Well Integrity and Production Management of Acid Reservoir Fluids

in Lahendong Geothermal Field, North Sulawesi

Fatah Gunawan, Teguh Prabowo, Sigit Suryanto, Andi J. Nugroho

Pertamina Geothermal Energy
(fatah.gunawan@pertamina.com)

ABSTRACT
In geothermal exploration, the benign of the fluid should be considered because it would control the sustainable
of not only the well integrity itself, but also the lifetime of production facility which are completely define the
steam production. One of the production well in Lahendong has an acid fluids produced from the reservoir with
high TDS content, vast mass flow and high reservoir pressure. During operation, the replacement and
improvement of wellhead assembly and production facility has been done. Hence, a wide range of study has been
conducted in order to determine the source of the acid reservoir fluids and to analyze the current wellbore
condition. Due to safety and lifetime operation, the production casing of this has been changed into the smaller
size with the specific anti-corrosive material. To maintain the fluid pH, caustic soda is injected at the wellhead and
make the fluids flow through production pipe has a pH higher than the original fluids.
Keywords: Well Integrity, Production Management, Lahendong, Acid fluid
 Conditioning Orifice Application for Steam Flow Measurement at Lahendong Geothermal
Field

Yanuaris Dwi Cahyono, Fajar Adi Prasetyo

PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy
(yanuarisdwic@pertamina.com)

ABSTRACT
Flow measurement is vital for both production and reservoir requirement. Orifice has extensively been used for
flow measurement device, due to its cheapness, simplicity and the accuracy. Typical standard orifice require
certain long distances between orifice and major flow disturbances, which mightn’t come in handy in some area. A
product so called conditioning orifice by Rosemount offer much shorter pipe length requirement, saving material
cost as a result. Both orifice were successfully applied in steam flow measurement during well testing at the
Lahendong geothermal field with less than 5% deviation on conditioning orifice compare to standard orifice. This
paper analyze the application of conditioning orifice on geothermal steam flow measurement.
Keywords: Steam Flow, Standard Orifice, Conditioning orifice, Error, Efisiensi
 Case Study of Pressure Drop in One of Steam Pipeline
Geothermal Power Plant in West Java

Rizky Akbar, Cukup Mulyana

Physic Department FMIPA Unpad
(juukey@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
The research of steam pressure drop from wellhead to the turbines in the pipelines at geothermal power plant
have been conducted. The pipeline, flows the steam from 10 wellheads with 4 clusters along the 3.7 km. Pressure
drop is affected by the length of pipe and roughness, elevation, bends and junctions. To calculate the pressure
drop as a function of distance , roughness and elevation is used Weymouth equation, while for calculating the
pressure drop due to junctions and bends is used modified Bernoulli's equation by adding the head loss due to
turbulence effects . The pressure from the wellhead governed by oriffice and used as the initial pressure, and it is
varied from 7-10 kg/cm2. In the pipeline there are 1 junction and 28 bends. Assuming the steam velocity in the
pipe is 40 m/s , 38 m/s , 37 m/s , 35 m/s and 30 m/s. From the calculation the steam pressure at the header
before entering the turbine using T-junction are 6.39 kg/cm2, 6.57 kg/cm2, 6.65 kg/cm2, 6.80 kg/cm2 and 7.16
kg/cm2. If the Y-junctions is used, the pressure in the turbines increase around 0,012 kg/cm2 for 1 junction.
Turbine steam pressure design is 6.5 kg/cm2, to get this minimum pressure requirement that compatible with the
design, maximum steam velocity should be 38 m/s . Furthermore, from the calculations, the dominant factor that
affecting the pressure drop is 90o bend and T-junction. To reduce the magnitude of the pressure drop is suggested
that regulate steam velocity around of 38 m/s, replace the T-junction with the Y-junction and replace the 90o bend
to 45o bend.
Keywords : pressure drop, pipelines, junctions, bends, steam velocity, Geothermal
 Prediction of Reservoir Temperature Using Wellbore Simulation
on Down-flowed Multiple Feedzone Well

Gamal Hastriansyah, Eric Firanda, Tri Laksana Adi, Marihot S.P. Silaban, Yustin Kamah
Pertamina Geothermal Energy
(gamal.h@pertamina.com)

ABSTRACT
In multiple Feedzone well cross flow between feedzones tended to happen. When shallow feedzone had higher
reservoir pressure than deep feedzone, downflow would occur from shallow feedzone to deep feedzone covering
wellbore with fluids from shallow feedzone. This caused data from deep feedzone couldn’t be obtained due to the
downflow that masked the deep feedzone.
Keywords: multiple feedzone, down-flow, wellbore simulation
 Comprehensive Method of Bit Selection on Geothermal Drilling

Ilham Akbar Suhendi, Bonar Tua Halomoan Marbun

Institut Teknologi Bandung
(ilhamsuhendi90@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
Geothermal has become a new alternative energies to cover declining conventional fossil energy. Geothermal
drilling is more challenging than oil and gas well since the formation is harder and higher in temperature. To drill a
geothermal well more efficiently, proper bit selection should be done. Bit selection is one of important
considerations of well planning. Suitable bit selection as one of the main tool of drill string can play an important
and significant rule in increasing rate of penetration, durability, and consequently reduction of drilling cost.
Rock formation hardness directly affecting bit performance. Hardness of igneous or metamorphic rock require a
special drilling bit. Higher temperature environment will lead to degradation of bit strength. Conventional bit
selection method for oil well cannot be easily adopted. Therefore modification is added to consider temperature,
formation hardness, drilling parameter, mud properties, and bit material. Bit records from offset well data become
very important in the beginning of bit program. These data provide lithology column, dull bit grading, cost per foot
and operational parameter should be compared, examined, and analyzed to the following well.
The aim of this study is to optimize bit selection method by considering some special features of geothermal
formation. The results gives an accurate bit selection for geothermal drilling with high penetration rate. The
results of this study has been validated with a field case in Indonesia. Based on the output, a better method of bit
selection and evaluation can be properly designed.
Keywords: Bit, Geothermal, Cost per foot
 A New Concept of Geomechanics in Geothermal Drilling Design and Operation

Yoga Saktyanto Sisminardi, Bonar Tua Halomoan Marbun

Institut Teknologi Bandung
(yogasaktyanto@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
Stress field alteration in the geothermal wellbore will be occurred during drilling operation. The contingency of
rock stress changes in the geothermal fractured rock reservoir while drilling may lead to situations where the large
parts of the fracture network sealed thus causes a reduced heat rate. Uncontrolled wellbore stability factors
particularly while drilling, where the permeability is governed primarily by the permeability of the fractures, can
have serious destructive effects on the heat extraction rate achievable in reservoirs. The transformation of
reservoir permeability can be affected by rock deformation, change in temperature and or pressure around the
wellbore, and chemical reaction between drilling fluid and reservoir rock minerals.
To avoid geothermal reservoir damage, drilling design and operation must be conducted properly through
integrated comprehension of geomechanics. Casing setting depth, hole geometry selection, completion planning,
drilling fluid plan, cement plan, casing design, and drillstring design are the important points where the physical
properties of the lithology must be properly considered. The other important thing is high temperature reservoir
that affects drilling design and operation. The complexity of those parameters must be considered to achieve
proper well design, longer well lifetime, and optimized production rate.
This study presents a new concept of geomechanics to construct better drilling design and operation in
geothermal well. The geologic and geophysics data, reservoir data, production data, drilling data are used to
analyze and evaluate the drilling design and operation.
Keywords: Geomechanics, Geothermal, Drilling, Operation
Geology and Geochemistry of Geothermal in Torire, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province

