Name pei Se oe Fo ‘Weathering and Sbil Formation * Section Summary Rocks and Weathering Guide for Reading 1» How do weathering and erosion affect Barth’s surface? 1» What are the causes of mechanical weathering and chemical weathering? 1» What determines how fast weathering occurs? Weathering isthe process that breaks down rock and other substances of “Ennis sttfce, Erosion isthe removal of rock partic by wind, watt, Ke, or gravity, The weather erosion tha geologists observe today also shaped Earth's urface milins of Years ago. How do geologists know this? Geologists make inferences based On the prindple of niformitaranism.This principle ats thatthe sane processes that operte today operated inthe pas. ‘There are wo kinds of weathering: mechanical weathering and chemical weathering Both types of weathering act slowiy, but overtime they break dlown even the biggest, hardest rocks Te type of weathering in whieh rock {spphyscally broken into smaller pieces i caled mechanical weathering. "The term abrasion refers to the grinding away of rock by rock pasticles carried bby water, ice, wind, or gravity. In cool climates, water expands when it freezes and acts asa wedge. This ‘process is called ice wedging. With repeated freezing and thawing, cracks Slowly expand unl plese of Fock break of ‘Another type of weathering that attacks rocks is chemical weathering, a process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. ial weathering can produce new ‘minerals ait breaks down rock. Chemical and mechanical weathering often. ‘work together. As mechanical weathering breaks rocks into pieces, more surface area becomes exposed to chemical weathering. ‘Water is the most important cause of chemical weathering. Water ‘weathers rock by dissolving it.The oxygen in air is an important cause of chemical weathering. Iron combines with oxygen inthe presence of water in 1 process called oxidation. The product of oxidation is rust. sme types of rock ‘weather more rapidly than others. For example, some rock weathers easly because itis permeable, which means that itis full of air spaces that allow’ ‘water to seep through it (© Ps ra, ising Ps Per. Mis sepo lee ao mes mation * Guided Reading and Study Name. ‘ ‘Weathering and Soll Rocks and Weathering “This section describes how rocks are broken down by forces of weathering. The section also describes factors that determine how quickly weathering occurs Use Target Reading Skills ‘As you read identify the causes of chemical weathering. Write them in the graphic organizer below, causes inaee tee . Paci cer i; coed Carn af Weathering and Erosion 33 Match Se prose wi to denxpon Process Denton Lo. weathern ‘a. Movement of rock particles by wind, 2 s water ice, or gravity “2. erosion Toning ote of eck te ar stances at Earth’s surface 3. Complete the concept map, “Types of Weathering (© Pons ai sing Pe Pe Mis aeName Hage ow la/iC fe om PD Weathering and Sel Formation * Guided Reading and Study Rocks and Weathering (continued) ‘Mechanical Weathering ‘4. The ype of weathering in which rock is physically broken ino smaller Pleetleclled rede essen wenting, 5, List the forces of mechanical weathering. a fouerd fotos WAUuse of prosowe « adil flecte cebsonc sft ebinwte 6. Whatis abrasion? a Atay 6 a cob : CM! Mee. sd Bo Granby - ra Coens eo wedsing Water seepsinto ads. (© Fs na lig Pn Pi. MigsName Date ake cm 0-2 Weathering and{Soil Formation + Guided Reading and Study '8. Would the process in the cycle diagram in #7 workin areas near Earth's equator? Explain. c No beeenst ob He ay eben vresler gets not free2 c Chemical Weathering 9. The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes is Ghiensemt weathering 10. List the agents of chemical weathering a ae BSG, cares. Darcde a. Sh re bar eet own 1. Is the following sentence true or false? Chemical weathering produces rock particles with the same mineral makeup asthe rock they came from. __sfe(5@ ‘Match the cause of chemical weathering with the statement that is true about Cause Statement <& 22.water 2. Teeauses iron to rust, ~& 13. oxygen ». Tiscaused by polation. G14. catbon dioxide It's the most important cause. © 15.tiving organisms 4. It forms carbonic acid, D6 acid rain . Lichens are one example. 17, Isthe following sentence truco false? Water weathers rockby gradually distolving it Po 18, Oxygen weathers rock through a process called 19, List two kinds of rock that are easily weathered by carbonic aid acre b___ [dene rane (© Fea na, ing Pn Pei a. Migs PeName thas ec pae tALC/ 6 cass LS Weathering andSbil Formation * Guided Racing and Study Rocks and Weathering (continu) 20, Hw do plants dissolve rock? Sesetve cack by precdves Wonk nedc =e me ra KE Rate of Weathering 21, The most important factors that determine the rate of weathering are type of rock and _c-LSrnes 22. Isthe following sentence true or false? The minerals that make up arock determine how fas it weathers. 23, Arock thats filly, connected ar spaces i sid tobe able 24, Why does a permeable rock weather chemically at fast rate? wher £ehar anal Secwe C ek aveh Wesolsih (© Fs va, pli oP ef. is seane Hae 0 rm OUCH, cum Oe ‘Weathering arld/Soll Formation + Review and Reinforce Rocks and Weathering Understanding Main Ideas Flin the blanks inthe tale below. Cause ‘Type Description oe Rock particles wear tbewst ee {Mechanical away rock "Forms from coal, ol, PYAaY Waren |Chernical land gas burning Breaks roc by ie Frezingandthaving (a. Preerrevirt_ [wedging e Fons combo aid carbon dione le wht teml [nwa Weathers marble and s.Cacberce cetd _ |chemical limestone [Burrowing im the é.eorsecel eect tscur [Mechanical ground breaks rock Roots pry apar cracks Plant growth in reupetnnmteo' lin rock. ; [Produce weak acid Living onganisn fp. ttreese | ___ [tir wonthers:ock [Causes mist on some loaygen s. bones roe Answer the following questions om a separate sheet of paper. 10. Fow doc excondiferfron weaberig? pe ocbteehuA eo Building Vocabulary Flin the lank to complete each statement 2 Secocdon _ isthemovement of rock patces by wind, oeiepee ss, Daereei al €. _ means thatamaeria has epacs tallow ‘water to seep through i 14, The process thatbreaks down sock and other materials at Bath's surface is called ww Casts bore 15. The grinding away of rock by alr ock paresis called TRovaN, 16, "The process by which ie widens and deepens craks in rocks called el weds, (© Fes ai, lig Pa Pa. MitHoag fai ha Rocks and Weathering Review and Reinforce 14110. How does erosion differ from weathering? Erosion isthe movement of rock particles by wind, water, ce, or gravity, and weatheringis the process that breaks down rock and other materials at the Earth's surface 4111, What factors determine the rate of weathering? ‘The type of rock and the climate determine the rate of weathering.