DRAUGHT SYSTEM

Draught
The small pressure difference which causes a flow of
gas to take place is termed as a draught.

Classification:
 Natural / Chimney

 Artificial

 Mechanical
 Forced draught
 Induced draught
 Balanced draught
 Steam Jet
 Forced jet
 Induced jet
Natural / Chimney
 Natural draught is obtained by the use of chimney
 1. It produces the draught whereby the air and gas
are forced through the fuel bed, furnace, boiler
passes and settings
 2. It carries the products of combustion to such a
height before discharging them they will not be
objectionable or injurious to surroundings.
 The draught produced by the chimney is due the
density difference.
Draught losses
 Frictional resistance offered by passages to the flow
of flue gass.
 Loss due to friction head in equipments (Grate,
economizer, super heater, etc.)
 Losses near the bends in the gas flow circuit

Loss in draught in a chimney is 20% of the total

draught produced.
Forced Draught
 In a Mechanical draught system, the draught is
produced by a Fan
 A blower or fan is installed near or base of the
boiler to force the air through the cool bed and other
passages through furnace, flues, air preheater
economizer etc.
 It is a positive pressure draught.
 The enclosure of the furnace should be highly
sealed
Forced Draught
Induced Draught
 The fan or blower is located near to the base of the
chimney.
 The pressure over the fuel bed is reduced below
that of the atmosphere.
 By creating a partial vacuum in the furnace and the
flues, the products of combustion are drawn up.
 This draught is similar in action to the natural
draught
Induced Draught
Draught – Balance Draught

 It is combination of the forced and induced draught

systems.
 The forced draught fan overcomes the resistance in
the air preheater and chain grate stocker while
induced draught fan overcomes the draught losses
through boiler, economizer, air preheater.
Balanced Draught
Advantages of Mechanical Draught
 Easy control of combustion and evaporation
 Evaporative power of boiler increased
 Efficiency of the plant increased
 Reduced chimney height
 Prevention of smoke
 Low grade fuels can be used for combustion
 Fuel consumption is 15% less than the natural
draught
 Fuel burning rate is high
Draught – Steam Jet
 It may be of forced or induced type depending on
where the steam to produce draught is located.
 If the steam jet is directed into the smoke box near
the stack – induced
 If the jet is located before the grate, the air is forced
through the fuel bed
Draught – Steam Jet
Advantages of Steam jet draught
 Very simple and economical
 Occupies minimum space
 Require very little attention
 In forced draught Steam keeps the fire bar cool
and prevents adhering of clinkers in the bars
 Low grade fuels can be used in combustion