Gugy Maulana Firdaus

Faculty of Geological Engineering, University of Padjadjaran
(gugy.mf@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
This research is a study result on geological condition and water geochemistry in Torire, Poso Regency, Central
Sulawesi Province. This research evaluating of geological condition and water geochemistry data was carried out
over 3 months. This research objects in this study are the geothermal manifestation at surface, water
geochemistry, and the relations between its geological condition and water geochemistry. The research results
indicate that there are seven hot springs, which can be classified into Bicarbonate hot springs. Reservoir conditions
in the study area is estimated associated with sedimentary rocks. Five hot springs in Partial Equilibrium zone and
two hot spring in Immature Waters zone. The water drainage pattern in this area is classified as “up flow” drainage
pattern having reservoir temperature of between 100-109' Celcius based on calculations of geothermometer.
Based on the surface geothermal manifestations, geothermal system at this research area is classified as water
dominated system; while based on the reservoir temperature, it is classified as medium enthalpy system.
Keywords: Geochemistry, Geology, Hot Water Bicarbonate, Sedimentary Rock, Partial Equilibrium, Immature
Waters, Geothermal Systems
 Geology and Geochemical Research on Padang Ganting Geothermal Area, West Sumatera
Province

Lantip Candraditya, Mochamad Nur Hadi, Arif Rahman Hakim

Institut Teknologi Bandung
(l_candraditya@yahoo.co.id)

ABSTRACT
Utilization of geothermal energy for electric power is expected to continue to increase by 9.2 % per year, one of
the efforts is to conduct geothermal research using geological and geochemical methods in the area of Padang
Ganting, Tanah Datar District, West Sumatra. Geological environment of the research area is in south-eastern of
mount Merapi or eastern part of the lake Singkarak. The research area includes on Semangko fault at Singkarak
depression segment, in the transition zone between the volcanic arc and the central sumatra basin. Based on
geological data, obtained 12 lithology units dominated by Tertiary clastic sedimentary rocks and Pre-Tertiary
granite and volcanic rocks such as Quaternary lava and pyroclastic flows, based on the of surface manifestation
from 8 manifestation indicate the water type is dissolution water (Sulfate - Bicarbonate), which shows are on the
outflow zones associated with hydrothermal volcanic. Geological structures that develop are generally trending on
NNE - SSW direction of the Sumatra fault and become a control the appearance of the surface manifestation.
Recharge area derived from high topography around mount Merapi and mount Sago that is located in the north of
research area.
Keywords: Padang Ganting, Geology Geothermal
 Saturation Indices of Prograde and Retrogade Solubility Minerals
in UBL-11 Fluid During Temperature Drop uf UBL-12

Jodhi P. Giriarso, Hendy Sujarmaitanto, Dradjat B. Hartanto

PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy
(jodhi.pramuji@pertamina.com)

ABSTRACT
In period 2012-2013, UBL-12 had experienced cooling because influx of surface water. This event diluted reservoir
fluids in cluster D, include UBL-11 as a production well. Dilution effect had seen in the decline of chloride and
silica, increase of bicarbonate and sulfate, while NCG decline. WATCH simulation had conducted during this
cooling period. Saturation indices of prograde minerals such as amorphous silica, chalcedony, and quartz
decreased. Meanwhile, saturation indices of retrograde minerals such calcite and anhydrite relatively increased.
This result had not match with the concept of prograde and retrograde solubility minerals. Allegedly, addition of
water volume due to dilution caused increase solubility of chloride and silica which led to decrease of the
saturation indices, and also increase solubility of water-soluble gases which led to NCG decline. Increase of soluble
gases in water led to the rise of bicarbonate and sulfate concentration as precursor of calcite and anhydrite
formation.
Keywords: minerals, saturation indices, dilution
 The Statistical Analysis Comparison between Lip Pressure and Separator in Production Well
Testing at Lahendong and Ulubelu Field

Mohamad Husni Mubarok, Yanuaris Dwi Cahyono

Pertamina Geothermal Energy/ Institut Teknologi Bandung
(husnimubarok@pertamina.com)

ABSTRACT
In order to determine the potential of electrical energy a geothermal well drilled that have been completed, there
should be a series of production tests to determine precisely and accurately the characteristics of the geothermal
production wells in terms of physical and chemical properties. There are several methods in geothermal well
testing, but there are two commonly used methods, lip pressure and separator method. Lip pressure method can
be performed in an upright (vertical discharge) or in a flat (horizontal discharge). Basically, both methods have the
same purpose, its to clean the drill cutting or mud drilling and to get potential electrical energy that can be
generated by these wells. In the progress of the production test, the separator method can present the data
characteristics that have more comprehensive than lip pressure. However, separator method need longer
preparation, larger cost, more man power and more complicated calculations than the method of lip pressure.
From that background, the comparative analysis between the two methods by using statistical tools, in this case
used the t-test method. The comparisons were done on eight wells at Lahendong (North Sulawesi) and Ulubele
(Lampung) geothermal fields. The comparison was conducted on the rate of vapor and enthalpy for both the
production test method. By calculating the error value and the standard deviation at 95% confidence level
obtained by the normal distribution curve. Acceptance range for enthalpy of 596 kJ/kg to 1850 kJ/kg and steam
rate of 23 tons/hour to 98 tons/hour. In other words, when used the lip pressure method and the results in that
range, then we can say it's accurate with a confidence level of 95%.
Keywords: Statistical Analysis, Lip Pressure, Well Testing, Lahendong, Geothermal, error number, enthalpy,
statistic
 Geothermal Binary Power Plant for Lahendong, Indonesia:
A German-Indonesian Collaboration Project

Stephanie Frick, Ali Saadat, Gina Andrea Kupfermann, Kemal Erbas , Ernst Huenges
International Centre for Geothermal Research at Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ
(frick@gfz-potsdam.de)

ABSTRACT
In addition to the use of high-enthalpy geothermal resources in Indonesia, the development of the existing low-
enthalpy resources plays an important role for geothermal exploitation. An efficient exploitation of this lower
temperature range can significantly extend the exploitable geothermal potential since the plant capacity at many
high-enthalpy fields could be increased and low temperature resources can be used for decentralized energy
supply. Even though geothermal low temperature power plants offer a huge potential and have been installed at
more than 100 sites world-wide, there are still challenges that prevent their application at Indonesian geothermal
sites.
In order to successfully demonstrate a geothermal binary power plant in Indonesia, a German-Indonesian
collaboration project involving GFZ Potsdam (Germany), the Agency for the Assessment and Application of
Technology in Indonesia (BPPT) and Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE, Indonesia) has been set-up. The
demonstration power plant will be located in Lahendong, North Sulawesi, where it uses hot brine from the
separator of existing wet-steam production wells. The power plant cycle will be a subcritical, single-stage Organic
Rankine Cycle (ORC) with internal heat recovery and an installed capacity of 550 kWe. The on-site integration is
aiming at reliability and flexibility so that this technical concept can be easily implemented also at other sites.
The scientific work objectives are directed to the systematic analysis and evaluation of all steps in the technical
implementation of a binary power plant at an Indonesian site. The knowledge from planning and operating the
Lahendong demonstration power plant will serve to define further optimization and development needs and to
transfer the gained experience to other possible locations. Extended process understanding and optimum site
integration tailored to Indonesian locations is a prerequisite for the expansion and development of binary power
plant technology in the future. The presentation will give an overview on the project course and the project goals.
Keywords: Binary power plants, Indonesia, Lahendong, Demonstration project
 Steam Supply Control Process in PGE Geothermal Operation Fields

