Available online at www.sciencedirect.

com

ScienceDirect
Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271

6XVWDLQDEOH&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ6WUXFWXUHVDQG&RQVWUXFWLRQ0DWHULDOV6&(6&0

&RPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RIPRGHVKDSHVFXUYDWXUHDQGGDPDJHORFDWLQJ
YHFWRUPHWKRGVIRUGDPDJHGHWHFWLRQRIVWUXFWXUHV
5LKDUG)UDQVD<R\RQJ$UILDGLE +HUPDQ3DUXQJF
a
Universitas Atma Jaya Makassar, Jln. Tanjung Alang No. 23 Makassar, Indonesia
b
Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Jln. Babarsari No.44 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
c
Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

$EVWUDFW

$ QXPEHU RI GDPDJH GHWHFWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV KDYH EHHQ SURSRVHG WR EH DSSOLHG IRU VWUXFWXUDO KHDOWK PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHPV ,Q WKLV
SDSHUDFRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RIPRGHVKDSHFXUYDWXUHDQGGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRUPHWKRGVZHUHFRQVLGHUHGIRUSUHGLFWLQJGDPDJH
RI VWUXFWXUHV 7KH PRGH VKDSH FXUYDWXUH PHWKRG LV EDVHG RQ WKH GLIIHUHQFH RI PRGH VKDSHV EHWZHHQ GDPDJH DQG XQGDPDJHG
VWUXFWXUHVZKLOHGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRULVEDVHGRQGLIIHUHQFHRIIOH[LELOLW\PDWUL[RIGDPDJHDQGXQGDPDJHGVWUXFWXUHV7KUHH
W\SHRIVWUXFWXUHVZHUHFRQVLGHUHGLQWKLVSDSHU7KHILUVWWHVWVWUXFWXUHLVDVKHDUEXLOGLQJWKHVHFRQGLVDEHDPW\SHDQGWKH
WKLUG LV D SODQH WUXVV V\VWHP )RU HDFK W\SH RI VWUXFWXUHV D QXPHULFDO PRGHO LV FDUULHG RXW IRU VLPXODWLRQV 6HYHUDO GDPDJH
VFHQDULRV ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG WR HYDOXDWH ERWK PHWKRGV )URP WKH QXPHULFDO H[SHULPHQW LW FDQ EH VKRZQ WKDW ERWK PHWKRGV LQ
JHQHUDOKDYHGHPRQVWUDWHGDJRRGVHQVLWLYLW\IRUGDPDJHGHWHFWLRQV)RUVKHDUEXLOGLQJDQGEHDPVWUXFWXUHVERWKPHWKRGVKDYH
WKH DELOLW\ WR SUHGLFW WKH GDPDJH ORFDWLRQV 'XH WR WKH QDWXUH RI WKH PHWKRGV KRZHYHU IRU SODQH WUXVV VWUXFWXUHV ZKLOH WKH
GDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRUPHWKRGFDQSUHGLFWWKHGDPDJHGPHPEHUVWKHPRGHVKDSHFXUYDWXUHPHWKRGFDQSUHGLFWRQO\WKHQRGHV
LQWKHYLFLQLW\RIWKHGDPDJHGPHPEHURISODQHWUXVVVWUXFWXUHV
‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI6&(6&0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016.
Keywords:GDPDJHGHWHFWLRQVVWUXFWXUDOKHDOWKPRQLWRULQJV\VWHPVPRGHVKDSHFXUYDWXUHPHWKRGGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRU


&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[
E-mail address:\R\RQJ#PDLOXDM\DFLG

1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016.
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.420
1264 Rihard Frans et al. / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271

