling, leave wet clothes
on and enclose in blankets and/or plastic bag.
2. Lay down in the unconscious position
3. Oxygen should be given if available.
4. If water was inhaled, encourage deep
breathing and coughing.
5. Request medical assistance.
6. Re-warm the person by either the “active” or
“passive” method.
Checklist for Cold Water Survival
1. Plan your emergency moves in advance!
2. Know how your survival equipment works.
3. Even in the tropics, wear many layers of
clothing. Wear an immersion suit if available.
4. Put on a lifejacket as soon as possible.
5. Try to board the lifeboat or raft
dry . Take anti-seasickness
medicine as soon as possible.
6. Enter the water gradually.
Checklist
7. Swim only to a safe refuge nearby.
8. Try to float in the water with your legs together,
elbows to your side, and arms across your chest.
9. Keep as much skin as possible out of the water!
10 Huddling close to others will conserve body
heat.
11. Force yourself to have the will
to survive. This will make the
difference between life and
death.
Video clip
RESCUE BREATHING
(ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION)
A procedure of
causing air to flow
into and out of a
person’s lungs
when his natural
breathing stops of
is inadequate.
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
(RESCUE BREATHING)
 Ratio: 1 Ventilation in every 5 seconds

 Cycle: 12 times per minute
 Length of ventilation: 1½- 2 seconds/blow
 Procedure: Blow, 1, 1002, 1003, 100
# of cycles, Blow
CARDIO PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
 A combination of
Rescue Breathing and
External Chest
Compression
CARDIO PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
Ratio: 30 compressions: 2 ventilations
Cycle: 5 times in 2 minutes

Area of Compression: lower half of the sternum
or breastbone
Depth of Compression: 1½- 2 inches
Counting: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,
17,18,19,20
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and
# of cycle, 2 Blows
First-aid outfits
(AMSA Marine Orders Part 25 Issue 4)
Contents:
A first-aid outfit for a lifeboat, a life-raft or a
rescue boat on ship must at least include the
following:
 four standard dressings No. 14,
medium,
 four standard dressings No. 15, large
First-aid outfits: Contents...
 six triangular bandages with sides measuring
approximately one metre;
 ten open weave bandages measuring 75
millimetres by 5 metres;
 one packet containing not less than a one metre
continuous length of self-adhesive waterproof
wound dressing of at least 60 millimetres width;
Contents...
 two 50 gram tubes of Cetrimide cream 0.5 per
cent (antiseptic cream);
 fifty 500 mg Paracetamol tablets (analgesic
tablets);
 one pair of rustless, stainless metal scissors
measuring at least 10 centimetres with one
sharp and one blunt point;
 12 rustless, stainless metal safety pins of
assorted sizes;
Contents...
 one packet containing not less than 10 paraffin
gauze dressings for burns
 one small packet of Silica gel; and
 first-aid instructions, including instructions for
the use of the first aid outfit and narcotic drugs
Treatment of wounds
 Stop bleeding
 Prevent infection
PROCEDURE:
1 Expose the wound
 Apply direct pressure on the wound area by a
suitable dressing. Make sure the wound is
covered by the dressing.
 Other methods includes elevation of injured
part or applying indirect pressure to different
pressure points
Treatment of wounds…
Tourniquet:
- Unless a tourniquet is correctly applied it does
more harm than good, and it may increase the
bleeding. Torrential bleeding from large artery
requiring tourniquet are very rare. Firm pressure
over the bleeding point with elevation will often
stop the bleeding. Add further
dressing if necessary but do not
disturb the original dressing
Treatment of shock
Shock is a state of collapse of the body system
which may occur following severe bleeding
from wounds, burns, scalds, blast, broken
bones, extensive bruises or any serious injury.
PROCEDURE
 Lay the person as flat as possible.
 Keep him or her warm (but avoid overheating).
 Give frequent drinks of water.
 Inject Morphine (or equivalent) if restless or pain is
severe.
Burns
Three levels of burns
There are three levels of burns:
First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of
the skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling.
Second-degree burns affect both the outer and
underlying layer of skin. They cause pain,
redness, swelling, and blistering.
Third-degree burns extend into deeper tissues.
They cause white or blackened, charred skin
that may be numb.
Care…
FOR MINOR BURNS – First and
Second Degree –
Minor burns will usually heal without further