Wanda Kurniawan, Nanang Kurniawan

PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy
e-mail: wanda.kurniawan@pertamina.com; nanang.kurniawan@pertamina.com

ABSTRACT
Currently, Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) operates four geothermal fields which are Kamojang (200 MW),
Lahendong (60 MW), Sibayak (12 MW) and Ulubelu (110 MW). PGE is also developing several new fields which
have been in construction phase. The new fields are Kamojang V (30 MW), Ulubelu III & IV (2x55 MW), Karaha (30
MW) and Lumut Balai (55 MW)
Among the fields, Kamojang is the only vapor field where the others are liquid dominated fields. Beside the
difference in production fluid, those fields were built at different times; therefore they have different philosophies
in design and operation. This paper is intended to compare the process control system used among the fields. The
comparison is evaluated not in detail but philosophical aspect.
 Applying Chien (1995) Method of Two-Phase Measurement
for Geothermal Field Data

Ali Ashat1, Nurita Putri Hardiani1, Ryuichi Itoi2

1
Geothermal Technology Study Institute Technology Bandung
2
Kyushu University
(nurita_putri@yahoo.co.uk)

ABSTRACT
In reservoir modeling, the model calibration through production matching is one of a must-do step before
continuing to reservoir performance prediction in the future. In production matching, the data needed is mass
flow rate contributed from each individual well. Unfortunately, in water dominated field especially, the
measurement of mass flow rate from each well is infrequently conducted. Since it is more common to use central
separator for the reason of cost efficiency, the data of the contribution from each well is rare to be found. In fact
there are some measurement in two phase flow, e.g., Tracer Flow Test, Lip Pressure, Calorimeter, Coriolis, and
Ultrasonic. However, by practice, the measurement with orifice plate is more common. Nonetheless, the orifice
plate is only suitable for single phase fluid flow. A notable effort has been done by Murdock in 1962 to enable the
two phase flow measurement using orifice plate, but still it was not a very satisfying result in accuracy (deviation
of +20% based on the measurement trial in Coso-California). In 1995, the similar approach using orifice plate was
conducted by Chien but it has been still more familiar in oil and gas industry rather than in geothermal. Therefore
Chien method to measure two-phase flow in geothermal will be verified in this study and applied for real
geothermal field data in Indonesia.
Keywords: two-phase measurement, Chien method
Simple Resistivity Interpretation from Mt Resistivity Raster Maps Data to Locate Geothermal
Reservoir

Maman Somantri
Sub. Directorate Geothermal, Directorate of Geological Resources Centre (Retired)
(maman_somantri48@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT
Sometimes we can’t do anything with MT resistivity raster maps data to locate geothermal reservoir in a
geothermal field area. This paper presents interpretation simple calculation method of MT resistivity raster maps
data. The method does not need sophisticated software for analysis but only using spread sheets and common
software to locate the geothermal reservoir. It can use old MT measurements, and has given good result data. The
method gives a clear image “resistivity profile” target as the geothermal reservoir if the previous survey is well
designed.
Keywords: geothermal, resistivity, MT
 Resistivity Structure of Alluvial Geothermal Prospect by Time Domain Electromagnetic
Method (TDEM) Survey

Taruna Fadillah1, Budi Sulistijo2

1
Master Program of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung,
2
Global Geophysical Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
(tarunafadillah@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
Time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) surveys were carried out around alluvial region, Sulili district, Pinrang
regency, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia at 2013. This study aims to determine the area of low resistivity
geophysical data by Time Domain Electromagnetic Method. The surveys were a completion of the previously
interpreted geological data collected from geological surveys at 2012. Interpretation of the recorded transient
magnetic fields resulted in a general feature of the resistivity structure which are composed of three main layers: a
low resistive layer (below 2 Ωm), a medium resistive layer (around 2-100 Ωm) and a high resistive layer (above 100
Ωm). The low resistive layer is considered to be a complex of altered geological formation. The cross section of
conductance distribution shows region near intrusion and hot water springs have low resistivity characteristic. This
evidence indicates that the cap rock of the reservoir near of the geothermal manifestation.
Keywords: Alluvial Geothermal Prospect, Time Domain Electromagnetic Methode
 Repeated Spontaneous Potential Mappings of Gedongsongo Fumarolic Area, Ungaran
Volcano, Indonesia

Agus Setyawan
Laboratory of Geophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, 50275
e-mail: agus.setyawan@undip.ac.id

ABSTRACT
The spontaneous-potential (SP) method consists of measuring the potential difference at the ground surface
between two points. This passive method allows us to find potential difference anomalies superimposed on
regional trends of the potential difference. Gedongsongo area which is located in the Southern part of Ungaran
volcano is the main manifestation such as fumarole, hot springs and altered zone. In this paper, we have
presented the origin of SP anomalies associated with hydrothermal activity of Ungaran volcano. Time varying SP
fields exhibit the dynamic aspect of volcanic activities corresponding to the evolution of hydrothermal activity,
with superimposed on local topographyc anomaly and groundwater flow.
 Geology and Geothermal Manifestations of Mount Pandan, East Java

M. Thoha1, P. Parman1, B. Prastistho2, DF. Yudiantoro2, I. PermataHati2, and IB. Jagranata2

1
Students at UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta
2
Geothermal Study Center of UPN ”Veteran" Yogyakarta
(muhammad.thoha_s@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT
Mount Pandan is a Quaternary volcano formed on Early Pleistocene Epoch (1.2 Ma). It consists of several volcanic
eruption centers and geothermal manifestations. This study focused on the northern slopes of Mount Pandan and
its surrounding areas which is located in the Klino village, Ngambon district, Nganjuk-Bojonegoro-Madiun borders.
The methods used in this study were geological mapping and petrographic analysis.
Volcanic rock units that build this area can be divided into four, namely mount Nangka volcanic rocks unit, mount
Telogo Gebang volcanic rocks unit, mount Lawang volcanic rocks unit and mount Pandan volcanic rocks unit.
Mount Nangka volcanic rocks are composed by pyroclastic flow breccias, pyroclastic fall breccias, and hornblende
andesite lava. Mount Telogo Gebang volcanics rock are composed by lava dome complex of hornblende andesite
and pyroxene andesite. The volcanic rocks of mount Lawang consist of andesite lava (volcanic neck) with a
columnar and sheeting joint structure. Volcanic rocks of mount Pandan consist of pyroclastic flow breccias,
pyroclastic fall breccias and tuff. Mount Pandan area was controlled by Kali Banjar lateral fault, Kali Jati lateral
fault, Kali Gandong lateral and reverse fault and Bladogan lateral fault. The Banyu Kuning hot springs was
discovered in Kali Pacal, controlled by Kali Banjar fault which has trending N 220° E. Characteristics of this hot
springs are T: 38°C, TDS :1295, pH 6-7, and argillic alteration type. At the Jari Kasinan hot spring found on northern
Kali Jati fault which has trending N 160°E, characterized by T: 32° C, TDS: 1930-1940, pH 6, travertine calcite and
argillic alteration type. The average discharge of hot spring is 1 liter/second and used directly by the local
community.
Keywords: Mount Pandan, East Java, volcanic rock units, hot spring
 Greenfield Exploration of Hidden Magmatically Driven Geothermal Systems in Active
Subduction Zones: Case Study Lamongan (Eastern Java, Indonesia)