,QWURGXFWLRQ

7KHSHUIRUPDQFHRILQIUDVWUXFWXUHVWHQGVWRGHFOLQHZLWKUHVSHFWWRWLPHGXHWRWKHLQIOXHQFHRIHQYLURQPHQWDQG
ODFNRIJRRGPDLQWHQDQFH$VDUHVXOWWKHVWUXFWXUHZLOOH[SHULHQFHORVVRIVWUHQJWKRUVWLIIQHVV7KHUHIRUHGDPDJH
GHWHFWLRQRIVWUXFWXUHVLVRQHRIWKHLPSRUWDQWLVVXHVIRUFLYLOLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVPRQLWRULQJV\VWHP
:LWK HDUO\ GDPDJH GHWHFWLRQV LW ZLOO DVVXUH WKH OHYHO RI VDIHW\ DQG UHOLDELOLW\ RI WKH VWUXFWXUH LWVHOI DQG FDQ
SRVVLEO\LQFUHDVHWKHVHUYLFHOLIHRIVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHGXFHPDLQWHQDQFHFRVWV,QVRPHH[WUHPHFDVHVFDQPLQLPL]H
WKHIDLOXUHUDWHDQGWKHORVVRIOLIHGXHWRWKHFROODSVHRIWKHVWUXFWXUH>@
'DPDJHGHWHFWLRQRIVWUXFWXUHFDQEHFODVVLILHGLQWRVHYHUDOOHYHOVRILGHQWLILFDWLRQ>@DOHYHOGHWHUPLQHLI
WKHUHLVGDPDJHRIWKHVWUXFWXUHEOHYHOORFDWHWKHGDPDJHRIWKHVWUXFWXUHFOHYHOILUVWDQGVHFRQGOHYHODQG
GHWHUPLQLQJWKHORVVRIWKHVWUHQJWKDQGGOHYHOILUVWVHFRQGWKLUGOHYHODQGSUHGLFWLQJWKHUHPDLQLQJOLIHWLPH
RIWKHVWUXFWXUHV
7KLVSDSHUFRQVLGHUVRQO\WKHVHFRQGOHYHORILGHQWLILFDWLRQGHWHUPLQHWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHGDPDJHGPHPEHU7KH
WHFKQLTXHVXVHGLQWKLVSDSHUDUHPRGHVKDSHFXUYDWXUHPHWKRGV>í@DQGGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRU>@DQGLWZLOOEH
DSSOLHG WR VHYHUDO VWUXFWXUHV LH VKHDUEXLOGLQJ EHDP VWUXFWXUH DQG SODQH WUXVV VWUXFWXUHV &RPSDUDWLYH DQDO\VHV
ZLOOEHLQYHVWLJDWHGWRVHHWKHHIILFLHQF\RIHDFKPHWKRG

0RGHVKDSHFXUYDWXUHGDPDJHLQGH[

0RGH VKDSH FXUYDWXUH PHWKRG >í@ LV RQH RI WKH WHFKQLTXH IRU GDPDJH GHWHFWLRQ WKDW JLYH D JRRG UHVXOW IRU
ORFDWLQJWKHGDPDJHGVHFWLRQV,IGDPDJHLVDSSOLHGRUDWWDFKHGWRDPHPEHUWKHUHZLOOEHDVWLIIQHVVUHGXFWLRQRI
WKHGDPDJHPHPEHUDQGFRQVHTXHQWO\WKHFXUYDWXUHLQGH[ZLOOLQFUHDVH%HFDXVHWKHFXUYDWXUHLQGH[ZLOOLQFUHDVH
WKHUHLVWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHPRGHVKDSHRIKHDOWK\DQGGDPDJHVWUXFWXUHZKLFKLVFDOOHG06,PRGHVKDSH
LQGH[
,QWKLVSDSHUGDPDJHLQGH[SURSRVHGE\+RDQG(ZLQV>@LVXVHGDVIROORZ

 d 
'vi vi    vi     

 vi   vi  vi  
vi   
h

,IXVHGPRUHWKDQRQHPRGHVKDSHWKHGDPDJHLQGH[ZLOOEHFRPH

N

MSI i
N
¦  'v 
n 
i

n   

" "d
ZKHUH06,L PRGHVKDSHLQGH[ vi PRGHVKDSHRIWKHKHDOWK\VWDWHRIVWUXFWXUH1 QXPEHURIPRGHV vi 
"
PRGH VKDSH RI WKH GDPDJH VWDWH RI VWUXFWXUH K  OHQJWK RI VHFWLRQ PHPEHU ' vi  GLIIHUHQFHV PRGH VKDSH RI
KHDOWK\DQGGDPDJHVWUXFWXUH

'DPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRU'/9PHWKRG

'DPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRU'/9PHWKRGZDVILUVWSURSRVHGE\%HUQDO>@7KHEDVLFLGHDLQWKH'/9DSSURDFKLV

