TAB]

Structural calculations
23 Nightingale Avenue
Date: 2010-Jun-26
Version: 0.1

Specifications:
BS EN 1991-1-3:2003 Eurocode1: Actions on structure
NA to BS EN 1991-1-3:2003 UK National annex to above
BS EN 1995-1-1:2004+A1:2008 Eurocode5: Design of Timber structures

Site
Address 23, Nightingale Avenue, Cambridge, CB1 8SG
Location Cambridge
Altitude(m) 14

General properties
Timber service class 2 (intermittently heated)

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of Timber structures

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Snow Load
Zone from NA.1 3

sk= [0.15+ (0.1Z + 0.05)] + ((A-100)/525)

where
Z is zone from National Annex Map
A is site altitude (m)
sk is characteristic ground snow load (kN/m2)

sk= 0.34

Exposure coeff Ce 1.0

Thermal coeff Ct 1.0
Exceptional snow load coeff Cesl 2.0

sAd= Cesl x sk
where sAd is design value of exception snow load on the ground (kN/m2)

sAd= 0.67 kN/m2

Exceptional snow load on the ground, and drift loads (calced from annex B) should be treated as accidental

Considering flat roof section

undrifted (s=µ1.sk)
drifted (s=µ1.Ce.Ct.sk)
for pitch angle =0 µ1 0.8
µ2 0.8
undrifted s= 0.27
drifted s= 0.27

Drifting against garage gable (using annex B)

Gable height (h) 1.5 m
Roof width (b1) 4.2 m
Across building (b) 5.2 m
for pitch angle =0 µ1=µ2=µ3
µ3 (µ3=min (2h/sk, 2b/ls, 8) where b=max(b1,b2) and ls=min(5h,b1,15))

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µ3= 2.48
s= 0.83 kN/m2

Considering pitched roof abuting house

for pitch angle =30 µ1 0.8
µ2 1.6
undrifted s= 0.27
drifted s= 0.27

Considering pitched garage roof:

for pitch angle =30 µ1 0.8
µ2 1.6
undrifted s= 0.27
drifted s= 0.27

Drifting in valley(using annex B)

height (h) 1.5 m

Wind Load

altitude adjustment: [EC1 UK 1-4, NA.2.5 (p8) for EC1 pt1-4 4.2(2)P ]
Altitude (A)= 14 m
calt=1+0.001A= 1.014 [(eqn NA.2a) (for building height <10m)]

Characteristic wind speed (vb,map)

vb,map= 22 m/s [EC1 UK 1-4 Fig NA.1 (p9)]
vb,0=vb,map *calt 24.2 m/s (eqn NA.1)
qb= 359 N

Roughness (cr(z))= 0.77 [EC1 UK 1-4 Fig NA.3 (p12)]

hdis (due to surrounding buildings)
hdis to rear= 2.4 [EC1 UK A.5]
hdis to front= 0 [EC1 UK A.5]
roughness corr(cr,T).= 0.62 [EC1 UK 1-4 Fig NA.4]
vm=vb,0*cr(z)*cr,T) = 12 m/s

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on the ground (kN/m2)

nnex B) should be treated as accidental actions.

,b2) and ls=min(5h,b1,15))

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1-4, NA.2.5 (p8) for EC1 pt1-4 4.2(2)P ]

A.2a) (for building height <10m)]

1-4 Fig NA.1 (p9)]

1-4 Fig NA.3 (p12)]

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Material properties dependent on member size

Glulam Grade: GL24
Width Height Self Mass Self Weight 2nd Moment of inertia
y (mm) z (mm) kG/m kN/m Ix (cm4)
90x90 90 90 2.84 0.03 547
115x115 115 115 4.63 0.05 1458
115x180 115 180 7.25 0.01 5589
115x225 115 225 9.06 0.09 10916
115x270 115 270 10.87 0.11 18863
90x180 90 180 5.67 0.06 4374

(kh is modification factor due to depth relative to reference timbers for fm,k and ft,0,k)

Timber Grade C24

Width Height Self Mass Self Weight 2nd Moment of inertia
y (mm) z (mm) kG/m kN/m Ix (cm4)
45x45 70 70 2.06 0.02 200
75x75 75 75 2.36 0.02 264
80x80 80 80 2.69 0.03 341
80dia 80 80 2.11 0.02 201
47x97 47 97 1.91 0.02 357
72x220 72 220 6.65 0.07 6389
75x97 75 97 3.06 0.03 570
97x97 97 97 3.95 0.04 738
100dia 100 100 3.30 0.03 491
47x122 47 122 2.41 0.02 711
63x122 63 122 3.23 0.03 953
75x122 75 122 3.84 0.04 1135
47x145 47 145 2.86 0.03 1194
63x145 63 145 3.84 0.04 1601
75x145 75 145 4.57 0.04 1905
97x145 97 145 5.91 0.06 2464
145x145 145 145 8.83 0.09 3684
47x170 47 170 3.36 0.03 1924
63x170 63 170 4.50 0.04 2579
75x170 75 170 5.36 0.05 3071
47x200 47 200 3.95 0.04 3133

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63x200 63 200 5.29 0.05 4200

75x200 75 200 6.30 0.06 5000

Material properties
Homogenous glulam [BS EN 1194]
Grade GL24 GL28 GL32
Bending strength ϝm,g,k N/mm2 24 28 32
Tension strength ϝt,0,g,k N/mm2 16.5 19.5 22.5
ϝt,90,g,k N/mm2 0.4 0.45 0.5
Compression strength ϝc,0,g,k N/mm2 24 26.5 29
ϝc,90,g,k N/mm2 2.7 3 3.3
Shear Strength ϝv,g,k N/mm2 2.7 3.2 3.8
Modulus of elasticity E0,g,mean N/m2 11600 12600 13700
E0,g,05 N/m2 9400 10200 11100
E90,g,mean N/m2 390 420 460
Shear Modulus Gg,mean N/m2 720 780 850
Density ρg,k kg/m3 350 380 410