Fiorenza Deon, Bettina Wiegand, Hans - Jürgen Förster, Inga Moeck, Traugott Scheytt, Makky S. Jaya,
Dewi J. Putriatni and Supoyo
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ- International Centre for Geothermal Research
Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
fdeon@gfz-potsdam.de

ABSTRACT
Magmatic settings involving active volcanism are potential locations for economic geothermal systems due to high
temperature and steam pressure. Indonesia, located along active plate margins, hosts numerous areas of active
volcanism and, therefore, belongs to the regions with greatest geothermal potential worldwide. However, tropical
conditions and steep terrain reduce the spectrum of applicable exploration methods, in particular in remote areas.
As an example to conceptualize perspective geothermal systems in those settings, results of a case study from the
Lamongan volcanic field in East Java are presented. The study integrates field-based data on the regional structural
geology, composition and stable-isotope as radioactive isotopes patterns of thermal waters, and the mineralogy
and geochemistry of volcanic rocks. Results indicate infiltration of seawater through faults from the 20 km nearby
coast along a NW-SE striking lineament identified by satellite imagery. The possible heat source is geophysically
constrained to be quite shallow.
 Geochemistry of Thermal Waters from Jarikasinan and Banyukuning Hotsprings, Mount
Pandan, East Java

Sutanto, Bambang Prastistho, Jagranatha, Dwi Fitri Yudiantoro, and Intan Paramita Haty
Geothermal Research Center UPN Veteran Yogyakarta
Jl. SWK 104 Condong Catur, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55283
e-mail: intanparamitahaty@upnyk.ac.id

ABSTRACT
Preliminary research at Mount Pandan found geothermal manifestation. Indication of geothermal in Mount
Pandan is characterized by the appearance of geothermal manifestations such as hot springs in the Banyukuning
and Jarikasinan.The location of the preliminary research administratively in Nganjuk, Madiun, and Bojonegoro
district, East Java Province. The aims of this research is to determine the physical characteristics of hot springs, hot
springs chemical properties, and type of the hot springs in the Mount Pandan. The research method is collecting
geological data, geochemical data, and laboratory analysis. Based on the field observations there were two
hotsprings, Jarikasinan and Banyukuning. Jarikasinan hotspring temperature is 38 ° C - 39 ° C with air temperature
32 ° C, 1930-1940 TDS, pH 6, flow 0.67 L / s and konduktivity of 2.58 ms. Banyukuning hotspring temperature is 38
° C with an air temperature of 24 ° C, 1295 TDS, pH 6-7, discharge ranged between 1 L/s and konduktivity by 1.92
ms.
Keywords: geothermal, geothermal manifestation, geochemical.
 Fluid Characteristic in Sibayak Geothermal Field

Hendy Sujarmaitanto, Wahyu Firmansyah

Pertamina Geothermal Energy
(hendysujarmaitanto@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
Sibayak Geothermal Field located in the North Sumatra Province of Indonesia. The field belong to PT. Pertamina
Geothermal Energy. Volcanism activicty in Sumatra island was generated by a subduction between Eurasian plate
and Indo - Australian plate in a shallow depth. This shallow depth of subduction makes the magma product
become more acid and more viscous, so that the reservoir in Sumatra most of it found in a sedimentary rock at a
shallow depth. Geothermal system generally controlled by regional fault system called “ Great Sumatran Fault”.
This dextral strike-slip fault zone accommodate a good secondary permeability and porosity to the geothermal
reservoir.
Geothermal fluid analysis result show that the anion composition from well XYZ-3 and XYZ-5 in Cl-SO4-HCO3
ternary diagram was plotted near the chloride apex, which indicate the sample was came from a mature chloride
reservoir water. Anomaly shown in Na-K-Mg ternary diagram, the plot was located in immature water area and
shifting to the potassium because of the high content of potassium. This condition probably because of Sibayak
Geothermal Field have a metasedimentary rock reservoir consist of high feldspar and mica or the fluid originally
was acid and somehow go through neutralization process. Geothermometer from CAR-HAR and FT-H2S show
excess CO2 and H2S with low H2 caused by oxidation process. N2-CO2-Ar ternary diagram explain the fluid from
well XYZ -3 & XYZ -5 was a mixture of magmatic gas and gas dissolved in meteoric water. Both of well consist a
high concentration of NCG.
Keywords: geochemistry, metasediment, neutralization
 Improving Microseismic Hypocenter Determination Using Double-Difference Method

Bambang Mujihardi1,2, Djedi S. Widarto1, Andri D. Nugraha3, Sri Widiyantoro3

1
Upstream Technology Center, PT. Pertamina (persero), Jakarta Indonesia
2
Ph.D. Student, FPS-ITB, Bandung, Indonesia
3
Global Geophysical Research Group, FTTM-ITB, Bandung, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the hypocenter locations of microseismic events using the double-difference method. An
important step in hypocenter determination is how to determine earlier phases of P- and S-wave arrival times at
all stations. In this study, we have applied some filtering techniques (band-pass and low-cut filters) to suppress
noise. Practically, P waveforms can be determined beforehand based on the earlier phases coming at all stations.
Once P-wave arrival times have been obtained, generally S-wave arrival times can be determined subsequently.
Here, S-transform analysis has been also applied to improve the picking quality of unclear/bias arrival times. We
selected microseismic events with time residuals i.e. the difference between S-wave arrival time (ts) and P-wave
arrival time (tp) less than 2 seconds.The next step is the determination of initial locations of microseismic events
using the Geiger Adaptive Damping (GAD) method. We then improved/relocated the locations of events by
employing the double-difference method. We will present a comparison between hypocenter locations obtained
using the GAD and double-difference methods. Some improvements in the locations will be demonstrated.
Preliminary Results of Micro-Earthquake Analysis Around Exploited Hydrothermal Systems in
West Java, Indonesia

Akhmad Fanani Akbar1, Riskiray Ryannugroho1, Philippe GM Jousset2, Alexandra Gassner2, Makky S Jaya2, Rachmat
Sule1, Wahyuddin Diningrat3, Andri Hendryana1,2, Yosep Kusnadi3, Andri Dian Nugraha1, Muksin Umar2, Yudi
Indrinanto3, Kemal Erbas1
1
Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung, Indonesia.
2
GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
3
Star Energy, Indonesia.
(fanani_akbar@yahoo.co.uk)

ABSTRACT
We analyzed micro-earthquake events around exploited hydrothermal regions by deploying dense seismic
networks monitoring. We attempt to locate the location of these events in order to enhance our understanding
about characteristic of induced micro-earthquake in relationship with hydrothermal activities. In this study we
have classified a micro-earthquake which have time difference S-and P-wave phases (ts-tp) less than 3 second
otherwise we distinguished as regional or teleseismic events. Then, we picked P-and S-wave arrival times
manually. To determine hypocenter locaton, we used geiger’s method. Up to present, we obtained over than 800
micro-earthquakes concentrated around the area study. Future work, we will conduct subsurface seismic
velocities through tomography inversion method.
Keywords: micro-earthquake, hydrothermal, dense seismic network
 Improve Micro-Earthquake Hypocenter using Simulated Annealing and Travel Time
Tomography Inversion in Geothermal Exploration

Rexha Verdhora Ry Ry 1 , Andri Dian Nugraha2

1
Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
2
Global Geophysical Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
(nugraha@gf.itb.ac.id)

