HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER BMCT 3143 TUTORIAL 09

APRIL2014

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER BMCT 3143

TUTORIAL 10 – Heat Exchangers

1. What are the heat transfer mechanisms involved during heat transfer in a liquid-to-liquid
heat exchanger from the hot to the cold fluid?

2. Under what conditions is the thermal resistance of the tube in a heat exchanger
negligible?

3. How is the thermal resistance due to fouling in a heat exchanger accounted for? How do
the fluid velocity and temperature affect fouling?

4. In the heat transfer relation Q   UA T for a heat exchanger, what is T called?

s lm lm

How is it calculated for a parallel-flow and counter-flow heat exchanger?

5. A double-pipe heat exchanger is constructed of a copper (k = 380 W/m.K) inner tube of

internal diameter Di = 1.2 cm and external diameter Do = 1.6 cm and an outer tube of diameter
3.0 cm. The convection heat transfer coefficient is reported to be h i = 800 W/m2.K on the inner
surface of the tube and ho = 240 W/m2.K on its outer surface. For a fouling factor R f.i = 0.0005
m2.K/W on the shell side, determine (a) the thermal resistance of the heat exchanger per unit
length and (b) the overall heat transfer coefficients U i and Uo based on the inner and outer
surface areas of the tube, respectively.

6. Water at an average temperature of 110 C and an average velocity of 3.5 m/s flows
through a 7 m long stainless steel tube (k = 14.2 W/m.K) in a boiler. The inner and outer
diameter of the tube are Di = 1.0 cm and Do = 1.4 cm, respectively. The fouling factor on the
inner surface of the tube is assumed to have a value of R f,i = 0.0005 m2.K/W. If the convection
heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface of the tube where boiling is taking place is h o =
7200 W/m2.K, determine the overall heat transfer coefficient U i of this boiler based on the inner
surface area of the tube.

7. A counter-flow heat exchanger is stated to have an overall heat transfer coefficients of

284 W/m2.K when operating at design and clean condition. Hot fluid enters the tube side at 27
C and exits at 38 C. After a period of use, built-up scale in the heat exchanger gives a fouling
factor of 0.0004 m2.K/W. If the surface area is 93 m 2, determine (a) the rate of heat transfer in
the heat exchanger and (b) the mass flow rates of both hot and cold fluids. Assume both hot
and cold fluids have a specific heat of 4.2 kJ/kg.K.

8. A test is conducted to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient in a shell-and-tube

oil-to-water heat exchanger that has 24 tubes of internal diameter 1.2 cm and length 2 m in a
single shell. Cold water (c p = 4180 J/kg.K) enters the tubes at 20 C at a rate of 3 kg/s and
leaves at 55 C. Oil (cp = 2150 J/kg.K) flows through the shell and is cooled from 120 C to 45
C. Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient U i of this heat exchanger based on the inner
surface area of the tubes.

9. A cross-flow heat exchanger with both fluids unmixed has an overall heat transfer
coefficient of 200 W/m 2.K, and a heat transfer surface area of 400 m 2. The hot fluid has a heat
capacity of 40,000 W/K, while the cold fluid has a heat capacity of 80000 W/K. If the inlet
temperatures of both hot and cold fluids are 80 C and 20 C, respectively, determine the exit
temperature of the cold fluid.

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