treatment. However, if a second-degree burn
covers an area more than 2 to 3 inches in
diameter, or if it occurred on the hands, feet, face,
groin, buttocks, or a major joint, then treat the
burn as a major burn
Care…
If the skin is unbroken,
run cool water over the
area of the burn. A clean,
cold, wet towel will also
help reduce pain.
Calm and reassure the
person.
After flushing for several
minutes, cover the burn
with a sterile bandage (if
available) or clean cloth.
Treatment of burns
FOR MAJOR BURNS:
If burns are severe there will be shock.
1. A fresh burn is a clean wound. The aim is to
prevent infection from contamination
2. Do not prick or remove blisters.
3. Cover the whole burnt area lightly with
loosely applied parafin gauze.
Treatment of burns…
4 If all bandages have been used, cover the burnt
area with other clean material.
5 Burns of the hand or arm should be supported
by triangular bandage.
6 If swelling occurs loosen bandages
For Major Burns
DO NOT:
- Do not apply ointment, butter, ice medication,
fluffy cotton dressing, adhesive bandages, cream
- Do not allow the burn to be contaminated
- Do not break blisters or scrub dead skin
- Do not remove clothing that is stuck to the skin
- Do not give the person anything by mouth
- Do not immerse a severe burn in cold water. This
can cause shock
Treatment of fractures
1. Do not remove clothing unless necessary to
treat a wound nearby.
2. Do not try to set the broken limb.
3. Immobilize the affected limb as far as possible.
4. Use splint that is longer than the limb

Treatment of fractures…
4. For breaks at the collar bone, shoulder, arm or
wrist apply sling using a triangular bandage.
5. Broken thigh. Bandage limb to a long splint if
available or bandage both legs together using
folded triangular bandages.
6. Broken foot or ankle. Bandage lightly and keep
as still as possible.
Treatment of fractures…
7. Bandages which become too
tight MUST be loosened.
8. If pain is severe give
injection of morphine 15
mg, or equivalent.
Treatment of frostbite
Frostbite and Immersion Foot…
-Causes:
- This occurs when feet are immersed in cold
water for many hours.
-Symptoms:
- The feet become swollen, white and numb and
the skin may become broken and ulcerate
-Prevention
Keep out of contact with water. Wear
seaboots. If socks become wet, empty the boots,
wring out socks and replace them speedily. Keep
moving feet and toes.
Immersion foot
Immersion foot: Treatment
TREATMENT
1. Dry feet very gently. DO NOT rub skin.
2. Apply antiseptic cream to any area where skin is
broken.
3. Protect with loosely applied turns of bandages.
4. Keep patient warm but allow feet to warm up as
slowly as possible. Keep limb elevated if
possible.
5. Morphine 15 mg or equivalent may be given for
the severe pain which may occur on recovery.
Treatment of drowning and semi-drowning
1. Act quickly, seconds count
2. Clear the mouth of any obstruction, i.e. weeds etc.
3. Extend the head backwards, supporting the nape of
the neck.
4. Lift the lower jaw forward by pressing forward behind
the angle of the jaw below the ear
5. This maneuver lifts the tongue forward to open the
airway into the lungs.
6. Once the airway is clear the patient may gasp and
draw breath spontaneously.
7. If this does not happen apply rescue breathing
Heat Related Illness
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat
stroke are conditions caused by
overexposure to heat.
Heat cramps
Heat cramps are painful “muscle spasms”. They
usually occur in the legs and abdomen.
- Have the victim rest in a cool place. Give cool
water or a commercial sports drink.
- Rest and fluids are all the person needs to
recover.
- Lightly stretch the muscle and gently massage
the area.
- The victim should not take salt tablets or salt
water.
Heat exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is a more severe condition than
heat cramps.It often affects athletes, fire lighters,
construction workers, and factory workers who
are wearing heavy clothing in a hot, humid
environment.
- Symptoms:
- Cool, moist, pale, or flushed skin, headache,
nausea, dizziness, weakness, and exhaustion.
- Treatment:
- Rest the victim in a cool shady place and
loosened clothing
- Give cold drinks gradually
Heat stroke
Heat stroke is the least common but most
severe heat emergency. It most often occurs
when people ignore the signals of heat
exhaustion. Develops when the body systems
are overwhelmed by heat and begin to stop
functioning.
- Symptoms:
- Heat stroke is a serious medical emergency.
The signals of heat stroke include red
- hot, dry skin; changes in consciousness
- rapid, weak pulse; and rapid, shallow
- breathing.
Heat stroke…
Treatment:
-Get the victim out of the heat.
- Loosen any tight clothing and apply cool, wet
cloths, such as towels or sheets.
- If conscious, give cool water to drink gradually.
(one glass every 15 min)
- Let the victim rest in a comfortable position,
- If victim refuses water and vomits, it means his
condition worsen , call the ambulance immediately
-Apply ice pack at the groin, armpit, neck, wrist
Do not apply rubbing alcohol
--
Contamination by fuel oil
Symptoms & Signs
- Difficulty of breathing
- Throat swelling
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Severe pain or burning in the nose, eyes
- Necrosis (holes) in the skin or underlying tissues
Contamination by oil…
First Aid Treatment
- DO NOT INDUCE EMESIS (VOMITING)!
- If the substance is on skin or in eyes, flush
with lots of water for at least 15 minutes.
- If the substance is swallowed, give water or
milk IMMEDIATELY.
- For inhalation poisoning, remove person to
fresh air.
- Call the Poison Control Center for guidance.
Contamination by oil…
First Aid Treatment
- Before calling the Poison Control center,
determine the following :
- Patients’ age weight and condition
- The name of the product
- The time it was swallowed