ABSTRACT
Observation of micro-earthquake activity in the geothermal exploration is used to detect the fracture and
permeability zone. It is necessary for determining the location of precise hypocenter which the process involves
finding a hypocenter location that has minimum error between the observed and the calculated travel times.
When solving this nonlinear inverse problem, a local optimization technique can easily produce a solution for
which minimizes error function, but its function itself depends on initial model and does not necessarily take its
global minimum. Other methods such as simulated annealing can be applied to such global optimization problems.
Unlike local methods, the convergence of the simulated annealing method is independent of the initial model.
Previously, hypocenter location at “RR” Geothermal Field has been determined by Geiger’s method. However, in
this study, simulated annealing method was applied on same data and 1-D velocity model to relocate hypocenter
and minimize error function. The travel times were calculated using ray tracing shooting method. Our results show
hypocenter location has smaller RMS error compared to the previous study that can be statistically associated
with better solution. Furthermore, the new hypocenter location data will be used as input to produce 3-D seismic
velocity structure for Vp, Vs, and the ratio Vp/Vs by seismic tomography. The travel times on the 3-D velocity
model were calculated using ray tracing pseudo-bending method. Inversion method which used for tomography
modeling is iterative damped least square. Our tomography inversion results indicate the presence of low Vp/Vs at
depths of about 1 – 3 km below MSL. We interpreted this feature may be associated with a steam-saturated rock
in the reservoir area of “RR” geothermal field. Another possibility is that the reservoir’s phase system may has
changed from water-saturated to steam-saturated.
Keywords: micro-earthquakes, seismic tomography, geophysical inversion, ray¬ tracing, Geothermal
 Passive Seismic Tomography (PST) Inversion Using Micro Earthquake (MEQ) in DEE
Geothermal Field

Mashuri, Bagus Jaya Santosa, Tommy Hendriansyah

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
(mashuri.saja@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
The development of hydrothermal reservoir characterization has evolved rapidly. Magneto telluric (MT) is a
geophysical method which commonly used in geothermal field. One new method that currently use is Passive
Seismic Tomography (PST). PST is new technology who introduced by using the concept of ray tracing forward
modeling and simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) inverse modeling. PST is used for
simultaneous inversion for P and S velocity structures and source coordinates. Tomographic inversion of
compressional and shear velocities from field micro earthquake observation at The DEE have been performed by a
number of investigators in an attempt to image subsurface structures and important reservoir properties.
Anomalies in compressional velocities (Vp), shear velocities (Vs), and the ratio Vp/Vs, have been interpreted to
reflect variations in lithology, and pore fluid compressibility within the reservoir. Systematic between Vp and Vs
values within the reservoir are found to be incompatible with a simple interpretation based solely on pore fluid
compressibility. We take some vertical sections in the MT and PST images result. The result of PST image and MT
image has a good correlation. The procedure indicates a combination of the two methods yields good subsurface
image in hydrothermal system predictions from micro earthquake and MT data.
Keywords: passive seismic tomography, micro earthquake, Vp, Vs
 Application of Euler Deconvolution to Characterize Gravity Source Anomalies in Indonesia
Geothermal Environment

Rendy Delliansyah1, Rachmat Sule2, Andri Dian Nugraha 3, Yosep Kusnadi4

1
Geothermal Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung
2
Applied Geophysical Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
3
Global Geophysical Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
4
Star Energy Geothermal (WayangWindu) Ltd
(rdelliansyah@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
Double-difference (DD) tomography method was applied to image the P and S-wave velocity (Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs
ratio) structures of the geothermal reservoir at ‘RD’ geothermal field in West Java, Indonesia. Data obtained from
recording micro-earthquake acquisition recorded by 17 stations for Mei up to July, 2005 and has been successfully
identified 353 micro-earthquake events. We first determined the initial location of MEQ events by using Geiger
Method with Adaptive Damping (GAD) method and finally only 197 events (1185 P-wave and 1156 S-wave arrival
time phases) were selected for the tomography inversion. The initial 1-D velocity structure was determined using
VELEST. The model resoslution of the tomographic inversion has been evaluated by checkerboard resolution test.
Our tomography inversion model clearly images very low Vp anomaly, low Vs anomaly, and low Vp/Vs ratio value
at the elevation of +0.5 km to 1.0 km was interpreted as steam zone that is consistent with the local geological
setting. From previous study, we can confirmed that the low Vp/Vs ratio may be related to reservoir zone. The
relocated micro-earthquake events were distributed around the reservoir zone.
Keywords: : Geothermal, micro-earthquake, double-difference tomography, Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs ratio, reservoir
 Delineating Outflow Zones using Linear Features Density (LFD) Derived from Landsat
Imageryat Paguyangan, Brebes, Central-Java

Sachrul Iswahyudi 1, Asep Saepuloh 2, Asmoro Widagdo 1

1
Geological Engineering, Unsoed
2
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, ITB
(sachrul.iswahyudi@unsoed.ac.id)

ABSTRACT
Linear features expressed on satellite imagery reflects the geological structuresat surface. Structuresmight serve
as permeable zones that fluidscould circulate and generate a geothermal system.Analyzing Linear Features Density
(LFD) on spaceborne of Landsat-8 imageryat Paguyangan and surrounding areas provide a preliminary description
of an existing geothermal system.
Integrated assessment analysis of Landsat imagery and field data are performed in this study. Visual interpretation
of linear features on Landsat imagery are conducted based on contrast of tone, hue, and texture. Then, the image
is divided into ten grids for area about 30×30 km and contoured based on total length of linear features in
everygrid. The field survey data are used to validate the extracted LFD and to interpret the permeable zones
related to geothermal system at Paguyangan.
Based on field survey and published reference, the Paguyangan areasconsist of threepoints of hot springs
location.The hotsprings are located at maximum LFD generally.Therefore, we interpreted that the maximum LFD
correspond well to outflow zones of geothermal systems beneath Paguyangan.The high LFD values without
geothermal manifestationsout from Paguyangan areaassociated withlocal geological structures. The structures
supposed to be out of the fluid path of geothermal system at Paguyangan area.
Keywords: Linear Features Density (LFD), hot springs, Paguyangan, Geothermal.
Volcanostratigraphic Study and Its Implication to the Estimation of The Geothermal Resource
of Mount Wilis, East Java

Setya Drana Harry Putra, Reza Rizki, Akhmad Fanani Akbar

Institut Teknologi Bandung
(setya.drana@hotmail.com)

ABSTRACT
Field mapping and characterization of volcanic regions is one of the methods used in the reconnaissance survey
stage for the exploration of volcanic geothermal systems. A difficulty may arise when using this method to
distinguish different volcanic products based on their origins directly on the field, because different volcanic
eruption centers can produce different eruptive products that look nearly similar both in their physical appearance
and characteristics. Volcanostratigraphic study has been done on Mount Wilis region, where we have utilized a
topographic map on the scale of 1:100000 to distinguish eruption product units based on their respective eruptive
centers (Sub-Khuluk), as well as a 1:50000 map to find detailed distribution of smaller units of eruption products
(Gumuk) at the vicinity of Uteran region. It was found that there are at least 4 Sub-Khuluk units, namely Ngebel,
Ngargokalangan, Gajahmungkur, and Prau, as well as 5 Gumuk units which are Klotok, Manjutan, Slurup,
Patukbanteng, Cemoro, Bandung, and Dangean, that comprise the entire Wilis Mountain volcanic edifice. Based
on analyses of the dimension, maturity, stress regimes, and an estimation of the thermal resource base of its
magmatic heat source, it was concluded that Wilis Mountain has a geothermal resource potential that deserves
further developments.
Keywords: Volcanostratigraphic, Geothermal, Resource, Mount Wilis
 Tortuosity and Permeability Analysis of Crack Type and Granular Type of Pore Space in a
Geothermal Reservoir Rock