Timber [BS EN 338:2009]

Grade C16 C24 C30
Bending strength ϝm,k N/mm2 16 24 30
Tension strength ϝt,0,k N/mm2 10 13 18
ϝt,90,k N/mm2 0.4 0.4 0.4
Compression strength ϝc,0,k N/mm2 17 21 23
ϝc,90,k N/mm2 2.2 2.5 2.7
Shear Strength ϝv,g,k N/mm2 3.2 4 4
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean N/m2 8000 11000 12000
E0,05 N/m2 5400 7400 8000
E90,mean N/m2 270 370 400
Shear Modulus Gmean N/m2 500 690 750
Density ρk kg/m3 370 420 460

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2nd Moment of inertia depth factor

Iy (cm4) Wx(cm3) kh
547 61 1.21
1458 127 1.18
2281 486 1.13
2852 949 1.10
3422 1640 1.08
1094 486 1.13

Section depth
2nd Moment of inertia modulus factor
Iy (cm4) Wx(cm3) kh
200 29 1.16
264 35 1.15
341 43 1.13
201 25 1.13
84 76 1.09
684 887 0.93
341 76 1.09
738 76 1.09
491 49 1.08
106 151 1.04
254 151 1.04
429 151 1.04
125 254 1.01
302 254 1.01
510 254 1.01
1103 254 1.01
3684 254 1.01
147 409 0.99
354 409 0.99
598 409 0.99
173 667 0.97

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417 667 0.97

703 667 0.97

GL36
36
26
0.6
31
3.6
4.3
14700
11900
490
910
430

TH1 TH2 THA THB

30 24.4 40 30
18 14.6 24 18
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
23 20.8 26 23
8 8 8.8 8
3 3 3.8 3
10000 6720 11000 10000
8000 6590 9400 8000
640 450 750 640
600 420 700 600
569 598 595 584

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Main beam
Span= 4.25
Flat Roof area 12.3
pitched roof area 11.0

Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W)
kN
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.45
Uniform Permanent Roof Load 7.00
Uniform Short-term Snow Load 3.15
Uniform Short-term Exceptional snow, flat roof 5.13

Variable Instant Wind Load (favourable) -3.60

Point Short-term Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

using eqn 6.10: 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
case Load
1 dead+snow 14.78 kN
2 dead+maintenance 11.41 kN
3 dead+wind 10.06 kN
4 dead+exceptional snow 17.75 kN
5 dead+wind+snow 7.00 kN

Bending moment
Max Bending moment (Wl/8) 9.43 at
Max shear force 8.87 at

Loads kN/m2 kN/m kN

snow undrifted, flat roof 0.27
snow undrifted, pitched roof 0.27
snow drifted, flat roof 0.83

flat roof maintenance access 0.9

flat roof dead load 0.6
pitched roof dead load 0.5

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Wind (on roof) -1.8

Load combos
dead+snow 1.35*dead(unfav)-1.15*dead(fav) + 1.5 main accomp
dead+maintenance
dead+wind

eqn 6.10 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. a
eqn 6.10a 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 *
eqn 6.10b 0.925 *1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *ot

Psi factors Ψ0 Ψ1 Ψ2
Imposed loads, Category H roofs 0.7 0 0
Snow loads (UK <1000m) 0.5 0.2 0
Wind Loads 0.5 0.2 0
Thermal Loads 0.6 0.5 0

Consider
115x270 Glulam GL24
Self Weight 10.87 kG/m
Self Weight 0.11 kN/m
Size minor axis y 115.00 mm
Size major axis z 270.00 mm
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 18863 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 1640 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 24 N/mm2
Grade Shear Stress fv,k 2.7 N/mm2
Material partial factor γm 1.25
Depth factor kh 1.1
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean 11600 N/m2
Load Modification factor kmod 0.60 permanent
Load Modification factor kmod 0.90 short
Load sharing factor ksys 1.0
Deflection Modification factor kdef 0.6
Lateral buckling kcrit 1

Bending
(N/mm2) Permanent

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Design bending stress, ϝm,d = ϝm,k.kmod.kh.ksys/γm= 12.48

Applied bending stress, ϝm,y,d = BM.1000/Zx = (N/mm2) 5.75
OK
Shear
(N/mm2) Permanent
Design shear stress, ϝv,d = ϝv,k.kmod.ksys/γm 1.30
Applied shear stress, ϝv,y,d = SF.3/(2.x.y) = 0.43
OK
Deflection
Final deflection limit = L/250 = 17
Final deflection = kdef.Inst def 9.76
OK

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m Service Class= 1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]

m2 width= 2.8 length= 4.4
m2 width= 2.5 length= 4.4

Inst
Loading w1 R1 R2 deflection
kN/m kN kN mm
0.11 0.23 0.23 0.21
1.65 3.50 3.50 3.20
0.74 1.57 1.57 1.44
1.21 2.56 2.56 2.34

-0.85 0.00 0.00 -1.64

0.45 0.45 0.41
Total load (unfactored) 10.14 kN 5.07 5.07

accomp. var. action

Fin. deflection
8.23 mm
6.86 mm
5.78 mm
9.76 mm
5.43 mm

2.13 m from R1
R1

Duration kmod
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9

short 0.9
Perm 0.6
perm Perm

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perm Perm

+ 1.5 main accomp Ψ0=0.5

ead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action

0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other
1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other accom

[EC5 UK table NA.3]

[EC5 3.2]

varies with load duration and service class

varies with load duration and service class

[EC5 table 3.2] varies with service class

Short-term

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18.72
5.75
OK

Short-term
1.94
0.43
OK

mm
mm

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Shear Final
deflection deflection
mm mm
0.01 0.35
0.20 5.43
0.09 2.44
0.15 3.98

-0.10 -2.79
0.26 1.08

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Post
Height 2.40 m
Service Class= 1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]
Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W)
kN
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.05
Uniform Permanent Main beam reaction 3.50
Uniform Short Snow Load 1.57
Uniform Short Exceptional snow 2.56