Evacuation from Ship with Helicopter for
Winching Operations
 Information between ship and helicopter shall be

exchanged and understood.
 Information and instructions about rendezvous
positions, etc., may be through shore-based radio
stations.
- A direct radio link may be established
with a marine VHF FM radio on
Channel 16
Vessel Preparation
The exchanged information between the
helicopter and the vessel:
 position of the vessel
 course and speed to the rendezvous position
 local weather conditions
 how to identify the vessel from the air
(such as flags, orange smoke signals,

spotlights, or daylight signaling lamps).
Safety Preparations
A briefing to discuss the safety aspects and
details of helicopter±ship operations should be
held for all involved prior to commencement
of the operations.
The following fire-fighting equipment or its
equivalent should be ready during helicopter
operations:
 at least two dry powder extinguishers with an
aggregate capacity of not less than 45 kg
Fire-fighting equipment ready
during helicopter operations…
 a suitable foam application system (fixed or portable),
 carbon dioxide (CO²) extinguishers with an aggregate
capacity of not less than 18 kg
 a deck water system capable of delivering at least two
jets of water to any part of the helicopter operating
area
Fire-fighting equipment ready
during helicopter operations…
 at least two fire hose nozzles which should be of the
dual-purpose type
 fire-resistant blankets and gloves
 sufficient fire proximity suits
 portable fire-fighting equipment for oil fires should be
stationed near the disembarkation space
 if possible, the fire-fighting pump should be started
and hoses should be connected and kept in readiness.
Safety Preparations…
 When helicopter winching is to be done from carriers of
flammable or explosive cargo, in the vicinity of a
flammable mixture spillage, the winching must be
grounded clear of spillage or the carrier's tank venting
area in order to preclude a possible fire or explosion from
an electrostatic discharge.
 The helicopter pilot will want to approach the ship in
such a way that the helicopter will hover into the relative
wind and with the pilot's side (starboard) closest to the
ship during the approach.
 On no account should the lifting device on the end of
the winch cable be secured to any part of the ship or
become entangled in the rigging of fixtures
 Ship's personnel should not attempt to grasp the lifting
device unless requested to do so by the helicopter crew.
 Even in this case, a metal part of the lifting device
should first be allowed to touch the deck in order to
avoid possible shock due to static electricity.
 If the helicopter is to approach in the usual manner,
from the stern, the ship should maintain a constant
speed through the water and keep the wind 30 degrees
on the port bow or on either beam if the area is
amidships, or 30 degrees on the starboard quarter if the
area is forward.
 A flow of air, as free of turbulence as possible, clear of
smoke and other visibility restrictions, over the pick-up
area is very important. These procedures may be
modified on instructions from the pilot if
communications exist.
 Personal belongings should not be taken along.
Prior to Helicopter Winching…
 Keep all unnecessary people clear of the pick-up
area.
