Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1 2 6
2 3 4
3 5 3.1
4 10 2
5 15 1.3
6 20 1.2
7 30 1
Bedding options/design
Bedding shall be designed corresponding to laying condition of sewer in trench, embankment or tunnel as per CPHEEO
manual, chapter 6. Generally sewers are laid in trenches by excavation in natural soil and then covered by refilling the
trench to the original ground level. Four classes of beddings of A, B, C, and D are used for laying of sewers. Class A bedding
may be either concrete cradle or concrete arch. Class B is bedding having a shaped bottom or compacted granular bedding
with a carefully compacted backfill. Class C is an ordinary bedding having a shaped bottom or compacted granular bedding
but with a lightly compacted backfill. Class D is one with flat bottom trench with no care being taken to secure compaction of
backfill at the sides and immediately over the pipe and hence is not recommended. Class B or C bedding with compacted
granular bedding is generally recommended. Shaped bottom is difficult and costly and hence not recommended. The pipe
bedding material must be firm and not permit displacement of pipe.
For depth below 0.9 m and for outgoing pipe dia up to 300 mm 900 X 800mm R-Type Manhole
For depth up to 1.65 m and for outgoing pipe dia up to 500 mm 900 mm dia A-Type Manhole
For depth up to 2.30 m and for outgoing pipe dia up to 600 mm 1200 mm dia B-Type Manhole
For depth up to 9.0 m and for outgoing pipe dia up to 900 mm 1500 mm dia C-Type Manhole
For outgoing pipe dia of 1000 mm to 1400 mm 1800 mm dia D-Type Manhole
For outgoing pipe dia of 1600 mm to 1800 mm 2400 mm dia E-Type Manhole
Scarper Manhole (outgoing pipe dia of 450 mm to 900 mm) 1500 X1500 mm G-Type Manhole
Scarper Manhole (outgoing pipe dia of 1000 mm to 1400 mm) 1800 X1500 mm H-Type Manhole
Scarper Manhole (outgoing pipe dia of 1600 mm to 1800 mm) 2400 X1800 mm I-Type Manhole
Spacing of Manholes
For inspection, cleaning and testing of sewers, manholes shall be provided at every change of alignment, gradient, diameter,
head of sewers and at junction of sewers. The sewer shall be in a straight line between two manholes. The minimum spacing
of manholes varies from 30 m for smaller sewer dia to 300 m for sewers above 2000 mm dia.
Cover Frame
The size of manholes shall be such that there should be a clear opening of not less than 0.56m dia for entry. Steel Fiber
Reinforced Concrete Covers (SFRC) conforming to IS 12592 (heavy duty HD-20 Grade designation) or cast iron manhole
covers and frames conforming to IS 1726 (part 1 -7) has been proposed
Hazen-William Coefficients
1 Concrete (RCC & PSC) with socket & spigot joints 150 120
6 Steel, welded joints lined with cement or bituminous enamel 140 120