Variable Instant Wind Load -3.60

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

using eqn 6.10:
1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
case Load
1 dead+snow 7.15 kN
2 dead+maintenance 6.14 kN
3 dead+wind 4.79 kN
4 dead+exceptional snow 8.64 kN
5 dead+wind+snow 1.52 kN

Max Load 8.64 kN

Consider
80dia timber C24 round
Self Weight 2.11 kG/m
Self Weight 0.02 kN/m
Size minor axis y 80.00 mm
Size major axis z 80.00 mm
Area A 5027 mm2
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 201 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 25 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 24 N/mm2
Grade Compression Stress fc,0,k 21 N/mm2
Material partial factor γm 1.3 [EC5 UK table NA.3]
Depth factor kh,y 1.13 [EC5 3.2]

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Depth factor kh,z 1.13 [EC5 3.2]

Modulus of elasticity E0,05 7400 N/m2
Load Modification factor kmod 0.6
Load sharing factor ksys 1.0
Deflection Modification factor kdef 0.6 [EC5 table 3.2]
Effective length factor Leff 1
Cross-section shape factor km 0.7 [EC 5 6.1.6]
Straightness factor βc 0.2

Design strengths
Design compressive strength, fc,0,d = kmod.ksys.fc,0,k/γm = 9.69
Design bending strength, fm,d = kmod.ksys.fm,k/γm = 11.08
Applied bending stress σm,d =
Applied compressive stress σc,0,d = 1.72
Moment at edge of column 345.42

Compression y-y & z-z axis

Slenderness ratio (λy) = L.Leff/SQRT(Iv/Ayz)= 120.0
Rel. Slend ratio (λrel,y) = Λy/π *SQRT(fc,0,k/E0.05) 2.03
Buckling strength reduction factor ky = 2.74
Buckling strength factor (y-axis) Kc,y= 0.22

Permissible compressive stress = kc,y.fc,0,d = 2.11 N/mm2

Ultimate Load capacity = 13.53 kN

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[EC5 UK table NA.3]

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[EC5 table 3.2]

N/mm2
N/mm2

N/mm2
Nm

OK
OK

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Pitched roof (to house and garage)

Span= 2.47 m

Joist spacing 0.6 m

Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W Loading w1
kN kN/m
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.07 0.03
Uniform Permanent Roof Load 0.37 0.15
Uniform Short Snow Load 0.20 0.08
Uniform Short Exceptional snow 0.76 0.31

Variable Instant Wind Load -1.33 -0.54

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

using eqn 6.10: 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
case Load Fin. deflection
1 dead+snow 0.89 kN 1.01
2 dead+maintenance 1.94 kN 2.99
3 dead+wind 0.59 kN -1.41
4 dead+exceptional snow 1.74 kN 1.89
5 dead+wind+snow -1.11 kN -1.09

Bending moment
Max Bending moment (Wl/8) 0.60 at 1.24
Max shear force 0.97 at R1

Actions kN/m2 kN/m kN Duration

snow undrifted, flat roof 0.27 short
snow undrifted, pitched roof 0.27 short
snow drifted, flat roof 0.83 short
snow, drifted, valley 1.03 short
pitched roof maintenance access 0.9 short

pitched roof dead load 0.5 perm

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Wind (on roof) -1.8 inst

eqn 6.10 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var.
eqn 6.10a 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 *
eqn 6.10b 0.925 *1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *o

eqn 6.14b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ0,iQk,i

eqn 6.15b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+ψ1,1Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i
eqn 6.16b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i

Psi factors Ψ0 Ψ1 Ψ2
Imposed loads, Category H roofs 0.7 0 0
Snow loads (UK <1000m) 0.5 0.2 0
Wind Loads 0.5 0.2 0
Thermal Loads 0.6 0.5 0

Consider
47x145 Timber C24
Self Weight 2.86 kG/m
Self Weight 0.03 kN/m
Size minor axis y 47.00 mm
Size major axis z 145.00 mm
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 1194 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 254 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 24
Grade Shear Stress fv,k 4
Material partial factor γm 1.3 [EC5 UK table NA.3]
Depth factor kh 1.01 [EC5 3.2]
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean 11000 N/m2
Load Modification factor kmod 0.60
Load sharing factor ksys 1.1
Deflection Modification factor kdef 0.6 [EC5 table 3.2]
Lateral buckling kcrit 1

Bending
Design bending stress, ϝm,d = ϝm,k.kmod.kh.ksys/γm= 12.27 N/mm2

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Applied bending stress, ϝm,y,d = BM.1000/Zx = 2.36 N/mm2

Shear
Design shear stress, ϝv,d = ϝv,k.kmod.ksys/γm 2.03 N/mm2
Applied shear stress, ϝv,y,d = SF.3/(2.x.y) = 0.21 N/mm2

Deflection
Final deflection limit = L/250 (plasterboarded ceiling)= 10 mm
Final deflection = kdef.Inst def 2.99 mm

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Service Class= 1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]

Inst Shear Final

Start x1 Loading w2End x2 R1 R2 deflection deflection deflection
m kN/m m kN kN mm mm mm
0 L 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.01 0.11
0 L 0.19 0.19 0.55 0.03 0.58
0 L 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.02 0.31
0 L 0.38 0.38 1.14 0.06 1.20
0.00
0 L 0.00 0.00 -1.99 -0.11 -2.10
0.45 0.45 2.15 0.14 2.29

accomp. var. action

Fin. deflection
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

m from R1

kmod
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.6

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1.1

Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action

Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other
+ 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other accom

Characteristic
Frequent
Quasi-permaent

[EC5 UK table NA.3]

varies with load duration and service class

[EC5 table 3.2] varies with service class

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OK

OK

OK

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Pitched roof end angled rafter (to house)