WKDW WKH YHFWRUV WKDW VSDQ WKH QXOOVSDFH RI WKH FKDQJH LQ IOH[LELOLW\ IURP WKH XQGDPDJHG WR WKH GDPDJHG VWDWHV
ZKHQWUHDWHGDVVWDWLFORDGVRQWKHV\VWHPOHDGWRVWUHVVILHOGVWKDWDUH]HURRYHUWKHGDPDJHGHOHPHQWV7KHVWHSVIRU
XVLQJGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRUPHWKRGFDQEHVXPPDUL]HGDVIROORZV>@
 Rihard Frans et al. / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271 1265


 )LQGWKHFKDQJHRIIOH[LELOLW\PDWUL[DV

'F FU  FD   

ZKHUH FU LV IOH[LELOLW\ PDWUL[ IRU XQGDPDJHG VWUXFWXUH VWDWH FD LV IOH[LELOLW\ PDWUL[ IRU GDPDJHG
VWUXFWXUHVWDWH

 2EWDLQVLQJXODUYDOXHGHFRPSRVLWLRQRI 'F 


ªs º T
'F U«  V   
¬ s  »¼

ZKHUH V DUH µVPDOO¶ VLQJXODU YDOXHV )RU LGHDO FRQGLWLRQV V FRQWDLQV ]HURV DQG WKH '/9 YHFWRUV DUH VLPSO\ WKH
FROXPQVRI9DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHQXOOVSDFH)RUWKHQRLV\HQYLURQPHQW'/9VFDQEHVHOHFWHGDVIROORZV>@

x &RPSXWHWKHVWUHVVHVLQDQXQGDPDJHGPRGHORIWKHVWUXFWXUHXVLQJWKHFROXPQVLQ9DVORDGV
x 1RUPDOL]HWKHLQWHUQDOVWUHVVHVLQHYHU\HOHPHQWIRUDJLYHQORDGYHFWRUWRDVLQJOHFKDUDFWHUL]LQJVWUHVV
x 'HVLJQDWHWKHUHFLSURFDORIWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRIWKHFKDUDFWHUL]LQJVWUHVVDVFM&RPSXWHWKHVYQLQGH[IRU
HYHU\YHFWRULQ9DV

s j c j
svn j   
s q c q

ZKHUH

s q c q PD[s j c j  for j  m  

7KHYHFWRUVIRUZKLFKVYQ”FDQEHFRQVLGHUHGDV'/9VRQFHWKHVHWRI'/9YHFWRUV

 &RPSXWHIRUHDFK'/9YHFWRUWKHQRUPDOL]HGVWUHVVLQGH[YHFWRUDV


Vi
nsii   
V PD[

ZKHUHnsii QRUPDOL]HGVWUHVVLQGH[VL EHQGLQJVWUHVVDWPHPEHULVPD[ PD[LPXPEHQGLQJVWUHVV

&DVHVWXGLHV

4.1. Shear building

7KHILUVWFDVHLVWKHSUREOHPFRQVLGHUHGLQ>@DVVKRZQLQ)LJ7KHSURSHUWLHVRIWKHVWUXFWXUHLVVKRZQLQ)LJ
,QWKLVFDVHWKHGDPDJHZLOOEHVLPXODWHGLQWZRVFHQDULRVDVIROORZV
 ORVVRIVWLIIQHVVRQWKHVL[WKVWRU\LVRIWKHLQLWLDOVWLIIQHVV
1266 Rihard Frans et al. / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271

 ORVVRIVWLIIQHVVRQWKHVHFRQGDQGWKHVL[WKVWRU\LVDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\RIWKHLQLWLDOVWLIIQHVV

)LJ6KHDUEXLOGLQJSUREOHP

,QWKHVLPXODWLRQWKUHHPRGHVDUHFRQVLGHUHG$FFRUGLQJWR>@WKHVWLIIQHVVPDWUL[LVVHQVLWLYHWRIUHTXHQF\RI
KLJKHUPRGHVDQGLVGLIILFXOWWRLPSOHPHQWWKHGDPDJHGHWHFWLRQEDVHGRQVWLIIQHVVRIVWUXFWXUHV
,Q7DEOHLWFDQEHVHHQWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ06,DQGWKHOHYHORIWKHVWUXFWXUHIRUERWKVFHQDULRV