 Before the helicopter arrives, secure the ship's
radar or put it in standby mode.
 Do not direct lights towards the helicopter as it
will adversely affect the pilot's vision.
 Illuminate the pick-up area.
Helicopter Winching…
 When the helicopter arrives, change course to place the
wind 30 degrees on the port bow and maintain a steady
course.
 When helicopter approaches, strong winds may be
produced by the rotors, making it difficult to steer.
 The helicopter will provide all the equipment for the
winching.
 A line may be trailed from the helicopter
to guide the rescue device as it is lowered.
Helicopter Winching…
 Before touching the rescue device, allow it to touch
your vessel, to discharge static electricity.
 If rescue device is move from the pick-up area to load
patient, unhook the cable and lay loose hook on the
deck to be retrieved by helicopter.
 Do not attach loose hook or cable to vessel.
 The helicopter may move to the side while
the patient is being loaded.
Helicopter Winch…
 Patient wearing lifejacket, attach important records,
and medications administered.
 When securely loaded, signal the helicopter to move
into position and lower the hook.
 After the hook grounded on the vessel, re-attach it to
the rescue device.
 Signal winch operator with “thumbs up'' for the
winching to begin.
 As the rescue device is retrieved, tend the trail line to
prevent device from swinging.
 At the end of the trail line, gently toss it over the side.
Video clips
Helicopter pick-up
rescue sling rescue basket
rescue litter
Hi-Line Technique
rescue seat
rescue net
Rescue Sling
 The most widely used means for evacuating
persons is the rescue sling.
 Slings are suited for quickly picking up
uninjured persons, but are unsuitable for
persons with injuries.
 The sling is put on in much the same way as
one puts on a coat, ensuring that the loop of the
sling passes behind the back and under both
armpits.
Rescue Sling…
 The person using the sling must face the
hook. Hands should be clasped in front as
shown.
 The person must not sit in the sling, nor
should the sling be unhooked.
Demonstrates the correct way to don a rescue sling
and adopt a safe posture in it.
Rescue Basket
 Use of the rescue
basket does not
require any special
measures. To use the
basket, the person
merely climbs in,
remains seated and
holds on.
Rescue Net
 The rescue net has a
conical “bird cage”
appearance and is open
on one side.
 To use the net the person
merely enters the
opening, sits in the net,
and holds on.
Rescue Litter
 Patients will in most cases be disembarked by
means of a rescue litter.
 The evacuation of patients can be done in a
special litter provided by the helicopter or in a
litter provided at the site.
 Bridles are fitted to this litter and can quickly
and safely be hooked on and off.
 The litter provided by the helicopter should be
unhooked from the winch cable while the
patient is being loaded.
Rescue Seat
 The rescue seat looks like a three-
pronged anchor with two flat flukes
or seats.
 Persons to be hoisted merely sit
astride on one or two of the seats
and wrap their arms around the
shank.
 This device can be used to winch
two persons at once.
Rescue Sling– by harness strap
Double lift – by harness strap
Rescue net / basket lift
SAR
Rescue Litter – used to disembark patient or