Span= 3.06 m

Roof area supported 2.9 m2

Joist spacing 0.6 m

Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W) Loading w1
kN kN/m
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.09 0.03
Uniform Permanent Roof Load 0.73 0.24
Uniform Short Snow Load 0.39 0.13
Uniform Short Exceptional snow 1.49 0.49

Variable Instant Wind Load -2.61 -0.85

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

using eqn 6.10: 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
case Load Fin. deflection
1 dead+snow 1.68 kN 3.53
2 dead+maintenance 2.44 kN 6.65
3 dead+wind 1.09 kN -5.29
4 dead+exceptional snow 3.33 kN 6.77
5 dead+wind+snow -2.23 kN -4.14

Bending moment
Max Bending moment (Wl/8) 1.28 at 1.53
Max shear force 1.67 at R1

Actions kN/m2 kN/m kN Duration

snow undrifted, flat roof 0.27 short
snow undrifted, pitched roof 0.27 short
snow drifted, flat roof 0.83 short
snow, drifted, valley 1.03 short
pitched roof maintenance access 0.9 short

pitched roof dead load 0.5 perm

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Wind (on roof) -1.8 inst

eqn 6.10 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var.
eqn 6.10a 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 *
eqn 6.10b 0.925 *1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *o

eqn 6.14b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ0,iQk,i

eqn 6.15b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+ψ1,1Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i
eqn 6.16b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i

Psi factors Ψ0 Ψ1 Ψ2
Imposed loads, Category H roofs 0.7 0 0
Snow loads (UK <1000m) 0.5 0.2 0
Wind Loads 0.5 0.2 0
Thermal Loads 0.6 0.5 0

Consider
47x145 Timber C24
Self Weight 2.86 kG/m
Self Weight 0.03 kN/m
Size minor axis y 47.00 mm
Size major axis z 145.00 mm
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 1194 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 254 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 24
Grade Shear Stress fv,k 4
Material partial factor γm 1.3 [EC5 UK table NA.3]
Depth factor kh 1.01 [EC5 3.2]
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean 11000 N/m2
Load Modification factor kmod 0.60
Load sharing factor ksys 1.1
Deflection Modification factor kdef 0.6 [EC5 table 3.2]
Lateral buckling kcrit 1

Bending
Design bending stress, ϝm,d = ϝm,k.kmod.kh.ksys/γm= 12.27 N/mm2

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Applied bending stress, ϝm,y,d = BM.1000/Zx = 5.02 N/mm2

Shear
Design shear stress, ϝv,d = ϝv,k.kmod.ksys/γm 2.03 N/mm2
Applied shear stress, ϝv,y,d = SF.3/(2.x.y) = 0.37 N/mm2

Deflection
Final deflection limit = L/250 (plasterboarded ceiling)= 12 mm
Final deflection = kdef.Inst def 6.77 mm

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Service Class= 1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]

Inst Shear
Start x1 Loading w2 End x2 R1 R2 deflection deflection
m kN/m m kN kN mm mm
0 L 0.04 0.04 0.24 0.01
0 L 0.36 0.36 2.06 0.07
0 L 0.20 0.20 1.11 0.04
0 L 0.75 0.75 4.24 0.15
0.00
0 L 0.00 0.00 -7.41 -0.26
0.45 0.45 4.09 0.18

Fin. deflection
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

m from R1

kmod
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.6

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1.1

var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action

Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other
* Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other accom

Characteristic
Frequent
Quasi-permaent

[EC5 UK table NA.3]

varies with load duration and service class

[EC5 table 3.2] varies with service class

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OK

OK

OK

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Final
deflection
mm
0.25
2.13
1.15
4.39

-7.67
4.27

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Flat Roof joists

Longest Span= 3.31
Shortest span 2.44
Flat Roof area 12.3
Joist spacing 0.6

Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W)
kN
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.12
Uniform Permanent Roof Load 0.60
Uniform Short Snow Load 0.27
Uniform Short Exceptional snow, flat roof 0.83

Variable Instant Wind Load -1.79

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

(from 6.10)
case Load
1 dead+snow 1.58 kN
2 dead+maintenance 3.00 kN
3 dead+wind 0.97 kN
4 dead+exceptional snow 2.83 kN
5 dead+wind+snow 1.58 kN

Bending moment
Max Bending moment (Wl/8) 1.24 at
Max shear force 1.50 at

Actions kN/m2 kN/m kN

snow undrifted, flat roof 0.27
snow undrifted, pitched roof 0.27
snow drifted, flat roof 0.83
snow, drifted, valley 1.03
flat roof maintenance access 0.9
flat roof dead load 0.6
pitched roof dead load 0.5

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Wind (on roof) -1.8

Action combos
eqn 6.10 λGj*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + λQ1 * Lead var. action + λQi
eqn 6.10a λGj*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + λQ1 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + λQi
eqn 6.10b 0.925 *λGj*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + λQ1 * Lead var. action + λQi * Ψ0 *othe

λGj

eqn 6.14b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ0,iQk,i

eqn 6.15b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+ψ1,1Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i
eqn 6.16b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i

Psi factors Ψ0 Ψ1 Ψ2
Imposed loads, Category H roofs 0.7 0 0
Snow loads (UK <1000m) 0.5 0.2 0
Wind Loads 0.5 0.2 0
Thermal Loads 0.6 0.5 0

Partial Factors
Permanent action λGj 1.35
Variable action λQi 1.5
Favourable vairbale action λQi 0

Consider
63x145 Timber C24
Self Weight 3.84 kG/m
Self Weight 0.04 kN/m
Size minor axis y 63.00 mm
Size major axis z 145.00 mm
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 1601 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 254 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 24
Grade Shear Stress fv,k 4
Material partial factor γm 1.3
Depth factor kh 1.01
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean 11000 N/m2
Load Modification factor kmod 0.6

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Load sharing factor ksys 1.1

Deflection Modification factor kdef 0.6
Lateral buckling kcrit 1

Bending
Design bending stress, ϝm,d = ϝm,k.kmod.kh.ksys/γm= 12.27
Applied bending stress, ϝm,y,d = BM.1000/Zx = 4.88