7DEOH06,IRUERWKGDPDJHVFHQDULRV
6WRU\          
6FHQDULR          
06,
6FHQDULR          

)LJVKRZVWKHMSIDFURVVWKHKHLJKWRIWKHVWUXFWXUH)URP)LJLWLVFOHDUWKDWWKHGDPDJHRFFXUVLQWKHVL[WK
VWRU\)LJDVKRZVWKHLQFUHDVHRI MSIEHWZHHQILIWKDQGVL[WKVWRULHV:KLOHLQ)LJEEHVLGHVWKHLQFUHDVHRI
MSIEHWZHHQILIWKDQGVL[WKVWRULHVWKHUHLVDSRVVLELOLW\WKHLQFUHDVHRI MSI EHWZHHQILUVWDQGVHFRQGVWRULHV


)LJD06,IRUILUVWGDPDJHVFHQDULRE06,IRUVHFRQGGDPDJHVFHQDULR

$V D FRPSDULVRQ GDPDJH ORFDWLQJ YHFWRU PHWKRG >@ ZDV XWLOL]HG 6HQVRU ZHUH SODFHG DW VHFRQG VWRU\ XQWLO VL[
VWRU\$VVKRZQLQ)LJWKHGDPDJHGVWRU\LVLQGLFDWHGE\]HURYDOXHRIQVLIRUWKHFKRVHQ'/9V>@
 Rihard Frans et al. / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271 1267


)LJDQVLIRUILUVWGDPDJHVFHQDULREQVLIRUVHFRQGGDPDJHVFHQDULR

4.2. Simply supported beam

7KH VHFRQG DSSOLFDWLRQ LV VLPSO\ VXSSRUWHG EHDP ZLWK WHQ PHWHUV OHQJWK DV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  7KH VWUXFWXUDO
SURSHUWLHVRIWKHEHDPFDQEHVHHQRQ7DEOH

7DEOH6WUXFWXUDOSURSHUW\RIEHDP
6WUXFWXUDO3URSHUWLHV +HDOWK\&RQGLWLRQ 'DPDJH&RQGLWLRQ

:LGWKRIEHDPPP  

+HLJKWRIEHDPPP  

$UHD6HFWLRQVPP  

0RGXOXVRI(ODVWLFLW\03D ަ


)LJ6LPSO\VXSSRUWHGEHDP

7KUHH GLIIHUHQW GDPDJH VFHQDULRV ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG DV IROORZV  ILUVW VFHQDULR VLQJOH GDPDJH WKH GDPDJH LV
ORFDWHG DW D GLVWDQFH  P XQWLO  P IURP WKH OHIW KLQJH  VHFRQG VFHQDULR GRXEOH GDPDJH WKH GDPDJH DUH
ORFDWHGDWDGLVWDQFHPXQWLOPDQGPXQWLOPIURPWKHOHIWKLQJHWKLUGVFHQDULRWULSOHGDPDJHWKH
GDPDJHDUHORFDWHGDWDGLVWDQFHPXQWLOPPXQWLOPDQGPXQWLOPIURPWKHOHIWKLQJH
7KLV VLPSO\ VXSSRUWHGEHDP LV GLYLGHG LQWR SDUWVZKHUH HDFKSDUWKDV OHQJWK PP 7KH WRWDO GHJUHHVRI
IUHHGRPRIWKHEHDPEHFRPH6WLIIQHVVPHWKRG>@LVXVHGWRDQDO\]HWKHGLIIHUHQFHRIPRGHVEHWZHHQKHDOWK\
DQG GDPDJH FRQGLWLRQV 6WDWLF FRQGHQVDWLRQ WHFKQLTXH ZDV XVHG WR UHWDLQ YHUWLFDO GHJUHH RI IUHHGRP RQO\ %HIRUH
DQDO\]LQJ WKH GDPDJH RI WKH EHDP WKH ILUVW VWHS LV WR FKHFN WKH GLIIHUHQW RI WKH IUHTXHQF\ EHWZHHQ KHDOWK\ DQG
GDPDJHFRQGLWLRQV,IWKHUHLVDFKDQJHLQWKHQDWXUDOIUHTXHQF\LWFDQEHDVVXPHGWKDWWKHVWUXFWXUHZDVGDPDJHG
7DEOHVKRZVWKHGLIIHUHQFHRIWKHQDWXUDOIUHTXHQFLHVRIWKHVWUXFWXUHWRLQGLFDWHWKDWWKHGDPDJHZDVRFFXUUHG
LQWKHEHDP'XHWRVSDFHOLPLWDWLRQVRQO\WKHILUVWILYHQDWXUDOIUHTXHQFLHVZHUHVKRZQ)LJVVKRZWKHYDOXHVRI
06,IRUHDFKGDPDJHVFHQDULR
1268 Rihard Frans et al. / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271

