Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member:____________________ Dated: 18-October-2017

Semester:___________1________________ Section: _______A _________

EE-212: Basic Electronics

Lab1: INTRODUCTION TO BASIC LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Report
Viva
Name Reg. No Marks / Total/15
Marks / 5
10

Abdullah Aamir Khan 212052

Muhammad Hammad 211185

Muhammad Sohaib Raza 213790

Muhammad Idrees 217436

Hamza Naveed 237827

EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 1

Introduction
1. The first laboratory execise is to familiarize the students with the use of basic
laboratory equipment including the breadboard, power supply and the Digital
multimeter (DMM). The students will be measuring the currents and voltages of
the circuits mentioned below using the DMM.
Objectives
2. The objectives of this lab are:
2.1. To use MULTIMETER as a voltmeter and Ammeter in order to measure voltage
and current respectively.
2.2. Learn the COLOUR CODES scheme to determine the values of resistances.
2.3. Learn to patch up/make simple circuits.
2.3.1. The student will be required to use the breadboard to plug in various
resistor combinations, calculate the expected voltages and currents and
compare those with the measured values. The differences between the
calculated values and measured values would be analyzed.
Conduct of Lab
3. The students are required to work in groups of three to four; each student must
attempt to understand and use the laboratoy set-up and conduct at least one or
two parts of the requirement experimentation. The lab attendents and Teaching
Assistants will be available to assit the students.
4. In case some aspect of the lab experiment is not understood the students are
advised to seek help from the teacher, the lab attendent or the assigned
Teaching Assistant (TA).
Lab Equipment
5. The following equipment would be used in this experiment, the students are to
familiarize themselves with the equipment before its use:
5.1. Test bench (See Annexure 1)
5.2. The Multimeter
5.3. The Power Supply (See Annexure 2)
5.4. The Breadboard (See Annexure 1)
5.5. Resistors (See Annexure 2)

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Familiarization with Digital Multimeter.
Adjustment Buttons for
different parameters
EE-212: Basic Electronics
Laboratory Experiment DISPLAY
PART I
The two measuring leads of the
multimeter. The red pin is put at the
point of higher (or +ve) potential while
the black pin is put at points of lower (or
–ve) potential.
Page 3
THE MILLIMETRE CONNECTED AS AN AMMETRE

Press the button for the

required parameter value to
be measured.

e.g Press DCA button in order

to measure the DC Current

Red and White Probes are

connected as shown in the
diagram, for measuring the max
current of 2A

EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 4

THE MULTIMETRE CONNECTED AS A VOLTMETRE

Press the button for the required

parameter value to be measured.

e.g Press DCV button in order to

measure the DC Voltage

Red and Black Probes are

connected as shown in the
diagram, for measuring the max
voltage of 1000V

EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 5

MEASURING RESISTANCE WITH DMM

The button is pressed

to measure resistance.

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Notice that for measuring both voltage and resistance, the positive (red) pin is
connected in the same socket.
Consider your DMM and the pictures given above. What is the range of voltage and
current that the DMM can measure?
Range of I: __________2 A_________________________________________________________
Range of V: _____1000 V_________________________________________________________
Range of R: ______500 Ω_________________________________________________________

The circuits for this lab report are designed using a simulation software. The
following legend details the symbols used to represent different electronic
equipment.

Legend

Resistance

Power supply

Multimeter

Connecting Wires

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 PART II
MEASUREMENTS USING DMM

Simple Circuit using a known resistor / resistors

FIGURE 1

I. Calculate the current passing through the resistor R1 (known as IR1), power
absorbed by resistor R1 (PR1) and the power delivered by the source (PS).

IR1: ____________5x10-4 A_____________________________________

PR1: __________2.5x10-3 W____________________________________
PS: __________2.5x10-3 W____________________________________

II. Now connect the DMM as volt meter in order to measure the voltage in the
circuit as shown in the configuration below. Here the voltmeter is shown
connected across points B and C. To measure voltage across a different set of
points you will have to disconnect the voltmeter and connect it between the
desired points. Fill in the required results in Table 1.