Shear
Design shear stress, ϝv,d = ϝv,k.kmod.ksys/γm 2.03
Applied shear stress, ϝv,y,d = SF.3/(2.x.y) = 0.25

Deflection
Final deflection limit = L/250 (plasterboarded ceiling)= 13
Final deflection = kdef.Inst def 10.29

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

m Service Class= 1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]

m
m2 width= 2.8 length= 4.4
m

Inst
Loading w1 Start x1 Loading w2 End x2 R1 R2 deflection
kN/m m kN/m m kN kN mm
0.04 0 L 0.06 0.06 0.45
0.18 0 L 0.30 0.30 2.16
0.08 0 L 0.13 0.13 0.97
0.25 0 L 0.41 0.41 2.99

-0.54 0 L 0.00 0.00 -6.47

0.45 0.45 3.62

Fin. deflection
5.85 mm
10.29 mm
-6.32 mm
9.16 mm
-4.73 mm

1.66 m from R1
R1

Duration kmod
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
perm 0.6
perm 0.6

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

inst 1.1

Lead var. action + λQi accomp. var. action

Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + λQi * Ψ0 *other
+ λQ1 * Lead var. action + λQi * Ψ0 *other accom

Characteristic
Frequent
Quasi-permaent

[EC5 UK table NA.3]

[EC5 3.2]

varies with load duration and service class

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

[EC5 table 3.2] varies with service class

N/mm2
N/mm2 OK

N/mm2
N/mm2 OK

mm
mm OK

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Shear Final
deflection deflection
mm mm
0.01 0.74
0.05 3.53
0.02 1.59
0.07 4.89

-0.14 -10.58
0.14 6.02

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

GRP bracket on beam end

Width 0.1
Length 0.3

Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W
kN
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.08
Point Permanent Roof Load 0.33
Point Short Snow Load 0.16
Point Short Exceptional snow 0.56

Variable Instant Wind Load -2.15

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

using eqn 6.10: 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
case Load
1 dead+snow 0.80 kN
2 dead+maintenance 1.90 kN
3 dead+wind -2.66 kN
4 dead+exceptional snow 1.39 kN
5 dead+wind+snow -2.42 kN

Bending moment
Max Bending moment (Wl) 0.19 at
Max shear force 1.90 at

Actions kN/m2 kN/m kN

snow undrifted, flat roof 0.27
snow undrifted, pitched roof 0.27
snow drifted, flat roof 0.83
snow, drifted, valley 1.03
pitched roof maintenance access 0.9
flat roof dead load 0.6
pitched roof dead load 0.5
Wind (on roof) -1.8

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

eqn 6.10 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp.

eqn 6.10a 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1
eqn 6.10b 0.925 *1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ

eqn 6.14b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ0,iQk,i

eqn 6.15b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+ψ1,1Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i
eqn 6.16b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i

Psi factors Ψ0 Ψ1 Ψ2
Imposed loads, Category H roofs 0.7 0 0
Snow loads (UK <1000m) 0.5 0.2 0
Wind Loads 0.5 0.2 0
Thermal Loads 0.6 0.5 0

Consider
6x50x100 GRP
Self Weight 2.62 kG/m
Self Weight 0.03 kN/m
CSA 1620 mm2
Size minor axis y 6 mm
Size major axis z 270 mm
Thickness 6 mm
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 984 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 1640 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 30
Grade Shear Stress fv,k 16
Material partial factor γm 1.3
Depth factor kh 1.08
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean 23000 N/m2
Load Modification factor kmod 0.5
Load sharing factor ksys 1.0
Deflection Modification factor kdef 0.6
Lateral buckling kcrit 1

Bending
Design bending stress, ϝm,d = ϝm,k.kmod.kh.ksys/γm= 12.50
Applied bending stress, ϝm,y,d = BM.1000/Zx = 0.12

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Shear
Design shear stress, ϝv,d = ϝv,k.kmod.ksys/γm 6.15
Applied shear stress, ϝv,y,d = SF.3/(2.x.y) = 1.76

Deflection
Final deflection limit = L/250 (plasterboarded ceiling)= 0.40
Final deflection = kdef.Inst def 0.04

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

m
m

Inst
Loading w1 Start x1 Loading w2 End x2 R1 deflection
kN/m m kN/m m kN mm
0.00 0 L 0.00 0.00
0 L 0.33 0.00
0 L 0.08 0.00
0 L 0.28 0.00

0 L 0.00 -0.02
0.90 0.01

.5 accomp. var. action

Fin. deflection
0.02 mm
0.04 mm
-0.05 mm
0.03 mm
-0.05 mm

0.00 m from R1
R1

Duration kmod
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
perm 0.6
perm 0.6
inst 1.1

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

+ 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action

1.5 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other
kj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other accom

Characteristic
Frequent
Quasi-permaent

15-70N/mm2 (long term), 20-135 (short term)

17 (short term)
[EC5 UK table NA.3]
[EC5 3.2]

varies with load duration and service class

[EC5 table 3.2] varies with service class

N/mm2
N/mm2 OK

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

N/mm2
N/mm2 OK

mm
mm OK

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Shear Final
deflection deflection
mm mm
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00
0.01 0.02

-0.03 -0.07
0.01 0.03

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Flat Roof external leaf joist

Span= 2.87

Area supported 0.6

Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W)
kN
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.08
Uniform Permanent Roof Load 0.34
Uniform Short Snow Load 0.15
Uniform Short Exceptional snow, flat 0.48

Variable Instant Wind Load -1.03

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

(from 6.10)
case Load
1 dead+snow 0.81 kN
2 dead+maintenance 1.92 kN
3 dead+wind 0.57 kN
4 dead+exceptional snow 1.65 kN
5 dead+wind+snow 0.81 kN

