LAPLACE TRANFORMS & DYNAMICS

4. A process fluid is heated in a steam jacketed vessel by saturated steam (with no entrained
water) at 5barabs . The heater has a working volume of 60m 3, and a heat transfer capability
of UA=8.64x105 kJ.h-1.K-1. The heater normally warms the fluid from 60oC to 120oC.
Assuming perfect mixing, perfect level control and insignificant dynamics in the steam
jacket, derive a dynamic model for the process and so calculate the outlet temperature
response to a step change in the inlet temperature of process fluid of +5oC.
5.
PID ALGORITHM

Qtn 3

a) Explain the term integral saturation and the situations where it might appear. Discuss
techniques that can be used to prevent it.
b) A small mixer has been designed for pre-mixing a drug preparation prior to continuous dosing
to a patient. The device mixes a small amount of the liquid preparation with a larger amount
of pure saline. The arrangement is shown in the figure below. Derive a model that shows how
the delivered concentration of the drug ‘XD ’ changes in response to changes in the pure drug
mass flowrate (MD ). You may assume constant and equal densities in all streams and that the
volumetric flowrate of the drug stream is much small than F s State clearly any other
assumptions you make.
 c) The dose delivered to the patient needs to be increased, in steps, several times during the
treatment. The delivered concentration needs to track the concentration setpoint EXACTLY
once steady-state is reached, and there must be NO OVERSHOOT in the response. Design a
simple feedback controller that will achieve this by manipulating the pure drug mass flowrate,
and calculate the tuning constant(s) for the system with the nominal values shown below:

Qtn 4
Qtn 5:

Consider the modified stirred-tank mixing system below, the original concentration of the third tank
remains 3 percent.

Qtn 6:

For the series reactors below, the outlet concentration is controlled at 0.414 mole/m3 by adjusting the
inlet concentration with a proportional-only feedback controller. At the initial base case operation, the
valve is 50 percent open, giving Cao = 0.925 mole/m3 for a first order reaction.
Miscellaneous Questions

1. The level-flow system is below is to be analyzed. The flow Fo is constant. The flow F3 depends on the
valve opening but not on the levels, whereas flows F1 and F2 depend on the varying pressures (i.e.,
levels). The system is initially at steady state, and a step increase in F3 is made by adjusting the valve.
Determine the dynamic response of the levels and flows using an approximate linear model. Without
specific numerical values, sketch the approximate dynamic behavior of the variables.

2. In the tank system below the outflow drains through the outlet pipe with a restriction (of the
order as we discussed in class) however for this question, a first-order chemical reaction occurs
in the tank. Given the following data, plot the operating window, i.e., the range of possible steady-
state operating conditions, with coordinates of level and concentration of A. Discuss the effectof
changing reactor temperature on the operating window, if any.
3. The process shown in below is to be modelled and analyzed. It consists of a mixing tank, mixing
pipe, and CSTR. Information for modelling is given below.
Qtn 4:

Elements in a control loop for the system shown below are given with their respective dynamics. The
output signal is 0 to 100% and the displayed controlled variable is 0 to 20 wt%. Determine the response
of the indicator to a step change in the output signal from the manual station :