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 FIGURE 2a

Now connect the DMM as ammeter in order to measure the current in the
circuit as shown in the configuration on the following page. Here the ammeter
is shown connected between points A and B. To measure current at different
points you shall have to disconnect the ammeter and connect it between the
desired points. Fill in the required results in Table 1

FIGURE 2b

SNo Value Calculated Measured Difference

1 Voltage A-B 0V 0.0001 V 0.0001 V

2 Voltage C-D 0V -0.0004 V 0.0004 V

EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 9

 3 Voltage A-C 5V 4.9963 V 0.0037 V

4 Current A-C -0.5 mA -0.449 mA 0.051 mA

5 Current C-D -0.5 mA -0.411 mA 0.089 mA

6 Current A-B 0.5 mA 0.422 mA 0.078 mA

TABLE 1
Comment on any variations observed between the measured and the calculated
values of the voltages and currents.
Little variation was observed in case of voltage and current which may be present due to
resistance in copper wires, or systematic or human error while making observations. __

Vary the voltage from 0 to 5 V in 5 steps of 1V each and note down the values of
voltage and current. Use these values to plot a graph below. From the slope of the
graph calculate the resistance and compare against the given value.

V (V)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
100 200 300 400 500
I(μA)

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Value of R : _____10936.1 Ω____________________________________________________________

%age Deviation: _____Difference of Resistance/Applied Resistance_____________________

= (10936.1-10000)/10000 *100% = 9.361%______________________

III. Repeat the method employed in part II page 9 for the following configurations
and note down the results in the table 2.

FIGURE 3a

FIGURE 3b

SNo Value Calculated Measured Difference

1 Voltage A-B 8.33 V 8.182 V 0.148 V

2 Voltage C-D 0V 0.002 V 0.002 V

3 Current A-D -1.667 mA -0.684 mA 0.983 mA

TABLE 2

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Comment on any variations observed between the measured and the calculated
values of the voltages and currents.
Little variation was observed in case of voltage and current which may be present due to
resistance in copper wires, or systematic or human error while making observations. __

IV. Repeat the method employed for part II page 9 for the following
configurations and note down the results in the table 3.

FIGURE 4a

FIGURE 4b

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 SNo Value Calculated Measured Difference

1 Voltage A-B 9.09 V 9.086 V 0.004 V

2 Voltage C-D 0V 0.002 V 0.002 V

3 Voltage D-E 0.91 V 0.9143 V 0.0043 V

4 Current A-D 0.909 mA 0.9103 mA 0.0013 mA

5 Current D-E 0.909 mA 0.91 mA 0.001 mA

TABLE 3
Comment on any variations observed between the measured and the calculated
values of the voltages and currents.
Little variation was observed in case of voltage and current which may be present due to
resistance in copper wires, or systematic or human error while making observations. __

EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 13

Figure A Figure B
Consider Figure A and B above. Utilizing what you have learned in this lab and in
class about nodes, explain in which configuration the resistor is short or active.
Explain. (Refer to Annexure 2 for further help)
The resistor is active in the configuration present in Figure A. The holes in a single panel
are wired together whereas holes of adjacent panels are not wired together. In figure A,
wires of resistor are connected in holes of a panel._____________________________

In your own words, summarize what you have learned in the lab and explain any
difficulties you encountered.
This lab taught me:___________________________________________________
1. How to use breadboard? ____________________________________________
2. How to make parallel and series combination? __________________________
3. How to use power supply? _ _________________________________________
4. How to use Digital Multimeter?_______________________________________
Problem: The ammeter showed out of limit many times._____________________

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 ANNEXURE 1
OSCILLOSCOPE TRAINER WITH MULTIMETER POWER MULTIMETER
Function
Generator BREADBOARD BENCHTOP SUPPLY HANDHELD
BOARD

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THE VERTICAL NODES OF A BREADBOARD

The Horizontal
Nodes

The Vertical
Nodes

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ANNEXURE 2
RESISTORS
CONNECTED IN
SERIES WITH
POWER SUPPLY
ACROSS THEM

RESISTORS IN
PARALLEL WITH
POWER SUPPLY
ACORSS THEM

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THE POWER SUPPLY IS SET TO DELIVER A VOLTAGE OF 4.9Volts
NOTICE THAT THE CURRENT KNOB IS TURNED A LITTLE UP. IF IT WERE SET TO
ZERO, THE POWER SUPPLY WOULD NOT SUPPLY ANY VOLTAGE

DISPLAY
Voltage CURRENT
Knob KNOB

NEGATIVE TERMINAL POSITIVE TERMINAL

EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 18

TWO RESISTORS CONNECTED IN SERIES AND PARALLEL

Notice that the left end of

the 1st resistor is
connected at node #7
while the right end is
connected at node #16
and the left hand end of
the 2nd resistor is
connected at node #16
and the right end at node
#28. Hence the resistors
share one common node
i.e. node #16.

EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 19