Bending moment
Max Bending moment (Wl/8) 0.69 at
Max shear force 0.96 at

Actions kN/m2 kN/m kN

snow undrifted, flat roof 0.27
snow undrifted, pitched roof 0.27
snow drifted, flat roof 0.83
snow, drifted, valley 1.03
flat roof maintenance access 0.9
flat roof dead load 0.6
pitched roof dead load 0.5

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Wind (on roof) -1.8

Action combos
eqn 6.10 λGj*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + λQ1 * Lead var. action + λQi
eqn 6.10a λGj*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + λQ1 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + λQi
eqn 6.10b 0.925 *λGj*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + λQ1 * Lead var. action + λQi * Ψ0

λGj

eqn 6.14b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ0,iQk,i

eqn 6.15b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+ψ1,1Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i
eqn 6.16b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i

Psi factors Ψ0 Ψ1 Ψ2
Imposed loads, Category H roofs 0.7 0 0
Snow loads (UK <1000m) 0.5 0.2 0
Wind Loads 0.5 0.2 0
Thermal Loads 0.6 0.5 0

Partial Factors
Permanent action λGj 1.35
Variable action λQi 1.5
Favourable variable action λQi 0

Consider
47x145 Timber C24
Self Weight 2.86 kG/m
Self Weight 0.03 kN/m
Size minor axis y 47.00 mm
Size major axis z 145.00 mm
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 1194 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 254 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 24
Grade Shear Stress fv,k 4
Material partial factor γm 1.3
Depth factor kh 1.01
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean 11000 N/m2
Load Modification factor kmod 0.60
Load sharing factor ksys 1.1

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Deflection Modification factor kdef 0.6

Lateral buckling kcrit 1

Bending
Design bending stress, ϝm,d = ϝm,k.kmod.kh.ksys/γm= 12.27
Applied bending stress, ϝm,y,d = BM.1000/Zx = 2.72

Shear
Design shear stress, ϝv,d = ϝv,k.kmod.ksys/γm 2.03
Applied shear stress, ϝv,y,d = SF.3/(2.x.y) = 0.21

Deflection
Final deflection limit = L/250 (plasterboarded ceiling)= 11
Final deflection = kdef.Inst def 7.54

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

m Service Class= 1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]

m2

Inst
Loading w1 Start x1 Loading w2 End x2 R1 R2 deflection
kN/m m kN/m m kN kN mm
0.03 0 L 0.04 0.04 0.25
0.12 0 L 0.17 0.17 1.09
0.05 0 L 0.08 0.08 0.49
0.17 0 L 0.24 0.24 1.51

-0.36 0 L 0.00 0.00 -3.27

0.45 0.45 3.16

Fin. deflection
3.02 mm
7.54 mm
-3.17 mm
4.70 mm
-2.36 mm

1.44 m from R1
R1

Duration kmod
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
short 0.9
perm 0.6
perm 0.6

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

inst 1.1

λQ1 * Lead var. action + λQi accomp. var. action

λQ1 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + λQi * Ψ0 *other
Gkj,inf + λQ1 * Lead var. action + λQi * Ψ0 *other accom

Characteristic
Frequent
Quasi-permaent

[EC5 UK table NA.3]

[EC5 3.2]

varies with load duration and service class

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

[EC5 table 3.2] varies with service class

N/mm2
N/mm2 OK

N/mm2
N/mm2 OK

mm
mm OK

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Shear Final
deflection deflection
mm mm
0.01 0.42
0.03 1.79
0.01 0.81
0.04 2.49

-0.09 -5.38
0.17 5.33

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Pitched roof external leaf rafter

Span= 3.09 m

Roof area supported 0.6 m2

Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W Loading w1
kN kN/m
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.09 0.03
Uniform Permanent Roof Load 0.31 0.10
Uniform Short Snow Load 0.17 0.05
Uniform Short Exceptional snow 0.64 0.21

Variable Instant Wind Load -1.11 -0.36

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

using eqn 6.10: 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
case Load Fin. deflection
1 dead+snow 0.78 kN 1.70
2 dead+maintenance 1.88 kN 5.59
3 dead+wind 0.53 kN -2.17
4 dead+exceptional snow 1.49 kN 3.12
5 dead+wind+snow -0.88 kN -1.66

Bending moment
Max Bending moment (Wl/8) 0.73 at 1.55
Max shear force 0.94 at R1

Actions kN/m2 kN/m kN Duration

snow undrifted, flat roof 0.27 short
snow undrifted, pitched roof 0.27 short
snow drifted, flat roof 0.83 short
snow, drifted, valley 1.03 short
pitched roof maintenance access 0.9 short

pitched roof dead load 0.5 perm

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Wind (on roof) -1.8 inst

eqn 6.10 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. va

eqn 6.10a 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5
eqn 6.10b 0.925 *1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *

eqn 6.14b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ0,iQk,i

eqn 6.15b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+ψ1,1Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i
eqn 6.16b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i

Psi factors Ψ0 Ψ1 Ψ2
Imposed loads, Category H roofs 0.7 0 0
Snow loads (UK <1000m) 0.5 0.2 0
Wind Loads 0.5 0.2 0
Thermal Loads 0.6 0.5 0

Consider
47x145 Timber C24
Self Weight 2.86 kG/m
Self Weight 0.03 kN/m
Size minor axis y 47.00 mm
Size major axis z 145.00 mm
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 1194 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 254 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 24
Grade Shear Stress fv,k 4
Material partial factor γm 1.3 [EC5 UK table NA.3]
Depth factor kh 1.01 [EC5 3.2]
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean 11000 N/m2
Load Modification factor kmod 0.60
Load sharing factor ksys 1.1
Deflection Modification factor kdef 0.6 [EC5 table 3.2]
Lateral buckling kcrit 1

Bending
Design bending stress, ϝm,d = ϝm,k.kmod.kh.ksys/γm= 12.27 N/mm2

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Applied bending stress, ϝm,y,d = BM.1000/Zx = 2.86 N/mm2

Shear
Design shear stress, ϝv,d = ϝv,k.kmod.ksys/γm 2.03 N/mm2
Applied shear stress, ϝv,y,d = SF.3/(2.x.y) = 0.21 N/mm2

