Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Hyperosmolar
State
Care
Pathway
1
–
Presenta8on
to
6
hours
Page
1
of
2
Time
of
Arrival
:
Loca8on
Date
/
/
HHS
Diagnosis
–
the
characteris8c
features
of
a
person
with
HHS
are:
a) Hypovolaemia
b) Marked
hyperglycaemia
(30
mmol/L
or
more)
without
significant
hyperketonaemia
(less
than
3
mmol/L),
ketonuria
AFFIX
PATIENT
LABEL
(2+
or
less)
or
acidosis
(H+
<45
mmol/L,
HCO3-‐
>
15
mmol/L)
c) Osmolality
usually
320
mosmol/kg
or
more
A
mixed
picture
of
HHS
and
DKA
may
occur
Plasma osmolality is calculated as: (2 x Na+) + glucose + urea : regular assessment is mandatory
Aim
to
give
0.5
–
1
L/hr
0.9%
Sodium
Chloride
(depending
on
clinical
fluid
balance
assessment)
Measure
glucose
and
U&Es
hourly
and
calculate
osmolality
1h
2h
3h
4h
5h
6h
Adjust
fluid
administra8on
based
on
clinical
assessment
and
hourly
assessment
of
osmolality
(guidance
note
2)
Potassium
replacement:
follow
guidance
note
4
If
blood
glucose
falling
less
than
5
mmol/L
check
fluid
balance.
If
posi8ve
balance
inadequate
–
increase
rate
of
0.9%
Sodium
Chloride
infusion.
If
posi8ve
balance
adequate
–
start
IV
insulin
at
0.05
units/kg/hr
(or
increase
rate
to
0.1
units/kg/hr
if
already
running)
Aim
to
keep
glucose
between
10
–
15
mmol/L.
If
glucose
falls
below
14
mmol/L
–
commence
10%
glucose
at
125
ml/hr
AND
CONTINUE
sodium
chloride
solu8on
Joint
Bri8sh
Diabetes
Socie8es
HHS
protocol
August
2012
NHS
Lothian
version
3
F.
Gibb
and
S.
Ritchie
01/04/2014
HHS
pa8ent
data
flow
chart
First
12
hours
Presentation After 1 hour After 2 hours After 3 hours After 4 hours
Respiratory rate
SaO2 (%)
OBSERVATIONS
Inspired O2 (%)
Temperature (°C)
BP (mmHg) / / / / /
Heart rate
SEWS
Sodium (mmol/L)
BIOCHEMISTRY
Urea (mmol/L)
Potassium (mmol/L)
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)
After 5 hours After 6 hours After 7 hours After 8 hours After 9 hours After 10 hours After 11 hours After 12 hours
: : : : : : : :
/ / / / / / / /
HHS
Aims:
a) Ensure
clinical
and
biochemical
parameters
are
improving
b) Con8nue
IV
fluid
replacement
(posi8ve
balance
of
3-‐6
litres
by
12
hours
and
replacement
of
es8mated
losses
by
24
hours)
AFFIX
PATIENT
LABEL
c) Assess
for
complica8ons
of
treatment
d) Con8nue
trea8ng
underlying
precipitant(s)
e) Avoid
hypoglycaemia
Review
fluid
balance
to
date
and
es8mate
fluid
deficit
to
be
replaced
in
the
12
–
24
hour
period:
Es8mated
minimum
fluid
loss
at
presenta8on
(guidance
note
3):
_________litres
Fluid
replaced
to
12
hours:
_________litres
Residual
volume
to
be
replaced
between
12
–
24
hours:
_________litres
Measure
and
record
glucose
hourly;
U&Es
and
calculated
osmolality
4
hourly
(2
hourly
if
not
improving)
Follow
guidance
note
2
if
osmolality
is
not
falling
at
the
required
rate.
Adjust
insulin
(if
running)
as
previously
described.
Replace
potassium
as
indicated
in
guidance
note
4.
Assess
for
complica8ons
and
ensure
senior
review
if
pa8ent
(or
biochemistry)
not
improving
Joint
Bri8sh
Diabetes
Socie8es
HHS
protocol
August
2012
NHS
Lothian
version
3
F.
Gibb
and
S.
Ritchie
01/04/2014
HHS
pa8ent
data
flow
chart
13
to
24
hours
After 13 hours After 14 hours After 15 hours After 16 hours After 17 hours
Respiratory rate
SaO2 (%)
OBSERVATIONS
Inspired O2 (%)
Temperature (°C)
BP (mmHg) / / / / /
Heart rate
SEWS
Sodium (mmol/L)
BIOCHEMISTRY
Urea (mmol/L)
Potassium (mmol/L)
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)
After 18 hours After 19 hours After 20 hours After 21 hours After 22 hours After 23 hours After 24 hours
: : : : : : :
/ / / / / / /
Hyperglycaemic
Hyperosmolar
State
Care
Pathway
2
–
From
6
hours
to
3
days
Page
2
of
2
Fluid
(Potassium)
prescrip<on
sheet
FLUID
VOL
RATE
PRINT
NAME
SERIAL
NO
TIME
BEGUN
GIVEN
BY
(ml)
DATE
POTASSIUM
DOSE
SIGNATURE
BATCH
NO
(mmol)
A
500ml
:
B
500ml
:
C
500ml
:
D
500ml
:
E
500ml
:
F
500ml
:
G
500ml
:
H
500ml
:
I
500ml
:
Once
Blood
Glucose
<14
mmol/L
start
Glucose
10%
J
Glucose
10%
500ml
:
K
Glucose
10%
500ml
:
L
:
Intravenous
Insulin
Prescrip<on
PRINT
NAME
GIVEN
BY
DATE
TIME
INSULIN
RATE
(units/hr)
TYPE
OF
INSULIN
SIGNATURE
:
ACTRAPID
:
ACTRAPID
:
ACTRAPID
SECTION 3. ESTIMATED MINIMUM FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE LOSSES (AT PRESENTATION)
ACTIVE
Presence of active ulceration, spreading infection, critical ischaemia, Rapid referral to Multi-
gangrene or unexplained hot, red, swollen foot with or without the disciplinary Foot Team.
presence of pain.
HIGH
RISK
Previous ulceration or amputation or more than one risk factor present Use foam heel protectors to
e.g. loss of sensation or signs of peripheral vascular disease with callus reduce heel ulcer risk.
or deformity.
MEDIUM
RISK
One risk factor present e.g. loss of sensation or signs of peripheral Annual podiatry input—no
vascular disease without callus or deformity. urgent action required.
LOW
RISK
No risk factors present e.g. no loss of sensation, no signs of peripheral Annual screening—no urgent
vascular disease and no other risk factors. action required.
Joint Bri8sh Diabetes Socie8es HHS protocol August 2012 NHS Lothian version 3 F. Gibb and S. Ritchie 01/04/2014