immobile person from the ship
Hi-Line Technique
 A weighted line, attached to the aircraft's hook
by a weak link illuminated by cyaline lightsticks
is lowered to the vessel during poor visibility.
 The transfer area should have unobstructed
access to the deck edge.
 The line should be handled by one member of
the vessel's crew.
 ONLY WHEN INSTRUCTED BY THE
HELICOPTER CREW the slack should be
hauled in (it is advisable to wear gloves).
Hi-Line Technique…
 THE LINE MUST NOT BE MADE FAST.
 The helicopter will pay out the line and descend
to one side of the vessel while the crewman
continues to take in the slack.
 When the helicopter crewman or lifting harness
reaches deck height the line must be hauled in to
bring the winch hook on board (considerable
effort may be required).
Hi-Line Technique…
SAR
 When prepared for winching the helicopter

crewman, if present, or a member of the vessel's
crew, should indicate to the helicopter by hand
signals.
 The helicopter will climb and winch in the cable.
 If multiple transfers are required to be made the
line should be retained.
 On the final lift, the end of the line should be
released over the side of the vessel.
…
SAR
Helicopter Operations
Video
END OF PSCRB
THANK YOU VERY MUCH ,
GOOD LUCK !!!

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WELCOME

PROTECT MARINE DECK & ENGINE OFFICERS

…because safety requires a discipline attitude

The company aims to be the frontrunner in simulator training in

The company commit all its resources to accomplish its objectives

It shall see itself as the center of

It shall consistently use the simulators as its

it shall conduct a regimented training program

1. Practicum site: Sitio Bonbon, Bgy Ocana, Carcar City

1. HOLDERS OF BST CERTIFICATE ISSUED 31 DECEMBER

2. HOLDERS OF BST CERTIFICATE ISSUED 01 JAN 08 – 31

3. HOLDERSOF BST CERTIFICATE ISSUED 01 JAN 2012 –

1. BASIC TRAINING CERTIFICATE:

a) Copy of the certificate of completion in BT issued by an

1. ADVANCE TRAINING IN FIRE FIGHTING CERTIFICATE:

a) Copy of the certificate of completion in ATFF issued by an

a) Copy of the certificate of completion in PSCRB issued by an

a) Copy of the certificate of completion in PFRB issued by an

1. Practicum site: Sitio Bonbon, Bgy Ocana, Carcar City

 Consists of seven or more short blasts followed by one long

 Closing of watertight doors, fire doors,

 Life raft with EPIRB, SART must have a

 Crew must participate one abandon ship drill and one

 If passengers are > 24 hours on board, muster

• Everyone knows where to go

Take time to consider:

 Well thought out, well rehearsed contingency

• Drills may cause them to be re-thought,

• “It will never happen to me"

• First Aid and medical items.

Remember: when you wear a lifejacket and

• The fate of a survivor is in his own

Totally Enclosed Lifeboat

Partially Enclosed Lifeboat

Lifeboat engine run in adverse conditions.

TELBs (Vessels after July 1986)

1 checks levels of fuel and lubricating oil

• Easier to operate than rowing and capacity:

THROW OVER LIFERAFTS

Liferafts stowage and HRUs MUST.

• Will the liferaft float free.

Rescue boat - boat designed to rescue persons in distress

- abandon ship with marshalling of survival craft

- May be rigid or inflated or a rigid-inflatable -

- Launching appliance may be a singleor

OFF-LOAD – released by pulling a

FIXED FUEL TANK

• Arrange load, weight is distributed evenly and everyone in

 The manufacturer’s specifications for petrol/oil

8. Start motor by pulling

1. Check level of fuel in tank

8. Inspect fuel filters (fuel tank, external, internal) and clean if

The fuel system should be regularly inspected for leaks,

Gear-box oil should be changed every 100 hours of operation

Drain the gear-box into a container by opening the oil-drain

The following table is given as a guideline for

Launching appliance or arrangement -

- System must be statically load tested to 2.2 times the

- Falls are constructed to resist rotation

- Minimum & maximum lowering speed of fully

- Use the boats own weight on launch.

- Prevent use of the davit in port

"Overhead" gravity davits