7DEOH'LIIHUHQFHVRIQDWXUDOIUHTXHQFLHVRIKHDOWKDQGGDPDJHVWUXFWXUH
)UHTXHQF\+]
0RGH 0DVV3DUWLFLSDWLRQ)DFWRU 'DPDJHG
8QGDPDJHG
)LUVW6FHQDULR 6HFRQG6FHQDULR 7KLUG6FHQDULR
     
     
     
     
     


 D E



 
F


)LJD06,YVQRGHIRUILUVWGDPDJHVFHQDULRE06,YVGLVWDQFHIRUVHFRQGGDPDJHVFHQDULRF06,YVGLVWDQFHIRUWKLUGGDPDJH

VFHQDULR

)URP)LJLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDW06,FDQLGHQWLI\WKHGDPDJHPHPEHUVFOHDUO\IRUDOOGDPDJHVFHQDULRVDQG
PLQLPL]HWKHQRLVH
$VDFRPSDULVRQ'/9PHWKRGZDVLPSOHPHQWHGWRWKLVEHDP7KHUHVXOWFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJ)URP)LJLWFDQ
EH VHHQ WKDW WKH GDPDJHG PHPEHUV KDYH QVL FORVH WR ]HUR LH DW PHPEHU  IRU WKH ILUVW GDPDJH VFHQDULR DW
PHPEHUV  DQG  IRU WKH VHFRQG GDPDJH VFHQDULR DQG DW PHPEHUV  DQG  IRU WKH WKLUG GDPDJH VFHQDULR
UHVSHFWLYHO\,WFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWERWKLGHQWLILFDWLRQPHWKRGVZHUHFDSDEOHRILGHQWLI\WKHGDPDJHFOHDUO\
 Rihard Frans et al. / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271 1269




)LJDnsiYVPHPEHUIRUILUVWGDPDJHVFHQDULREnsi YVPHPEHUIRUVHFRQGGDPDJHVFHQDULRF nsiYVPHPEHUIRUWKLUGGDPDJH

VFHQDULR

4.3. Plane truss

7KHQH[WH[DPSOHLVDSODQHWUXVVZKLFKKDYHEHHQFRQVLGHUHGLQ>@DVVKRZQLQ)LJ7ZRGDPDJHVFHQDULRV
DUHFRQVLGHUHG7KHILUVWVFHQDULRLVDVLQJOHGDPDJHZLWKORVVRIVWLIIQHVVRIPHPEHULVDQGWKHVHFRQGRQH
LVDPXOWLSOHGDPDJHZLWKORVVRIVWLIIQHVVRIPHPEHUDQGPHPEHUDUHDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\


)LJ3ODQHWUXVVVWUXFWXUH

0RGHVKDSHFXUYDWXUHDQGGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRUZHUHDSSOLHGWRORFDWHWKHGDPDJH)LJVKRZVWKHLQFUHDVHRI
WKH06,IRUQRGHVDQGQRGHVDVWKHLQGLFDWLRQRIWKHGDPDJHMRLQWZKLOHIURP)LJWKHQVLRIWKHPHPEHU
LVFORVHWR]HURVRWKDWPHPEHUPD\EHFRQVLGHUHGDVDGDPDJHPHPEHU
1270 Rihard Frans et al. / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271


)LJD06,RIILUVWVFHQDULREQVLIRUILUVWVFHQDULR

)RUVHFRQGVFHQDULRWKH06,LQGH[WKDWKDYHDJUHDWHVWYDOXHLVRQQRGHVDQGDVVKRZQLQ)LJDZKLOHWKH
QVL LQGH[ LQ )LJ E VKRZV WKDW WKH GDPDJH PHPEHU DUH PHPEHUV   DQG  ,Q WKLV FDVH WKH PRGH VKDSH
FXUYDWXUHPHWKRGDFFXUDWHO\SUHGLFWVWKHGDPDJHMRLQWVEXWLWFDQQRWGHWHUPLQHWKHGDPDJHPHPEHUV2QWKHRWKHU
KDQGWKHGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRUPHWKRGFDQGHWHUPLQHWKHGDPDJHPHPEHUDOWKRXJKQRWVRDFFXUDWHEHFDXVHWKH
SUHGLFWHGGDPDJHPHPEHUVDUHPHPEHUVDQG



