Formula

For buried pipeline, the Anchor Longitudinal Stress and Force due to internal pressure & thermal restrain
calculated from the following emprical equation:

F = SAL x A SAL = 0.2 x Sh + E x CTE x ( T2 - T1 )

where
F = Anchor force
SAL = Anchor longitudional stress
A = Metal cross sectional area of pipe
Sh = Hoop stress
E = Elastic modulus
CTE = Coefficient of thermal expansion

T2 = Operating temperature
T1 = Installation temperature

Input
Metal area of pipe
Hoop stress
Operating temperature
Installation temperature

Results

ANCHOR LONG. STRESS

ANCHOR FORCE
pressure & thermal restraint can be

ngitudional stress
ss sectional area of pipe

nt of thermal expansion

temperature
n temperature

A = 9843 mm2
Sh = 212.97 MPa
T2 = 58.0 O
C
T1 = 21 O
C

SAL = 1

F = 1
 (N)
( MPa )
( mm2 )
( MPa )
( figure of 192 GPa has been used )
( figure of 1.17 x 10-5 mm/mm/deg C has been used, equates to 6.5x10-6 in/in/deg F )

( deg C )
( deg C )

Pipe outside diameter D

Pipe thickness T
Design pressure P
Elastic modulus E
Thermal Exp. Coeff. CTE

130.65 MPa

1286 kN
/deg F )

= 219.10 mm.
= 14.30 mm.
= 27.80 MPa
= 203 GPa
= 1.17E-05 mm/mm/°C