Deflection
Final deflection limit = L/250 (plasterboarded ceiling)= 12 mm
Final deflection = kdef.Inst def 5.59 mm

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Service Class= 1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]

Inst Shear Final

Start x1 Loading w2End x2 R1 R2 deflection deflection deflection
m kN/m m kN kN mm mm mm
0 L 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.01 0.26
0 L 0.15 0.15 0.90 0.03 0.93
0 L 0.08 0.08 0.49 0.02 0.50
0 L 0.32 0.32 1.86 0.06 1.92
0.00
0 L 0.00 0.00 -3.25 -0.11 -3.36
0.45 0.45 4.21 0.18 4.39

accomp. var. action

Fin. deflection
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

m from R1

kmod
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9

0.6

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

1.1

* Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action

Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other
+ 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other accom

Characteristic
Frequent
Quasi-permaent

[EC5 UK table NA.3]

varies with load duration and service class

[EC5 table 3.2] varies with service class

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

OK

OK

OK

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Connecting ridge main timber

Span= 2.50 m Service Class=

Roof area supported 6.8 m2

Joist spacing 0.6 m

Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W Loading w1Start x1 Loading w2
kN kN/m m kN/m
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.08 0.03 0
Uniform Permanent Roof Load 1.69 0.68 0
Uniform Short Snow Load 0.91 0.36 0
Uniform Short Exceptional snow 3.48 1.39 0

Variable Instant Wind Load -6.08 -2.43 0

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

using eqn 6.10: 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
case Load Fin. deflection
1 dead+snow 3.76 kN 2.76 mm
2 dead+maintenance 3.74 kN 3.33 mm
3 dead+wind 2.39 kN -4.43 mm
4 dead+exceptional sno 7.60 kN 5.40 mm
5 dead+wind+snow -5.36 kN -3.49 mm

Bending moment
Max Bending moment (Wl/8) 2.38 at 1.25 m from R1
Max shear force 3.80 at R1

Actions kN/m2 kN/m kN Duration kmod

snow undrifted, flat roof 0.27 short 0.9
snow undrifted, pitched 0.27 short 0.9
snow drifted, flat roof 0.83 short 0.9
snow, drifted, valley 1.03 short 0.9
pitched roof maintenance access 0.9 short 0.9

pitched roof dead load 0.5 perm 0.6

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Wind (on roof) -1.8 inst 1.1

eqn 6.10 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
eqn 6.10a 1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Ψ0 * Main accomp. var.action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other
eqn 6.10b 0.925 *1.35*Gkj,sup-1.0Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other accom

eqn 6.14b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ0,iQk,i Characteristic

eqn 6.15b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+ψ1,1Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i Frequent
eqn 6.16b ΣGk,j+P+Qk,1+Σψ2,iQk,i Quasi-permaent

Psi factors Ψ0 Ψ1 Ψ2
Imposed loads, Categor 0.7 0 0
Snow loads (UK <1000 0.5 0.2 0
Wind Loads 0.5 0.2 0
Thermal Loads 0.6 0.5 0

Consider
47x170 Timber C24
Self Weight 3.36 kG/m
Self Weight 0.03 kN/m
Size minor axis y 47.00 mm
Size major axis z 170.00 mm
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 1924 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 409 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 24
Grade Shear Stress fv,k 4
Material partial factor γm 1.3 [EC5 UK table NA.3]
Depth factor kh 0.98 [EC5 3.2]
Modulus of elasticity E0,mean 11000 N/m2
Load Modification factokmod 0.60 varies with load duration a
Load sharing factor ksys 1.1
Deflection Modification kdef 0.6 [EC5 table 3.2] varies with service class
Lateral buckling kcrit 1

Bending
Design bending stress, ϝm,d = ϝm,k.kmod.kh.ksy 11.88 N/mm2

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Applied bending stress, ϝm,y,d = BM.1000/Zx = 5.80 N/mm2 OK

Shear
Design shear stress, ϝv,d = ϝv,k.kmod.ksys/γm 2.03 N/mm2
Applied shear stress, ϝv,y,d = SF.3/(2.x.y) = 0.71 N/mm2 OK

Deflection
Final deflection limit = L/250 (plasterboarded 10 mm
Final deflection = kdef.Inst def 5.40 mm OK

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]

Inst Shear Final

End x2 R1 R2 deflection deflection deflection
m kN kN mm mm mm
L 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.01 0.08
L 0.84 0.84 1.62 0.12 1.74
L 0.46 0.46 0.88 0.06 0.94
L 1.74 1.74 3.34 0.24 3.58
0.00
L 0.00 0.00 -5.84 -0.41 -6.25
0.45 0.45 1.38 0.12 1.51

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

5 accomp. var. action

.action + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other
n + 1.5 * Ψ0 *other accom

varies with load duration and service class

varies with service class

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Connecting Ridge king post

Height 1.30 m
Service Class= 1 [EC5 UK, Table NA.2]
Actions
Type Duration Name Loading (W)
kN
Uniform Permanent Self Weight 0.03
Uniform Permanent Connecting pitch react 3.80
Uniform Short Snow Load 1.57
Uniform Short Exceptional snow 2.56

Variable Instant Wind Load -3.60

Point Instant Maintenance 0.90

Factored Load combinations

using eqn 6.10:
1.35*Gkj,sup-1.15Gkj,inf + 1.5 * Lead var. action + 1.5 accomp. var. action
case Load
1 dead+snow 7.53 kN
2 dead+maintenance 6.52 kN
3 dead+wind 5.17 kN
4 dead+exceptional sno 9.01 kN
5 dead+wind+snow 1.80 kN