Almira Anissofira, Fourier Dzar Eljabbar Latief, Annisa Rachmi Trahwiwit Widijana, Handoyo
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Institut Teknologi Bandung
(almiraanissofira@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
Tortuosity is one of a fluid flow property of porous rock which often defined as the ratio of flow path length to the
length of the sample. Tortuosity is inversely related to permeability. In this paper we analyze two quantities that
describes property of fluid flow inside pore structure of rock, i.e., tortuosity and permeability, of crack-type and
granular-type of pore space in a sample of geothermal reservoir rock. Computer simulation of fluid flow through
the pore space produces velocity profile of the fluid inside the pore structure. Tortuosity can later be calculated
from ratio of the velocity norm to the x-direction of the velocity. Kozeny-Carman relation is used to the measure
permeability, by making use of other petrophysical parameters such as porosity, specific surface area, and
tortuosity. We obtain tortuosity of crack-type and granular-type which are 1.169861 and 3.196714 respectively.
The permeability of the crack-type and the granular-type are 2573.371 mD and 611.9242 mD respectively. From
that results, we can conclude that the crack-type of pore space has more significant role in fluid transport
compared to the granular-type of pore space.
Keywords: Tortuosity, Permeability, Pore Space, Geothermal, Reservoir
 Interpretation of Magnetic and Gravity Data to Determine Depth and Area of Reservoir at
Rajabasa Lampung

Haerudin N.,1, Prasetyo, I.1, Sarkowi1 dan Risdianto, D.2

1
Department of Geophysics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lampung University,
2
Badan Geologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40122
nandithea@unila.ac.id

ABSTRACT
A Model in three dimension will provide the clearer image. It made the interpretation aesier. This study has been
carried out to make the 3D modeling for determining area and depth of Rajabasa geothermal reservoir using
Mag3D and Grav3D softwareait. The combination of the two geophysical methods that is magnetic and gravity
method constructed to reduce reduce ambiguity and increase the accuracy of interpretation. The both Modeling
results indicate that the top reservoir is about at 1000 m and the bottom is about at 3500 m depth by mean sea
level (MSL) reference. Reservoir area covers the area around Rajabasa Peak, Peak Balerang, Cugung Fumaroles and
Pangkul Fumaroles. Results of the both methods are good agreement with the calculated temperature gradient.
Keywords: The total magnetic anomalies, Bouguer anomalies, Mag3D modeling, Grav3D modeling, reservoir depth
 Structure and Reservoir Modeling Of Bonjol Geothermal Field with Bouguer Anomaly

Ahmad Zaenudin, Rifai Ahmad, and Muh Sarkowi

Geophysical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Lampung
Jl. Prof. Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung 35145
email : zae_unila@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
This study aims to map the controller structure and dimensions of the reservoir Bonjol geothermal system.
Mapping the structure using Second vertical derivative techniques and reservoir modeling using 3D inversion of
the Bouguer anomaly. In general, high-value Bouguer anomaly in the North West and South East and lower
section. Fault structures can be delineated with SVD technique and correlated well with the geological structures
trending NW and NE. 3D inversion modeling results Bouguer anomaly may indicate that the geothermal reservoir
is located in the southern and eastern parts of the study area, with a total density of 1.7 at a depth of 1400 m.
While the heat source is located in the Northwest area of research, with a density value of 2.8 gr/cm3 at a depth
of 7000 m.
 Importance of Distortion Removal
in Magnetotelluric (MT) Advanced Data Processing

Hendra Grandis1,2, Asep Sugianto 2, Djedi S. WIdarto3

1
Applied Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung
2
Graduate Program in Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung
3
Pertamina Upstream Technology Center
(h.grandis@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
The magnetotelluric (MT) method employs natural electromagnetic (EM) fields to infer the resistivity distribution
of the subsurface. The MT technique has a prime role in the geothermal exploration due to its great penetration
depth and to a relatively direct relationship between resistivity and temperature properties. However, the MT
data exhibit fundamental limitations, i.e. they are deduced from low amplitude signals relative to the noise and
suffer from distortion related to subsurface inhomogeneities. The paper demonstrates the effects of distortion of
simulated MT data associated with a simple geothermal synthetic model. The importance of the MT impedance
tensor decomposition is illustrated by the application of the well-known Groom-Bailey technique to remove the
distortion in the synthetic and field data of a geothermal prospect.
Keywords: Magnetotelluric, Distortion Removal, Data Processin, Geothermal
 Application of Euler Deconvolution to Characterize Gravity Source Anomalies in Indonesia
Geothermal Environment

Rocky Martakusumah
Institut Teknologi Bandung
(rocky07042@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
Gravity surveying in any of Indonesia geothermal prospect is useful to recover intrusive bodies and major faults.
Euler deconvolution technique could be applied to gravity data to estimate depth and location of the gravity
source anomalies. In details, faults could be interpreted from Euler deconvolution by using structure index (SI) of
0, while intrusive bodies use SI of 1. According to a test conducted in one of Indonesia geothermal prospect, it was
revealed that the Euler deconvolution could detect the location and depth of faults and intrusive bodies that has
not been recognized at the surface.
Keywords: Euler Deconvolution, Gravity, Structure Index
 Referral Area Development Based on PLTP (Geothermal Power Plant) from The Ecological
Footprint, Microtremor, and GPS Observation. Study Case: Geothermal Potential of Mount
Ijen, Bondowoso, East Java

Widya Utama, M. Taufik, SE. Prabawa, P. Ariastita, Belinda

Program Studi Teknik Geofisika, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)
(widutama@yahoo.fr)

ABSTRACT
The existence of PLTP (Geothermal Power Plant) is a form of fulfilling the needs of electrical infrastructure in a
region with sustainability concept. PLTP is an opportunity but also a threat in regional development. Thing to
consider is the construction of the location of geothermal power plant must be in a safe and appropriate
condition. In addition, the presence of PLTP allegedly able to reduce the carrying capacity of the region. A safe
location is a location which is safe from disaster and aftermath was not a disaster. Therefore comprehensive study
that consists of ecological footprint analysis, microtremor and GPS observation was used in this study. Geothermal
potential area studied is in Mount Ijen, Bondowoso, East Java. Based on study’s ecological footprint is known that
at this stage the development of geothermal power plan ecological surplus amounted to 24,140. Microtremor
studies provide information on the local rock response both tectonic earthquake and volcanic indicated by the
value of the natural frequency and low amplification dominant. While GPS observation provide information and
large shift towards land vertically and horizontally at the study site. Comprehensive analysis of these three studies
of land suitability level information for the development of geothermal power plants that land area are suitable
for the development of geothermal power plants by 56 %; quite appropriate at 40 % and amounted to 4 % does
not match.
Keywords: PLTP, Geothermal, Mount Ijen, Ecological Footprint, Micrometer, GPS
 Micro-earthquake Analysis in "Alpha" Geothermal Field: Hypocenter Relocation, Local
Magnitude Determination, and Moment Tensor Inversion

