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• Geomatics is an acronym formed by “Geo” that
INTRODUCTION TO GEOMATIC
ENGINEERING
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• Modern discipline, which integrates acquisition,
modelling, analysis, and management of spatially
referenced data, i.e. data identified according to
their locations.
• It uses terrestrial, marine, airborne, and satellite-
based sensors to acquire spatial and other data. It
normally transforms the spatially referenced data
from different sources into common information
systems.
• Geomatics is a new term that formerly known as
surveying.
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• To prepare a topographical map.
• To prepare an engineering map
• To prepare a military map
• To prepare a contour map
• To prepare a geological map
• To prepare an archeological map.
• To prepare a cadastral map
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means the Earth, while the term “matics” refers to
the information.
• Science, art, and technology of determining the
relative positions of points above, on, or beneath
the earth’s surface, or establishing such points.
(Ghilani and Wolf,2008)
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• The science and art of making all essential
measurement in space to determine the relative
positions and points and/or physical and cultural
details above, on, or beneath the earth’s surface
and to depict them in usable form, or to establish
the position of points and/ or details.(ASCE &
ACSM)
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Plane surveying
• The curvature of earth is not taken into consideration. Thus it
is treats as a flat plane.
• The instrument is always leveled according to the center of
the earth (gravity level/plumb bob).
• Only appropriate for smaller areas.
(less than 250 km2)
Geodetic surveying
• The curvature of the earth is taken into consideration.
• Used for the area exceeding the 250 km2
• Used mostly for national mapping programs/national
boundaries.
• Very precise surveys of great magnitude.
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Preliminary survey
• Data gathering • The basic principle of surveying is to be able to
• Geospatial data – distances, position and angles work out the position of a point from some other
• Locate physical position- water boundaries, trees, roads, structure,
property marker
point or points, positioning from the known features
• Determination of difference in elevation (vertical distance) to the unknown ones.

Layout survey
• Marking on the ground – wood stakes, iron bars, concrete
monuments, nails, spikes, etc…
• Property lines, engineering works (roads, pipelines, bridges) and
construction surveying

Control survey
• Use as reference both preliminary and layout survey.
• Horizontal and Vertical control (benchmarks)
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Property surveys
Topographic surveys • Preliminary, layout and control survey
• Preliminary survey-natural & manmade involve in determine boundary
surface features of an area. location/laying out new property boundary

Hydrographic surveys Construction surveys

• Preliminary survey-underwater Layout survey for engineering works
features to surface control points
(shorelines, marine features, water Final (as-built) surveys
depth)
• Similar to preliminary survey
• Provide final record of constructed features
Route surveys has proceed according to design plan
• Preliminary, layout and control survey
for narrow-long strip of land (highway,
Aerial surveys
railroads, electric transmission lines,
channel) • Preliminary and final survey using aerial
photography and imagery. Use of digital
camera, lidar, radar
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Commonly used in field surveying are:

• Total Station
• Level & Rod
• Theodolite
• Steel Tape

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Global Positioning System (GPS)

• Navigation and identify the coordinate of certain
location.

Remote Sensing Technique

• Using satellite image

Geographical Information System (GIS)

• Computer technology used GIS for data analysis,
storage and updating the database.

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Geographic reference
• Earth reference system – denoted by geographic lines of latitude and longitude
• Latitude - run east/west (parallel to equator)
• Longitude – run north/south converging at the pole
• Use in navigation and geodesy

Grid reference
• Grid system for a states/province
• Ease of calculation (plane geometry) and availability datum for large area
(thousand miles)

Legal reference
• Township subdivide by section and ranges (lot) that unique numbered

Vertical reference
• Can be reference to any datum. Datum most used are Mean Sea Level (MSL).
• MSL is assigned an elevation of 0 ft or 0 meter.

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