)LJD06,RIVHFRQGVFHQDULREQVLRIVHFRQGVFHQDULR

&RQFOXVLRQ

7KHSUHVHQWVWXG\IRFXVHVRQWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHGDPDJHRIVWUXFWXUHVXVLQJWZRWHFKQLTXHV
LHPRGHVKDSHFXUYDWXUHDQGGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRUPHWKRGV%RWKPHWKRGVDUHDSSOLHGWRVKHDUEXLOGLQJEHDP
DQGSODQHWUXVVVWUXFWXUHV6HYHUDOGDPDJHVFHQDULRVDUHDOVRFRQVLGHUHGIRUHDFKW\SHRIVWUXFWXUHV
7KH VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOW LQ WKDW WKH PRGH VKDSH FXUYDWXUH PHWKRG LV VXLWDEOH IRU EHDP VWUXFWXUH EXW QRW IRU WUXVV
VWUXFWXUH 7KLV LV EHFDXVH WKH PRGH VKDSH FXUYDWXUH PHWKRG ORFDWHV WKH GDPDJHG QRGHV 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKH
GDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRUPHWKRGLVDSSURSULDWHWRORFDWHWKHGDPDJHRIWUXVVVWUXFWXUHVDOWKRXJKIRUPXOWLSOHGDPDJH
VFHQDULRVLWKDVVRPHOLPLWDWLRQV

5HIHUHQFHV

>@ 97$QK(QKDQFHPHQWVWRWKHGDPDJHORFDWLQJYHFWRUPHWKRGIRUVWUXFWXUDOKHDOWKPRQLWRULQJ3K''LVVHUWDWLRQ1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\RI
6LQJDSRUH6LQJDSRUH
 Rihard Frans et al. / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1263 – 1271 1271

>@ $ 5\WWHU 9LEUDWLRQ EDVHG LQVSHFWLRQ RI FLYLO HQJLQHHULQJ VWUXFWXUHV 'RFWRUDO 'LVVHUWDWLRQ 'HSDUWPHQW RI %XLOGLQJ 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG
6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHULQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI$DOERUJ$DOERUJ'HQPDUN
>@ $.3DQGH\0%LVZDVDQG006DPPDQ'DPDJHGHWHFWLRQIURPFKDQJHVLQFXUYDWXUHPRGHVKDSHV-RXUQDORI6RXQGDQG9LEUDWLRQ

>@ <. +R DQG '- (ZLQV 2Q 6WUXFWXUDO 'DPDJH ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ ZLWK 0RGH 6KDSHV 3URFHHGLQJV RI &RVW ) &RQIHUHQFH RQ 6\VWHP
,GHQWLILFDWLRQDQG6WUXFWXUDO+HDOWK0RQLWRULQJ0DGULG6SDLQSS±
>@ 0$:DKDEDQG*'H5RHFN'DPDJHGHWHFWLRQLQEULGJHVXVLQJPRGDOFXUYDWXUHVDSSOLFDWLRQWRDUHDOGDPDJH-RXUQDORI6RXQGDQG
9LEUDWLRQ
>@ '%HUQDO'DPDJHORFDOL]DWLRQXVLQJORDGYHFWRUV&267)0DGULG6SDLQSS
>@ <*DR6WUXFWXUDOKHDOWK PRQLWRULQJVWUDWHJLHVIRUVPDUWVHQVRUQHWZRUNV3K''LVVHUWDWLRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI,OOQRLVDW8UEDQD&KDPSDLJQ
8UEDQD,OOQRLV
>@ <$UILDGL6WUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVE\XVLQJ0DWODEDQG)UHH0DWSURJUDPLQEDKDVD,QGRQHVLD&DKD\D$WPD3XVWDND<RJ\DNDUWD
>@ < $UILDGL );1 :LERZR 'DPDJH GHWHFWLRQ RI VWUXFWXUHV E\ XVLQJ IOH[LELOLW\ PDWUL[ DSSURDFK LQ EDKDVD ,QGRQHVLD 6HPLQDU RQ
,QQRYDWLYH6ROXWLRQLQ'HVLJQ6WUXFWXUDO)DLOXUHVLQ&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ3HOLWD+DUDSDQ8QLYHUVLW\,QGRQHVLD2FWREHUSS))