Hasbi Ash Shiddiqi, Wiku Widyoyudo, Akhmad Fanani Akbar, Afnimar, Andri Dian Nugraha, Rachmat Sule, Yosep
Kusnadi
Institut Teknologi Bandung
(h.a.shiddiqi@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
A series of micro-earthquake (MEQ) monitoring were conducted "Alpha” geothermal field in 1998, 2005 and
2007/2008. We have analyzed 474 micro-earthquake data from those monitoring projects. Considering that MEQ
hypocenter is an important parameter in seismicity analysis, we conducted hypocenter relocation using highly
precision double-difference relocation algorithm. We determined local magnitude of those MEQ in order to assess
the safety of seismicity in this field. From magnitudes determination, we found that the range of micro-earthquake
magnitudes from this field are from ML -1.4 to ML 2.4 and 85% of those event have local magnitude below ML 1.
The local magnitude range of those MEQs indicated that seismicity during MEQ monitoring is too small to be felt
on the surface. We also performed full moment tensor inversion to analyze the source mechanism to acquire a
better understanding of micro-earthquake source mechanisms in "Alpha" geothermal field. Our inversion result
shows that most of those MEQs have more than 50% non-double couple component (compensated linear vector
dipoles and volumetric). This result may indicate that those MEQ mechanisms could possibly caused by shear and
extensional faulting associated with fluid and steam flow.
Keywords: micro-earthquake, geothermal, hypocenter relocation, local magnitude, moment tensor
 Structural and Dynamic Assessment of Geothermal Reservoirs from Multiparameter
Observations: Example in West Java, Indonesia

Philippe Jousset, Rachmat Sule, Wahyuddin Diningrat, Devy Syahbana, Alexandra Gassner, Sebastien Guichard,
Fanani Akbar, Riskiray Ryannugroho, Andri Hendryana, Yosep Kusnadi, Andri Nugraha, Muksin Umar, Makky Jaya,
Kemal Erbas and Bambang Pramono
International Centre for Geothermal Research at Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ
Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
e-mail philippe.jousset@gfz-potsdam.de

ABSTRACT
We assess geothermal resources from our understanding of the structure and the dynamics of geothermal
reservoirs and hydrothermal systems in the south of Bandung. The co-existence of a large variety of intense
surface manifestations like geysers, hot-steaming grounds, hot water pools, and active volcanoes suggest an
intimate coupling between volcanic, tectonic and hydrothermal processes in this area. In order to estimate
structural features of this volcanic complex, we deployed a geophysical network around geothermal areas. We
started with a network of 30 seismic stations including 26 high-dynamic broadband Güralp and Trillium sensors
(0.008 - 100 Hz) and 4 short-period (1 Hz) sensors from October 2012 to December 2013. We extended the
network in June 2013 with 18 short-period seismometers. In order to access dynamical features and relate them
to the structure, we deployed a geodetic network including a continuously recording gravity meter, a GPS station
and tilt-meters. We describe the set-up of the seismic and geodetic networks and we discuss first observations and
results. Earthquakes locations were estimated using a non-linear algorithm, and revealed at least 3 earthquake
clusters. We perform joint inversion of hypo-center and velocity tomography. We discuss the resulting seismic
pattern within the area and relate the structure to the distribution of hydrothermal systems. The integration of
our observations and interpretations will allow us to achieving a better understanding of structures and the
dynamics of those geothermal reservoirs. This approach contributes to the exploration and the sustainable and
optimal exploitation of geothermal resources in Indonesia.
Determining Qp, Qs, and Qp/Qs Ratio Structures Using Micro-Earthquake Waveform Data in
the “NHA” Geothermal Exploration

Muhammad Naufal Hafiyyan1, Andri Dian Nugraha2

1
Study Program of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institute of Technology Bandung
2
Global Geophysical Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institute of Technology Bandung
(nugraha@gf.itb.ac.id)

ABSTRACT
We conducted attenuation tomography inversion using micro-earthquake data in the “NHA” geothermal
exploration field. We analyzed dynamic range of micro-earthquake waveform for determining the operator
attenuation (t*) of P-and S-wave to invert for Qp, Qs, and Qp/Qs ratio frequency independent structures
(attenuation = Q-1) using spectral fitting and spectral ratio methods. For the attenution tomography inversion,
the 3-D seismic velocities result from previous study was used in this study. The results of attenuation in this study
show the low Qp/Qs ratio region is observed close to the production well which is consistent with low Vp/Vs ratio
from previous study. This phenomenon probably correlated with the existing of steam zone around geothermal
reservoir.
Keywords : geothermal, micro-earthquake, tomography, attenuation
 Tomographic Inversion Using Micro-Earthquake Waveform Data in the “BS” Geothermal
Exploration Field

Billy S Prabowo1, Mia Uswatun Hasanah2, Rachmat Sule3, Andri Dian Nugraha4, Yosep Kusnadi5
1
Geothermal Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, ITB
2
Near Surface Geophysics Laboratory, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, ITB
3
Applied Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, ITB
4
Global Geophysical Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, ITB
(billysprabowo@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
We analyzed high dynamic range of micro-earthquake waveform data in order to determine t* operator
attenuation to invert for Qp and Qs frequency independent tomography. The objective of this study is to delineate
fluid and steam saturated zone around “BS” geothermal reservoir zone. We have determined t* of P-and S-wave
as input for the Q-tomographic inversion to image Qp and Qs structures around reservoir. During the inversion, we
used 3-D seismic velocities structure from the previous study. Our preliminary results show strong low Qp and low
Qs values around reservoir zone which may be associated with steam saturated zone. The obtained Q parameters
in this study will give additional impormation for much better contstraint in the interpretation of subsurface in
geothermal exploration.
Keywords: attenuation, tomography, microseismic, geothermal
3-D Shear Wave Splitting Tomography Using Micro-earthquake Data in the Geothermal Field

Tania Meidiana1 and Andri Dian Nugraha2

1
Master Program of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung,
2
Global Geophysical Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
(tania.meidiana@hotmail.com)

ABSTRACT
In this study, we developed a three-dimensional shear wave splitting tomography method in order to image
subsurface anisotropy distribution in the geothermal field. Shear wave splitting occur when linear shear wave
travels through anisotropic medium lead to orthogonal slow and parallel fast shear wave. There are two important
parameters which are associated with shear wave splitting event such as the polarization direction and the
differential delay time between the arrival of the fast and slow shear wave. Our results show there are three
predominant polarization direction groups in geothermal field including 150 - 450 NE, 550 -900 NE, and 1250 -
1350 NE. The delay time averages for each station has a range between 0.01 - 0.05 s.
Anisotropy distribution is indicated by a parameter of anisotropy percentage (K). In this study, we show anisotropy
percentage range between 0 - 1 %. Area with high anisotropy percentage is generally located around production
wells with variations value in the Vp/Vs ratio. In conjunction with P-wave velocity (Vp), S-wave velocity (Vs), or
attenuation structures, development of three-dimensional shear wave splitting method is expected to provide
usefull additional information for the geothermal field interpretation.
Keywords: Shear wave splitting, polarization direction, delay time ,anisotropy, geothermal.
 Introduction A Geothermal Subject Matter to Physic Program Curriculum: Case Study on
Surface Manifestation

Nanang Dwi Ardi

Physics Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

(nanang_dwiardi@upi.edu)