Max Load 9.01 kN

Consider
45x45 timber C16 square
Self Weight 2.06 kG/m
Self Weight 0.02 kN/m
Size minor axis y 70.00 mm
Size major axis z 70.00 mm
Area A 4900 mm2
2nd Moment of Inertia Iv 200 cm4
Section Modulus Zx 29 cm3
Grade Bending Stress fm,k 16 N/mm2
Grade Compression Str fc,0,k 17 N/mm2
Material partial factor γm 1.3 [EC5 UK table NA.3]
Depth factor kh,y 1.16 [EC5 3.2]

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Depth factor kh,z 1.16 [EC5 3.2]

Modulus of elasticity E0,05 5400 N/m2
Load Modification factokmod 0.60
Load sharing factor ksys 1.0
Deflection Modification kdef 0.6 [EC5 table 3.2]
Effective length factor Leff 1
Cross-section shape fa km 0.7 [EC 5 6.1.6]
Straightness factor βc 0.2

Design strengths
Design compressive strength, fc,0,d = kmod.ksys.fc,0,k/γm = 7.85 N/mm2
Design bending strength, fm,d = kmod.ksys.fm,k/γm = 7.38 N/mm2
Applied bending stress σm,d =
Applied compressive stress σc,0,d = 1.84 N/mm2
Moment at edge of column 315.49 Nm

Compression y-y & z-z axis

Slenderness ratio (λy) = L.Leff/SQRT(Iv/Ayz)= 64.3
Rel. Slend ratio (λrel,y) = Λy/π *SQRT(fc,0,k/E0.0 1.15
Buckling strength reduction factor ky = 1.24
Buckling strength factor (y-axis) Kc,y= 0.58

Permissible compressive stress = kc,y.fc,0,d = 4.55 N/mm2 OK

Ultimate Load capacity = 22.30 kN OK

Page PAGE]
 TAB]

Strength modification factors for service clases and load-duration classes

[EC5 Table 3.1] Values of kmod
Material Standard Service Load-duration class
class Perm Long

Solid timber EN 14081-1 1 0.60 0.70

2 0.60 0.70
3 0.50 0.55
Glued laminated timber EN 14080 1 0.60 0.70
2 0.60 0.70
3 0.50 0.55
LVL EN 14374,EN 28558 1 0.60 0.70
2 0.60 0.70
3 0.50 0.55
Plywood EN 636
Type EN 636-1 1 0.60 0.70
Type EN 636-2 2 0.60 0.70
Type EN 636-3 3 0.50 0.55
OSB EN 300
OSB/2 1 0.30 0.45
OSB/3, OSB/4 1 0.40 0.50
OSB/3, OSB/4 2 0.30 0.40
Particle-board EN 312
Type P4,Type P5 1 0.30 0.45
Type P5 2 0.20 0.30
Type P6,Type P7 1 0.40 0.50
Type P7 2 0.30 0.40
Fibreboard, hard EN 622-2

HB.LA, HB.HLA 1 or 2 1 0.30 0.45

HB.HLA1 or 2 2 0.20 0.30
Fibreboard, EN 622-3
MBH.LA1 or 2 1 0.20 0.40
MBH.HLS1 or 2 1 0.20 0.40
MBH.HLS1 or 2 2 – –
Fibreboard, MDF EN 622-5

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Fibreboard, MDF

MDF.LA, MDF.HLS 1 0.20 0.40

MDF.HLS 2 – –

Deformation modification factors for service classes

EC5 Table 3.2 Values of kdef
Material Standard Service class
1 2 3
Solid timber EN 14081-1 0.60 0.80 2.00
Glued Laminated
timber EN 14080 0.60 0.80 2.00
LVL EN 14374, 0.60 0.80 2.00
Plywood EN 636
Type EN 636-1 0.80 – –
Type EN 636-2 0.80 1.00 –
Type EN 636-3 0.80 1.00 2.50
OSB EN 300
OSB/2 2.25 – –
OSB/3,OSB/4 1.50 2.25 –
Particleboard EN 312
Type P4 2.25 – –
Type P5 2.25 3.00 –
Type P6 1.50 – –
Type P7 1.50 2.25 –
Fibreboard, hard EN 622-2
HB.LA 2.25 – –
HB.HLA1, HB.HLA2 2.25 3.00 –
Fibreboard, medium EN 622-3
MBH.LA1,MBH.LA2 3.00 – –
MBH.HLS1,MBH.HLS2 3.00 4.00 –
Fibreboard, MDF EN 622-5
MDF.LA 2.25 – –
MDF.HLS 2.25 3.00 –

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Load-duration class
Medium Short Inst

0.80 0.90 1.10

0.80 0.90 1.10
0.65 0.70 0.90
0.80 0.90 1.10
0.80 0.90 1.10
0.65 0.70 0.90
0.80 0.90 1.10
0.80 0.90 1.10
0.65 0.70 0.90

0.80 0.90 1.10

0.80 0.90 1.10
0.65 0.70 0.90

0.65 0.85 1.10

0.70 0.90 1.10
0.55 0.70 0.90

0.65 0.85 1.10

0.45 0.60 0.80
0.70 0.90 1.10
0.55 0.70 0.90

0.65 0.85 1.10

0.45 0.60 0.80

0.60 0.80 1.10

0.60 0.80 1.10
– 0.45 0.80

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0.60 0.80 1.10

– 0.45 0.80

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Construction weights

Flat roof A
thickness density density force
mm kG/m3 kG/m2 kN/m2
Plasterboard 12.5 9.70 0.10
Fibreglass/warmcell 100 4.50 0.04
ply 18 400 7.20 0.07
breather 1
PUR 150 4.92 0.05
Tapered PUR 40 1.31 0.01
EPDM membrane 2 3.00 0.03
0.30

Flat roof B
thickness density weight force
mm kG/m3 kG/m2 kN/m2
Plasterboard 12.5 9.70 0.10
Fibreglass/warmcell 100 4.50 0.04
ply 18 400 7.20 0.07
breather 1
Pavatex 60 140 2.52 0.02
PUR 100 3.28 0.03
Tapered PUR 40 1.31 0.01
EPDM membrane 2 3.00 0.03
0.31

Pitched roof

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