Abstract
Lack of human resources in geothermal energy development is a challenge for Indonesia. Physics program is one
of institution that it should answer the problem. From background analysis, most students in our department did
not understand about geothermal, even just in definition. To encourage about geothermal knowledge, we have
been conducted an inserted curriculum on geothermal theme, especially in earth physics student class interest.
The students will take courses for Geology Geophysics, Geophysics Exploration as a compulsory, but Geothermal
Thermodynamics as a supplementary. Although as an elective course, Geothermal Thermodynamics has an
important role to enhance a contemporary and coherent understanding of geothermal energy, physics, and their
interrelationships, then the course is opened to fifth semester students to fulfill their first concept about
geothermal. But, taking the course on that semester still brings a fundamental problem, such as surface
manifestation. Then, integrated measure should be taken to get comprehensive understanding about the concept.
Geology Geophysics helps the students to understand the system and Exploration Geophysics makes them know
well about how to survey it. The effort of this integration is profile from a measurement with resistivitymeter
above the surface manifestation. Futhermore, physics students will response the challenge about geothermal
lackness in human resources.
Keywords: Physics, geothermal curriculum, surface manifestation
 Geochemistry Geothermal Area in Sulili, pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi

Anna Yushantarti, Sitti Nur Asnin, Dede Iim setiawan

Center for Geological Resources and Institut Tecnology Bandung
(untuk.anna@gmail.com)

Abstract
Sulili geothermal area is located in Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi Province. Sulili geothermal area is dominated
by northwest-southeast structure which forms depression, part of Walanae structure. The youngest product in
Sulili is Trachitic Tirassa which is 0,7 ± 0,2 ma or Pliocen. Sulili has chloride type of waters based on Cl-SO4-HCO3
diagram and plots in partial equilibrium zone based on Na-K-Mg diagram. The temperature of reservoir is about
210oC from Na-K geothermometry.
Keywords: Geothermal, Geochemistry, Suliil, Sulawesi
 Preliminary Results of Probabilistic Seismic Hazards Analysis At “DAZ” Geothermal Field

Dicky Ahmad Zaky1, Andri Dian Nugraha1 , Rachmat Sule1, Yosep Kusnadi2
1
Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung, Indonesia.
2
Star Energy, Indonesia.
(d.ahmad.zaky@gmail.com)

Abstract
This study is intended to assess possibility of seismic hazard in “DAZ” field using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard
Analysis (PSHA) method. The data will be used are recording of seismogram from October 2012 to August 2013.
Routine data processing such as event determination, picking arrival time of P and S wave, hypocenter location
and magnitude determination will be conducted first before analyzing the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
(PSHA).
Our preliminary results show that most of micro-earthquake hypocenters are occurring at depths of 3 - 4 km. This
also could be identified from time difference between arrival time P and S wave, about 1,5 – 2,5 s. Hence, could be
known that the earthquakes occurred underneath the reservoir of “DAZ” field. Interesting result, the possible
source of micro-earthquake at this depth is the local fault or volcanism activities. The next steps that will be
conducted are moment magnitude (Mw) and seismic moment (M0) determinations which will be used in calculate
the “b” value and PSHA. The results of PSHA are hazard curve and map which show the probability of seismic
hazard. Later, the results are expected could give recommendations related to risk of seismic hazard in “DAZ”
geothermal field.
Key words: PSHA, seismic hazard, moment magnitude, geothermal
 The Integrated Geophysical Data Of The Diwak and Derekan Geothermal Hot Springs,
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

Udi Harmoko, Gatot Yulianto, Sugeng Widada, Yusuf D.H., Sahid

Geophysics Lab., Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

(diansya1@gmail.com)

Abstract
The Diwak and Derekan hot springs are located at the Bergas Sub district, Semarang Regency, Central Java,
Indonesia. Each of the main geothermal activities is used for tourists area proposes. The geology, geochemistry
and geophysical explorations have been proposed to improve the geothermal benefits. We present integrated
geophysical data to characterize a geothermal system at the hot springs. The resistivity model indicates the hot
springs are located in a region of intersecting fault trends associated with direction of river flows, Lutung and
Klampok rivers.
Magnetic and gravity data characterize this major fault along with other smaller scale structures in the area. A 3D
resistivity data indicates that water is upwelling in the fault plane, and suggests that the fault does provide the
means for heated water to migrate to the surface. The reserve potential of the geothermal reservoir was
estimated to be about 165,63 kWe as calculated by heat loss method.
Keywords: Diwak, Derekan, geophysics, potential, heat loss
 Preliminary Results of Seismic Anisotropy Analysis Using Micro-Earthquake Waveform Data
In “BQ” Geothermal Field, West Java, Indonesia

Bilqis Afifah Amatullah1, Andri Dian Nugraha1 , Rachmat Sule1, Yosep Kusnadi2
1
Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung, Indonesia.
2
Star Energy, Indonesia.
(bilqis_amatullah@yahoo.com)

Abstract
“BQ” geothermal field is located in West Java, Indonesia. In this study, we used micro-earthquake waveform data
to analyze subsurface anisotropy structure around reservoir of the geothermal field through estimating the delay
time between S-wave slow and S-wave slow seismic velocity. There are several steps to be conducted including
event identification, pick of P-and S-wave arrival times, and micro-earthquake hypocenter determination. Our
preliminary results show 51 micro-earthquakes and 13 regional events have been identified from continuos dense
seismic network monitoring in the area study. Future work, we will add more micro-earthquake data, determining
the events location and finally conducting seismic anisotropy analysis in this geothermal field.
Keywords: Micro-earthquake, geothermal, anisotropy
 Preliminary Results of Identification of Fluid Saturation Zone Using Seismic Attenuation
Tomography from Micro-Earthquake Data in “FF” Geothermal Field

Fadli Faturrahman R1, Andri Dian Nugraha1, Rachmat Sule1, Yosep Kusnadi2
1
Geothermal Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
2
Star Energy, Indonesia
(ijoel.fi@gmail.com)

Abstract
Micro-seismic mapping has been proved to be a valuable technology for geothermal reservoir monitoring
hydraulic fractures, fluid saturation zone and other reservoir processes. Seismic attenuation tomography is one of
the method that can be used to determine fluid saturation zone. This method use attenuation values (Qp, Qs and
Qp/Qs ratio) and then compare the result with velocity profiles (Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs ratio) to determine the fluid
saturation zone. Result of previous attenuation tomography study successfully showed the pressence of fluid
saturation zone. In this study, we expect to get the same result using micro-earthquake data from dense seismic
network monitoring. Futhermore, we also want to see changes in the distribution of fluid saturation zone from
2007. These result are expected to help the strategy for increasing the capacity of power plant.
Keywords: micro-earthquake, attenuation tomography, fluid saturation
 Preliminary Results of Micro-Earthquake Hypocenter Determination and Focal Mechanism
Analysis In “NV” Geothermal Field, West Java, Indonesia

Nevi Nurviani Vilanti1, Andri Dian Nugraha1, Rachmat Sule1, Yosep Kusnadi2

1 Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung, Indonesia.

2 Star Energy, Indonesia.
(en.vilanti@gmail.com)

Abstract
Fracture and permeability zones in the geothermal exploration are very important to determine appropriate
well bore. “NV” geothermal field is located in West Java, Indonesiawithin volcanic line in Java island. The
objective of this study is estimate fracture and permeablity zone through microearthquake events analysis such as
hypocenter and focal mechanisme analysis in this region. We started from micro-earthquake waveform.
Identification, determining P- (tp) and S- (ts) wave arrival times (ts-tp less than 5 seconds), micro-earthquake
hypocenter determination, and finally will conduct waveform inversion to calculate focal mehcanism in order
to delineate a source mechsnism of this event. As preliminary results, we have been identified 11 micro-
earthquakes events around this geothermal field. We will show more information about this study during the
conference.
Keywords: Micro-earthquake, hypocenter, focal mechanism, permeability.